数据挖掘3.Pandas基础数据处理

python菜丝

于 2024-03-13 18:59:08 发布

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文章标签： pandas

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/m0_74044320/article/details/136688457

版权

Pandas 数据处理工具(Pandas基础数据处理)

1.便捷的数据处理能力

2.读取文件方便

3.封装了Matplotlib ，Numpy的画图和计算

Pandas的核心数据结构

1.DataFrame

2.Panel

3.Series

# DataFrame:
#     既有行索引，又有列索引的二维数组
import numpy as np
stock_change = np.random.normal(0,1,(10,5))

stock_change

array([[-8.95568808e-01,  4.06084744e-01,  2.39582146e+00,
         5.11976280e-01,  2.77457517e-01],
       [-4.51453894e-01,  6.31000994e-01,  1.24744949e+00,
        -2.00202912e+00, -2.92207867e-01],
       [ 6.55667369e-02, -7.84859167e-01, -4.12101825e-01,
        -3.47667810e-01,  1.45793706e-03],
       [-1.67876579e-01, -1.40968116e+00,  1.81237520e+00,
        -1.92033529e+00,  9.38875605e-01],
       [ 6.00839305e-02, -1.05816829e-01, -4.45666222e-01,
        -1.81006228e-01,  2.05418850e-01],
       [-6.77267207e-01, -7.53382789e-02,  3.97187494e-01,
         1.07846908e-01, -1.32381297e+00],
       [-1.68876926e+00, -1.70388042e-01, -3.94244637e-01,
         2.25074192e+00, -6.01979955e-01],
       [-1.91533157e+00, -1.22823000e-01,  3.91800427e-01,
        -8.66979997e-01,  2.93894267e-01],
       [ 1.36784986e+00, -7.75015875e-01, -1.71867214e+00,
         4.12866314e-01, -1.37527880e+00],
       [-1.04679747e-01,  4.59861072e-01, -7.55025583e-01,
        -6.71892862e-01, -1.52619930e+00]])

import pandas as pd
pd.DataFrame(stock_change)

	0	1	2	3	4
0	-0.895569	0.406085	2.395821	0.511976	0.277458
1	-0.451454	0.631001	1.247449	-2.002029	-0.292208
2	0.065567	-0.784859	-0.412102	-0.347668	0.001458
3	-0.167877	-1.409681	1.812375	-1.920335	0.938876
4	0.060084	-0.105817	-0.445666	-0.181006	0.205419
5	-0.677267	-0.075338	0.397187	0.107847	-1.323813
6	-1.688769	-0.170388	-0.394245	2.250742	-0.601980
7	-1.915332	-0.122823	0.391800	-0.866980	0.293894
8	1.367850	-0.775016	-1.718672	0.412866	-1.375279
9	-0.104680	0.459861	-0.755026	-0.671893	-1.526199

#添加行索引
stock = ["股票{}".format(i) for i in range(10)]

pd.DataFrame(stock_change, index=stock)

	0	1	2	3	4
股票0	-0.895569	0.406085	2.395821	0.511976	0.277458
股票1	-0.451454	0.631001	1.247449	-2.002029	-0.292208
股票2	0.065567	-0.784859	-0.412102	-0.347668	0.001458
股票3	-0.167877	-1.409681	1.812375	-1.920335	0.938876
股票4	0.060084	-0.105817	-0.445666	-0.181006	0.205419
股票5	-0.677267	-0.075338	0.397187	0.107847	-1.323813
股票6	-1.688769	-0.170388	-0.394245	2.250742	-0.601980
股票7	-1.915332	-0.122823	0.391800	-0.866980	0.293894
股票8	1.367850	-0.775016	-1.718672	0.412866	-1.375279
股票9	-0.104680	0.459861	-0.755026	-0.671893	-1.526199

#添加列索引
date = pd.date_range(start="20180101", periods=5, freq="B")

date

DatetimeIndex(['2018-01-01', '2018-01-02', '2018-01-03', '2018-01-04',
               '2018-01-05'],
              dtype='datetime64[ns]', freq='B')

data = pd.DataFrame(stock_change, index=stock, columns=date)

# DataFrame常见属性演示
data

	2018-01-01	2018-01-02	2018-01-03	2018-01-04	2018-01-05
股票0	-0.895569	0.406085	2.395821	0.511976	0.277458
股票1	-0.451454	0.631001	1.247449	-2.002029	-0.292208
股票2	0.065567	-0.784859	-0.412102	-0.347668	0.001458
股票3	-0.167877	-1.409681	1.812375	-1.920335	0.938876
股票4	0.060084	-0.105817	-0.445666	-0.181006	0.205419
股票5	-0.677267	-0.075338	0.397187	0.107847	-1.323813
股票6	-1.688769	-0.170388	-0.394245	2.250742	-0.601980
股票7	-1.915332	-0.122823	0.391800	-0.866980	0.293894
股票8	1.367850	-0.775016	-1.718672	0.412866	-1.375279
股票9	-0.104680	0.459861	-0.755026	-0.671893	-1.526199

data.shape

(10, 5)

data.index

Index(['股票0', '股票1', '股票2', '股票3', '股票4', '股票5', '股票6', '股票7', '股票8', '股票9'], dtype='object')

data.columns

DatetimeIndex(['2018-01-01', '2018-01-02', '2018-01-03', '2018-01-04',
               '2018-01-05'],
              dtype='datetime64[ns]', freq='B')

data.values

array([[-8.95568808e-01,  4.06084744e-01,  2.39582146e+00,
         5.11976280e-01,  2.77457517e-01],
       [-4.51453894e-01,  6.31000994e-01,  1.24744949e+00,
        -2.00202912e+00, -2.92207867e-01],
       [ 6.55667369e-02, -7.84859167e-01, -4.12101825e-01,
        -3.47667810e-01,  1.45793706e-03],
       [-1.67876579e-01, -1.40968116e+00,  1.81237520e+00,
        -1.92033529e+00,  9.38875605e-01],
       [ 6.00839305e-02, -1.05816829e-01, -4.45666222e-01,
        -1.81006228e-01,  2.05418850e-01],
       [-6.77267207e-01, -7.53382789e-02,  3.97187494e-01,
         1.07846908e-01, -1.32381297e+00],
       [-1.68876926e+00, -1.70388042e-01, -3.94244637e-01,
         2.25074192e+00, -6.01979955e-01],
       [-1.91533157e+00, -1.22823000e-01,  3.91800427e-01,
        -8.66979997e-01,  2.93894267e-01],
       [ 1.36784986e+00, -7.75015875e-01, -1.71867214e+00,
         4.12866314e-01, -1.37527880e+00],
       [-1.04679747e-01,  4.59861072e-01, -7.55025583e-01,
        -6.71892862e-01, -1.52619930e+00]])

data.T

	股票0	股票1	股票2	股票3	股票4	股票5	股票6	股票7	股票8	股票9
2018-01-01	-0.895569	-0.451454	0.065567	-0.167877	0.060084	-0.677267	-1.688769	-1.915332	1.367850	-0.104680
2018-01-02	0.406085	0.631001	-0.784859	-1.409681	-0.105817	-0.075338	-0.170388	-0.122823	-0.775016	0.459861
2018-01-03	2.395821	1.247449	-0.412102	1.812375	-0.445666	0.397187	-0.394245	0.391800	-1.718672	-0.755026
2018-01-04	0.511976	-2.002029	-0.347668	-1.920335	-0.181006	0.107847	2.250742	-0.866980	0.412866	-0.671893
2018-01-05	0.277458	-0.292208	0.001458	0.938876	0.205419	-1.323813	-0.601980	0.293894	-1.375279	-1.526199

#DataFrame常用方法
data.head()

	2018-01-01	2018-01-02	2018-01-03	2018-01-04	2018-01-05
股票0	-0.895569	0.406085	2.395821	0.511976	0.277458
股票1	-0.451454	0.631001	1.247449	-2.002029	-0.292208
股票2	0.065567	-0.784859	-0.412102	-0.347668	0.001458
股票3	-0.167877	-1.409681	1.812375	-1.920335	0.938876
股票4	0.060084	-0.105817	-0.445666	-0.181006	0.205419

data.head(3)

	2018-01-01	2018-01-02	2018-01-03	2018-01-04	2018-01-05
股票0	-0.895569	0.406085	2.395821	0.511976	0.277458
股票1	-0.451454	0.631001	1.247449	-2.002029	-0.292208
股票2	0.065567	-0.784859	-0.412102	-0.347668	0.001458

data.tail(2)

	2018-01-01	2018-01-02	2018-01-03	2018-01-04	2018-01-05
股票8	1.36785	-0.775016	-1.718672	0.412866	-1.375279
股票9	-0.10468	0.459861	-0.755026	-0.671893	-1.526199

#DataFrame索引的设置
#1.修改行列索引值
data.head()

	2018-01-01	2018-01-02	2018-01-03	2018-01-04	2018-01-05
股票0	-0.895569	0.406085	2.395821	0.511976	0.277458
股票1	-0.451454	0.631001	1.247449	-2.002029	-0.292208
股票2	0.065567	-0.784859	-0.412102	-0.347668	0.001458
股票3	-0.167877	-1.409681	1.812375	-1.920335	0.938876
股票4	0.060084	-0.105817	-0.445666	-0.181006	0.205419

#data.index[2] = "股票88" 会报错不能单独修改索引

stock_ =["股票_{}".format(i) for i in range(10)]#只能整体修改

data.index = stock_

data

	2018-01-01	2018-01-02	2018-01-03	2018-01-04	2018-01-05
股票_0	-0.895569	0.406085	2.395821	0.511976	0.277458
股票_1	-0.451454	0.631001	1.247449	-2.002029	-0.292208
股票_2	0.065567	-0.784859	-0.412102	-0.347668	0.001458
股票_3	-0.167877	-1.409681	1.812375	-1.920335	0.938876
股票_4	0.060084	-0.105817	-0.445666	-0.181006	0.205419
股票_5	-0.677267	-0.075338	0.397187	0.107847	-1.323813
股票_6	-1.688769	-0.170388	-0.394245	2.250742	-0.601980
股票_7	-1.915332	-0.122823	0.391800	-0.866980	0.293894
股票_8	1.367850	-0.775016	-1.718672	0.412866	-1.375279
股票_9	-0.104680	0.459861	-0.755026	-0.671893	-1.526199

#2.重设索引
data.reset_index(drop = False)

	index	2018-01-01 00:00:00	2018-01-02 00:00:00	2018-01-03 00:00:00	2018-01-04 00:00:00	2018-01-05 00:00:00
0	股票_0	-0.895569	0.406085	2.395821	0.511976	0.277458
1	股票_1	-0.451454	0.631001	1.247449	-2.002029	-0.292208
2	股票_2	0.065567	-0.784859	-0.412102	-0.347668	0.001458
3	股票_3	-0.167877	-1.409681	1.812375	-1.920335	0.938876
4	股票_4	0.060084	-0.105817	-0.445666	-0.181006	0.205419
5	股票_5	-0.677267	-0.075338	0.397187	0.107847	-1.323813
6	股票_6	-1.688769	-0.170388	-0.394245	2.250742	-0.601980
7	股票_7	-1.915332	-0.122823	0.391800	-0.866980	0.293894
8	股票_8	1.367850	-0.775016	-1.718672	0.412866	-1.375279
9	股票_9	-0.104680	0.459861	-0.755026	-0.671893	-1.526199

data.shape

(10, 5)

#设置新索引
df = pd.DataFrame({'month':[1,4,7,10],
                    'year':[2012,2014,2013,2014],
                    'sale':[55,40,84,31]})

df

	month	year	sale
0	1	2012	55
1	4	2014	40
2	7	2013	84
3	10	2014	31

#以月份为新的索引
df.set_index("month",drop=True)

	year	sale
month
1	2012	55
4	2014	40
7	2013	84
10	2014	31

df.set_index("month",drop=False)

	month	year	sale
month
1	1	2012	55
4	4	2014	40
7	7	2013	84
10	10	2014	31

#设置多个索引
new_df = df.set_index(["year","month"])

new_df

		sale
year	month
2012	1	55
2014	4	40
2013	7	84
2014	10	31

new_df.index##变成MultiIndex类型

MultiIndex([(2012,  1),
            (2014,  4),
            (2013,  7),
            (2014, 10)],
           names=['year', 'month'])

new_df.index.names

FrozenList(['year', 'month'])

new_df.index.levels

FrozenList([[2012, 2013, 2014], [1, 4, 7, 10]])

Panel存储三维结构的数据

p = pd.Panel(np,arange(24).reshape(4,3,2),
             items=list('ABCD'),
             major_axis=pd.date_range('20130101',periods=3),
             minor_axis=['first','second'])#存储MultiIndex的一个容器，已弃用

---------------------------------------------------------------------------

AttributeError                            Traceback (most recent call last)

Cell In[71], line 1
----> 1 p = pd.Panel(np,arange(24).reshape(4,3,2),
      2              items=list('ABCD'),
      3              major_axis=pd.date_range('20130101',periods=3),
      4              minor_axis=['first','second'])


AttributeError: module 'pandas' has no attribute 'Panel'

data

	2018-01-01	2018-01-02	2018-01-03	2018-01-04	2018-01-05
股票_0	-0.895569	0.406085	2.395821	0.511976	0.277458
股票_1	-0.451454	0.631001	1.247449	-2.002029	-0.292208
股票_2	0.065567	-0.784859	-0.412102	-0.347668	0.001458
股票_3	-0.167877	-1.409681	1.812375	-1.920335	0.938876
股票_4	0.060084	-0.105817	-0.445666	-0.181006	0.205419
股票_5	-0.677267	-0.075338	0.397187	0.107847	-1.323813
股票_6	-1.688769	-0.170388	-0.394245	2.250742	-0.601980
股票_7	-1.915332	-0.122823	0.391800	-0.866980	0.293894
股票_8	1.367850	-0.775016	-1.718672	0.412866	-1.375279
股票_9	-0.104680	0.459861	-0.755026	-0.671893	-1.526199

data.iloc[1,:]  #带索引的一维数组,即series

2018-01-01   -0.451454
2018-01-02    0.631001
2018-01-03    1.247449
2018-01-04   -2.002029
2018-01-05   -0.292208
Freq: B, Name: 股票_1, dtype: float64

data.iloc[1,:].index

DatetimeIndex(['2018-01-01', '2018-01-02', '2018-01-03', '2018-01-04',
               '2018-01-05'],
              dtype='datetime64[ns]', freq='B')

#Series
sr = data.iloc[1,:]
sr.index

DatetimeIndex(['2018-01-01', '2018-01-02', '2018-01-03', '2018-01-04',
               '2018-01-05'],
              dtype='datetime64[ns]', freq='B')

sr.values

array([-0.45145389,  0.63100099,  1.24744949, -2.00202912, -0.29220787])

type(sr.values)

numpy.ndarray

pd.Series(np.arange(3,9,2),index=["a","b","c"])

a    3
b    5
c    7
dtype: int32

pd.Series({'red':100,'blue':200,'green':500,'yellow':1000})

red        100
blue       200
green      500
yellow    1000
dtype: int64

#可以将DataFrame理解为Series的容器
#Panel是DataFrame的容器

基本数据操作

import pandas as pd
data = pd.read_csv("./stock_day/stock_day.csv")

data

	open	high	close	low	volume	price_change	p_change	ma5	ma10	ma20	v_ma5	v_ma10	v_ma20	turnover
2018-02-27	23.53	25.88	24.16	23.53	95578.03	0.63	2.68	22.942	22.142	22.875	53782.64	46738.65	55576.11	2.39
2018-02-26	22.80	23.78	23.53	22.80	60985.11	0.69	3.02	22.406	21.955	22.942	40827.52	42736.34	56007.50	1.53
2018-02-23	22.88	23.37	22.82	22.71	52914.01	0.54	2.42	21.938	21.929	23.022	35119.58	41871.97	56372.85	1.32
2018-02-22	22.25	22.76	22.28	22.02	36105.01	0.36	1.64	21.446	21.909	23.137	35397.58	39904.78	60149.60	0.90
2018-02-14	21.49	21.99	21.92	21.48	23331.04	0.44	2.05	21.366	21.923	23.253	33590.21	42935.74	61716.11	0.58
...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
2015-03-06	13.17	14.48	14.28	13.13	179831.72	1.12	8.51	13.112	13.112	13.112	115090.18	115090.18	115090.18	6.16
2015-03-05	12.88	13.45	13.16	12.87	93180.39	0.26	2.02	12.820	12.820	12.820	98904.79	98904.79	98904.79	3.19
2015-03-04	12.80	12.92	12.90	12.61	67075.44	0.20	1.57	12.707	12.707	12.707	100812.93	100812.93	100812.93	2.30
2015-03-03	12.52	13.06	12.70	12.52	139071.61	0.18	1.44	12.610	12.610	12.610	117681.67	117681.67	117681.67	4.76
2015-03-02	12.25	12.67	12.52	12.20	96291.73	0.32	2.62	12.520	12.520	12.520	96291.73	96291.73	96291.73	3.30

643 rows × 14 columns

data = data.drop(["ma5","ma10","ma20","v_ma5","v_ma10","v_ma20"], axis=1)

data

	open	high	close	low	volume	price_change	p_change	turnover
2018-02-27	23.53	25.88	24.16	23.53	95578.03	0.63	2.68	2.39
2018-02-26	22.80	23.78	23.53	22.80	60985.11	0.69	3.02	1.53
2018-02-23	22.88	23.37	22.82	22.71	52914.01	0.54	2.42	1.32
2018-02-22	22.25	22.76	22.28	22.02	36105.01	0.36	1.64	0.90
2018-02-14	21.49	21.99	21.92	21.48	23331.04	0.44	2.05	0.58
...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
2015-03-06	13.17	14.48	14.28	13.13	179831.72	1.12	8.51	6.16
2015-03-05	12.88	13.45	13.16	12.87	93180.39	0.26	2.02	3.19
2015-03-04	12.80	12.92	12.90	12.61	67075.44	0.20	1.57	2.30
2015-03-03	12.52	13.06	12.70	12.52	139071.61	0.18	1.44	4.76
2015-03-02	12.25	12.67	12.52	12.20	96291.73	0.32	2.62	3.30

643 rows × 8 columns

#data[1,0]   不能直接进行数字索引

#1.直接索引(先列后行)
data["open"]["2018-02-26"]

22.8

#2.按名字索引
data.loc["2018-02-26"]["open"]

22.8

data.loc["2018-02-26","open"]

22.8

#3.按数字索引
data.iloc[1,0]

22.8

#4.即用数字又用名字 (ix组合索引)
data.loc[data.index[0:4],['open','close','high','low']]

	open	close	high	low
2018-02-27	23.53	24.16	25.88	23.53
2018-02-26	22.80	23.53	23.78	22.80
2018-02-23	22.88	22.82	23.37	22.71
2018-02-22	22.25	22.28	22.76	22.02

data.iloc[0:4,data.columns.get_indexer(['open','close','high','low'])]

	open	close	high	low
2018-02-27	23.53	24.16	25.88	23.53
2018-02-26	22.80	23.53	23.78	22.80
2018-02-23	22.88	22.82	23.37	22.71
2018-02-22	22.25	22.28	22.76	22.02

#赋值操作
data

	open	high	close	low	volume	price_change	p_change	turnover
2018-02-27	23.53	25.88	24.16	23.53	95578.03	0.63	2.68	2.39
2018-02-26	22.80	23.78	23.53	22.80	60985.11	0.69	3.02	1.53
2018-02-23	22.88	23.37	22.82	22.71	52914.01	0.54	2.42	1.32
2018-02-22	22.25	22.76	22.28	22.02	36105.01	0.36	1.64	0.90
2018-02-14	21.49	21.99	21.92	21.48	23331.04	0.44	2.05	0.58
...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
2015-03-06	13.17	14.48	14.28	13.13	179831.72	1.12	8.51	6.16
2015-03-05	12.88	13.45	13.16	12.87	93180.39	0.26	2.02	3.19
2015-03-04	12.80	12.92	12.90	12.61	67075.44	0.20	1.57	2.30
2015-03-03	12.52	13.06	12.70	12.52	139071.61	0.18	1.44	4.76
2015-03-02	12.25	12.67	12.52	12.20	96291.73	0.32	2.62	3.30

643 rows × 8 columns

data["open"]

2018-02-27    23.53
2018-02-26    22.80
2018-02-23    22.88
2018-02-22    22.25
2018-02-14    21.49
              ...  
2015-03-06    13.17
2015-03-05    12.88
2015-03-04    12.80
2015-03-03    12.52
2015-03-02    12.25
Name: open, Length: 643, dtype: float64

data.open = 100

data

	open	high	close	low	volume	price_change	p_change	turnover
2018-02-27	100	25.88	24.16	23.53	95578.03	0.63	2.68	2.39
2018-02-26	100	23.78	23.53	22.80	60985.11	0.69	3.02	1.53
2018-02-23	100	23.37	22.82	22.71	52914.01	0.54	2.42	1.32
2018-02-22	100	22.76	22.28	22.02	36105.01	0.36	1.64	0.90
2018-02-14	100	21.99	21.92	21.48	23331.04	0.44	2.05	0.58
...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
2015-03-06	100	14.48	14.28	13.13	179831.72	1.12	8.51	6.16
2015-03-05	100	13.45	13.16	12.87	93180.39	0.26	2.02	3.19
2015-03-04	100	12.92	12.90	12.61	67075.44	0.20	1.57	2.30
2015-03-03	100	13.06	12.70	12.52	139071.61	0.18	1.44	4.76
2015-03-02	100	12.67	12.52	12.20	96291.73	0.32	2.62	3.30

643 rows × 8 columns

data.iloc[1,0]=222

data

	open	high	close	low	volume	price_change	p_change	turnover
2015-06-10	100	36.35	33.85	32.23	269033.12	0.51	1.53	9.21
2015-06-12	222	35.98	35.21	34.01	159825.88	0.82	2.38	5.47
2017-10-31	100	35.22	34.44	32.20	361660.88	2.38	7.42	9.05
2015-06-15	100	34.99	31.69	31.69	199369.53	-3.52	-10.00	6.82
2015-06-11	100	34.98	34.39	32.51	173075.73	0.54	1.59	5.92
...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
2015-03-05	100	13.45	13.16	12.87	93180.39	0.26	2.02	3.19
2015-09-07	100	13.38	12.77	12.63	52490.04	0.37	2.98	1.80
2015-03-03	100	13.06	12.70	12.52	139071.61	0.18	1.44	4.76
2015-03-04	100	12.92	12.90	12.61	67075.44	0.20	1.57	2.30
2015-03-02	100	12.67	12.52	12.20	96291.73	0.32	2.62	3.30

643 rows × 8 columns

data.head()

	open	high	close	low	volume	price_change	p_change	turnover
2018-02-27	100	25.88	24.16	23.53	95578.03	0.63	2.68	2.39
2018-02-26	222	23.78	23.53	22.80	60985.11	0.69	3.02	1.53
2018-02-23	100	23.37	22.82	22.71	52914.01	0.54	2.42	1.32
2018-02-22	100	22.76	22.28	22.02	36105.01	0.36	1.64	0.90
2018-02-14	100	21.99	21.92	21.48	23331.04	0.44	2.05	0.58

#排序操作
    #对内容排序
    #对索引进行排序
data

	open	high	close	low	volume	price_change	p_change	turnover
2018-02-27	100	25.88	24.16	23.53	95578.03	0.63	2.68	2.39
2018-02-26	222	23.78	23.53	22.80	60985.11	0.69	3.02	1.53
2018-02-23	100	23.37	22.82	22.71	52914.01	0.54	2.42	1.32
2018-02-22	100	22.76	22.28	22.02	36105.01	0.36	1.64	0.90
2018-02-14	100	21.99	21.92	21.48	23331.04	0.44	2.05	0.58
...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
2015-03-06	100	14.48	14.28	13.13	179831.72	1.12	8.51	6.16
2015-03-05	100	13.45	13.16	12.87	93180.39	0.26	2.02	3.19
2015-03-04	100	12.92	12.90	12.61	67075.44	0.20	1.57	2.30
2015-03-03	100	13.06	12.70	12.52	139071.61	0.18	1.44	4.76
2015-03-02	100	12.67	12.52	12.20	96291.73	0.32	2.62	3.30

643 rows × 8 columns

data.sort_values(by='high',ascending=False)#默认为True从小到大进行排序

	open	high	close	low	volume	price_change	p_change	turnover
2015-06-10	100	36.35	33.85	32.23	269033.12	0.51	1.53	9.21
2015-06-12	222	35.98	35.21	34.01	159825.88	0.82	2.38	5.47
2017-10-31	100	35.22	34.44	32.20	361660.88	2.38	7.42	9.05
2015-06-15	100	34.99	31.69	31.69	199369.53	-3.52	-10.00	6.82
2015-06-11	100	34.98	34.39	32.51	173075.73	0.54	1.59	5.92
...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
2015-03-05	100	13.45	13.16	12.87	93180.39	0.26	2.02	3.19
2015-09-07	100	13.38	12.77	12.63	52490.04	0.37	2.98	1.80
2015-03-03	100	13.06	12.70	12.52	139071.61	0.18	1.44	4.76
2015-03-04	100	12.92	12.90	12.61	67075.44	0.20	1.57	2.30
2015-03-02	100	12.67	12.52	12.20	96291.73	0.32	2.62	3.30

643 rows × 8 columns

#按多个字段进行排序
data.sort_values(by=['high','p_change'],ascending=False)#默认为True从小到大进行排序

	open	high	close	low	volume	price_change	p_change	turnover
2015-06-10	100	36.35	33.85	32.23	269033.12	0.51	1.53	9.21
2015-06-12	222	35.98	35.21	34.01	159825.88	0.82	2.38	5.47
2017-10-31	100	35.22	34.44	32.20	361660.88	2.38	7.42	9.05
2015-06-15	100	34.99	31.69	31.69	199369.53	-3.52	-10.00	6.82
2015-06-11	100	34.98	34.39	32.51	173075.73	0.54	1.59	5.92
...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
2015-03-05	100	13.45	13.16	12.87	93180.39	0.26	2.02	3.19
2015-09-07	100	13.38	12.77	12.63	52490.04	0.37	2.98	1.80
2015-03-03	100	13.06	12.70	12.52	139071.61	0.18	1.44	4.76
2015-03-04	100	12.92	12.90	12.61	67075.44	0.20	1.57	2.30
2015-03-02	100	12.67	12.52	12.20	96291.73	0.32	2.62	3.30

643 rows × 8 columns

#对索引进行排序

data

	open	high	close	low	volume	price_change	p_change	turnover
2015-06-10	100	36.35	33.85	32.23	269033.12	0.51	1.53	9.21
2015-06-12	222	35.98	35.21	34.01	159825.88	0.82	2.38	5.47
2017-10-31	100	35.22	34.44	32.20	361660.88	2.38	7.42	9.05
2015-06-15	100	34.99	31.69	31.69	199369.53	-3.52	-10.00	6.82
2015-06-11	100	34.98	34.39	32.51	173075.73	0.54	1.59	5.92
...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
2015-03-05	100	13.45	13.16	12.87	93180.39	0.26	2.02	3.19
2015-09-07	100	13.38	12.77	12.63	52490.04	0.37	2.98	1.80
2015-03-03	100	13.06	12.70	12.52	139071.61	0.18	1.44	4.76
2015-03-04	100	12.92	12.90	12.61	67075.44	0.20	1.57	2.30
2015-03-02	100	12.67	12.52	12.20	96291.73	0.32	2.62	3.30

643 rows × 8 columns

data.sort_index()#从小到大排

	open	high	close	low	volume	price_change	p_change	turnover
2015-03-02	100	12.67	12.52	12.20	96291.73	0.32	2.62	3.30
2015-03-03	100	13.06	12.70	12.52	139071.61	0.18	1.44	4.76
2015-03-04	100	12.92	12.90	12.61	67075.44	0.20	1.57	2.30
2015-03-05	100	13.45	13.16	12.87	93180.39	0.26	2.02	3.19
2015-03-06	100	14.48	14.28	13.13	179831.72	1.12	8.51	6.16
...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
2018-02-14	100	21.99	21.92	21.48	23331.04	0.44	2.05	0.58
2018-02-22	100	22.76	22.28	22.02	36105.01	0.36	1.64	0.90
2018-02-23	100	23.37	22.82	22.71	52914.01	0.54	2.42	1.32
2018-02-26	222	23.78	23.53	22.80	60985.11	0.69	3.02	1.53
2018-02-27	100	25.88	24.16	23.53	95578.03	0.63	2.68	2.39

643 rows × 8 columns

#Series的排序
sr = data["price_change"]

sr

2015-06-10    0.51
2015-06-12    0.82
2017-10-31    2.38
2015-06-15   -3.52
2015-06-11    0.54
              ... 
2015-03-05    0.26
2015-09-07    0.37
2015-03-03    0.18
2015-03-04    0.20
2015-03-02    0.32
Name: price_change, Length: 643, dtype: float64

sr.sort_values(ascending=False).head()

2015-06-09    3.03
2017-10-26    2.68
2015-05-21    2.57
2017-10-31    2.38
2017-06-22    2.36
Name: price_change, dtype: float64

sr.sort_index()

2015-03-02    0.32
2015-03-03    0.18
2015-03-04    0.20
2015-03-05    0.26
2015-03-06    1.12
              ... 
2018-02-14    0.44
2018-02-22    0.36
2018-02-23    0.54
2018-02-26    0.69
2018-02-27    0.63
Name: price_change, Length: 643, dtype: float64

DataFrame运算

#算术运算
data

	open	high	close	low	volume	price_change	p_change	turnover
2015-06-10	100	36.35	33.85	32.23	269033.12	0.51	1.53	9.21
2015-06-12	222	35.98	35.21	34.01	159825.88	0.82	2.38	5.47
2017-10-31	100	35.22	34.44	32.20	361660.88	2.38	7.42	9.05
2015-06-15	100	34.99	31.69	31.69	199369.53	-3.52	-10.00	6.82
2015-06-11	100	34.98	34.39	32.51	173075.73	0.54	1.59	5.92
...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
2015-03-05	100	13.45	13.16	12.87	93180.39	0.26	2.02	3.19
2015-09-07	100	13.38	12.77	12.63	52490.04	0.37	2.98	1.80
2015-03-03	100	13.06	12.70	12.52	139071.61	0.18	1.44	4.76
2015-03-04	100	12.92	12.90	12.61	67075.44	0.20	1.57	2.30
2015-03-02	100	12.67	12.52	12.20	96291.73	0.32	2.62	3.30

643 rows × 8 columns

data["open"].add(3).head()

2015-06-10    103
2015-06-12    225
2017-10-31    103
2015-06-15    103
2015-06-11    103
Name: open, dtype: int64

data+10

	open	high	close	low	volume	price_change	p_change	turnover
2015-06-10	110	46.35	43.85	42.23	269043.12	10.51	11.53	19.21
2015-06-12	232	45.98	45.21	44.01	159835.88	10.82	12.38	15.47
2017-10-31	110	45.22	44.44	42.20	361670.88	12.38	17.42	19.05
2015-06-15	110	44.99	41.69	41.69	199379.53	6.48	0.00	16.82
2015-06-11	110	44.98	44.39	42.51	173085.73	10.54	11.59	15.92
...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
2015-03-05	110	23.45	23.16	22.87	93190.39	10.26	12.02	13.19
2015-09-07	110	23.38	22.77	22.63	52500.04	10.37	12.98	11.80
2015-03-03	110	23.06	22.70	22.52	139081.61	10.18	11.44	14.76
2015-03-04	110	22.92	22.90	22.61	67085.44	10.20	11.57	12.30
2015-03-02	110	22.67	22.52	22.20	96301.73	10.32	12.62	13.30

643 rows × 8 columns

data.sub(100).head()

	open	high	close	low	volume	price_change	p_change	turnover
2015-06-10	0	-63.65	-66.15	-67.77	268933.12	-99.49	-98.47	-90.79
2015-06-12	122	-64.02	-64.79	-65.99	159725.88	-99.18	-97.62	-94.53
2017-10-31	0	-64.78	-65.56	-67.80	361560.88	-97.62	-92.58	-90.95
2015-06-15	0	-65.01	-68.31	-68.31	199269.53	-103.52	-110.00	-93.18
2015-06-11	0	-65.02	-65.61	-67.49	172975.73	-99.46	-98.41	-94.08

data["close"].sub(data["open"]).head()

2015-06-10    -66.15
2015-06-12   -186.79
2017-10-31    -65.56
2015-06-15    -68.31
2015-06-11    -65.61
dtype: float64

#逻辑运算(可进行布尔索引)
data["p_change"]>2

2015-06-10    False
2015-06-12     True
2017-10-31     True
2015-06-15    False
2015-06-11    False
              ...  
2015-03-05     True
2015-09-07     True
2015-03-03    False
2015-03-04    False
2015-03-02     True
Name: p_change, Length: 643, dtype: bool

data[data["p_change"]>2].head()

	open	high	close	low	volume	price_change	p_change	turnover
2015-06-12	222	35.98	35.21	34.01	159825.88	0.82	2.38	5.47
2017-10-31	100	35.22	34.44	32.20	361660.88	2.38	7.42	9.05
2015-06-16	100	33.48	32.35	29.61	153130.61	0.66	2.08	5.24
2015-06-09	100	33.34	33.34	30.46	204438.47	3.03	10.00	7.00
2017-10-27	100	33.20	33.11	31.45	333824.31	0.70	2.16	8.35

data[(data["p_change"]>2) &(data["low"]<15)]

	open	high	close	low	volume	price_change	p_change	turnover
2015-09-11	100	16.07	16.07	14.61	114900.25	1.46	9.99	3.93
2015-09-29	100	16.00	15.47	14.81	78247.20	0.38	2.52	2.68
2016-01-14	100	16.00	15.94	14.39	68228.87	0.70	4.59	2.34
2015-03-27	100	15.86	15.77	14.90	120352.13	0.84	5.63	4.12
2015-03-17	100	15.44	15.18	14.63	158770.77	0.31	2.08	5.43
2016-02-04	100	15.25	15.15	14.52	40090.40	0.67	4.63	1.37
2016-03-02	100	15.20	15.18	14.36	49128.62	0.77	5.34	1.68
2015-09-22	100	15.19	14.97	14.48	81399.43	0.44	3.03	2.79
2015-03-16	100	15.05	14.87	14.51	94468.30	0.40	2.76	3.23
2015-09-09	100	14.88	14.63	13.95	95082.47	0.77	5.56	3.25
2015-03-10	100	14.80	14.65	14.01	101213.51	0.34	2.38	3.46
2016-02-02	100	14.71	14.55	14.05	42175.52	0.46	3.27	1.44
2015-09-16	100	14.65	14.64	13.40	79799.99	1.32	9.91	2.73
2016-03-01	100	14.60	14.40	14.02	29640.23	0.38	2.71	1.01
2015-09-21	100	14.57	14.55	13.73	60466.03	0.54	3.85	2.07
2015-03-13	100	14.50	14.47	14.08	61342.22	0.36	2.55	2.10
2015-03-06	100	14.48	14.28	13.13	179831.72	1.12	8.51	6.16
2016-01-29	100	14.21	13.97	13.30	38279.97	0.40	2.95	1.31
2015-09-08	100	13.98	13.85	12.67	60627.79	1.09	8.54	2.08
2015-03-05	100	13.45	13.16	12.87	93180.39	0.26	2.02	3.19
2015-09-07	100	13.38	12.77	12.63	52490.04	0.37	2.98	1.80
2015-03-02	100	12.67	12.52	12.20	96291.73	0.32	2.62	3.30

#逻辑运算函数
data.query("p_change>2 & low<15").head()

	open	high	close	low	volume	price_change	p_change	turnover
2015-09-11	100	16.07	16.07	14.61	114900.25	1.46	9.99	3.93
2015-09-29	100	16.00	15.47	14.81	78247.20	0.38	2.52	2.68
2016-01-14	100	16.00	15.94	14.39	68228.87	0.70	4.59	2.34
2015-03-27	100	15.86	15.77	14.90	120352.13	0.84	5.63	4.12
2015-03-17	100	15.44	15.18	14.63	158770.77	0.31	2.08	5.43

data[data["turnover"].isin([4.19,2.39])]#判断是否存在

	open	high	close	low	volume	price_change	p_change	turnover
2018-02-27	100	25.88	24.16	23.53	95578.03	0.63	2.68	2.39
2017-07-25	100	24.20	23.70	22.64	167489.48	0.67	2.91	4.19
2016-09-28	100	20.98	20.86	19.71	95580.75	0.98	4.93	2.39
2015-04-07	100	17.98	17.54	16.50	122471.85	0.88	5.28	4.19

#统计运算
data

	open	high	close	low	volume	price_change	p_change	turnover
2015-06-10	100	36.35	33.85	32.23	269033.12	0.51	1.53	9.21
2015-06-12	222	35.98	35.21	34.01	159825.88	0.82	2.38	5.47
2017-10-31	100	35.22	34.44	32.20	361660.88	2.38	7.42	9.05
2015-06-15	100	34.99	31.69	31.69	199369.53	-3.52	-10.00	6.82
2015-06-11	100	34.98	34.39	32.51	173075.73	0.54	1.59	5.92
...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
2015-03-05	100	13.45	13.16	12.87	93180.39	0.26	2.02	3.19
2015-09-07	100	13.38	12.77	12.63	52490.04	0.37	2.98	1.80
2015-03-03	100	13.06	12.70	12.52	139071.61	0.18	1.44	4.76
2015-03-04	100	12.92	12.90	12.61	67075.44	0.20	1.57	2.30
2015-03-02	100	12.67	12.52	12.20	96291.73	0.32	2.62	3.30

643 rows × 8 columns

data.describe()

	open	high	close	low	volume	price_change	p_change	turnover
count	643.000000	643.000000	643.000000	643.000000	643.000000	643.000000	643.000000	643.000000
mean	100.379471	21.900513	21.336267	20.771835	99905.519114	0.018802	0.190280	2.936190
std	6.798778	4.077578	3.942806	3.791968	73879.119354	0.898476	4.079698	2.079375
min	100.000000	12.670000	12.360000	12.200000	1158.120000	-3.520000	-10.030000	0.040000
25%	100.000000	19.500000	19.045000	18.525000	48533.210000	-0.390000	-1.850000	1.360000
50%	100.000000	21.970000	21.450000	20.980000	83175.930000	0.050000	0.260000	2.500000
75%	100.000000	24.065000	23.415000	22.850000	127580.055000	0.455000	2.305000	3.915000
max	222.000000	36.350000	35.210000	34.010000	501915.410000	3.030000	10.030000	12.560000

data.max()

open               222.00
high                36.35
close               35.21
low                 34.01
volume          501915.41
price_change         3.03
p_change            10.03
turnover            12.56
dtype: float64

data.idxmax()

open            2015-06-12
high            2015-06-10
close           2015-06-12
low             2015-06-12
volume          2017-10-26
price_change    2015-06-09
p_change        2015-08-28
turnover        2017-10-26
dtype: object

#累计统计函数
data

	open	high	close	low	volume	price_change	p_change	turnover
2015-06-10	100	36.35	33.85	32.23	269033.12	0.51	1.53	9.21
2015-06-12	222	35.98	35.21	34.01	159825.88	0.82	2.38	5.47
2017-10-31	100	35.22	34.44	32.20	361660.88	2.38	7.42	9.05
2015-06-15	100	34.99	31.69	31.69	199369.53	-3.52	-10.00	6.82
2015-06-11	100	34.98	34.39	32.51	173075.73	0.54	1.59	5.92
...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
2015-03-05	100	13.45	13.16	12.87	93180.39	0.26	2.02	3.19
2015-09-07	100	13.38	12.77	12.63	52490.04	0.37	2.98	1.80
2015-03-03	100	13.06	12.70	12.52	139071.61	0.18	1.44	4.76
2015-03-04	100	12.92	12.90	12.61	67075.44	0.20	1.57	2.30
2015-03-02	100	12.67	12.52	12.20	96291.73	0.32	2.62	3.30

643 rows × 8 columns

data["p_change"].sort_index().cumsum()#累计和

2015-03-02      2.62
2015-03-03      4.06
2015-03-04      5.63
2015-03-05      7.65
2015-03-06     16.16
               ...  
2018-02-14    112.59
2018-02-22    114.23
2018-02-23    116.65
2018-02-26    119.67
2018-02-27    122.35
Name: p_change, Length: 643, dtype: float64

data["p_change"].sort_index().cumsum().plot()

<Axes: >

在这里插入图片描述

#自定义运算
data.apply(lambda x:x.max() - x.min())

open               122.00
high                23.68
close               22.85
low                 21.81
volume          500757.29
price_change         6.55
p_change            20.06
turnover            12.52
dtype: float64

data["open"].max()-data["open"].min()

#Pandas画图
data

	open	high	close	low	volume	price_change	p_change	turnover
2015-06-10	100	36.35	33.85	32.23	269033.12	0.51	1.53	9.21
2015-06-12	222	35.98	35.21	34.01	159825.88	0.82	2.38	5.47
2017-10-31	100	35.22	34.44	32.20	361660.88	2.38	7.42	9.05
2015-06-15	100	34.99	31.69	31.69	199369.53	-3.52	-10.00	6.82
2015-06-11	100	34.98	34.39	32.51	173075.73	0.54	1.59	5.92
...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
2015-03-05	100	13.45	13.16	12.87	93180.39	0.26	2.02	3.19
2015-09-07	100	13.38	12.77	12.63	52490.04	0.37	2.98	1.80
2015-03-03	100	13.06	12.70	12.52	139071.61	0.18	1.44	4.76
2015-03-04	100	12.92	12.90	12.61	67075.44	0.20	1.57	2.30
2015-03-02	100	12.67	12.52	12.20	96291.73	0.32	2.62	3.30

643 rows × 8 columns

data.plot(x="volume",y="turnover",kind="scatter")#kind默认为"lines"折线图

<Axes: xlabel='volume', ylabel='turnover'>

在这里插入图片描述

Pandas文件操作

#读取和存储csv文件
pd.read_csv("./stock_day/stock_day.csv",usecols=["high","low","open","close"]).head()

	open	high	close	low
2018-02-27	23.53	25.88	24.16	23.53
2018-02-26	22.80	23.78	23.53	22.80
2018-02-23	22.88	23.37	22.82	22.71
2018-02-22	22.25	22.76	22.28	22.02
2018-02-14	21.49	21.99	21.92	21.48

pd.read_csv("stock_day2.csv")#如果文件中为纯数据，则需要加入字段names参数

	2018-02-27	23.53	25.88	24.16	23.53.1	95578.03	0.63	2.68	22.942	22.142	22.875	53782.64	46738.65	55576.11	2.39
0	2018-02-26	22.80	23.78	23.53	22.80	60985.11	0.69	3.02	22.406	21.955	22.942	40827.52	42736.34	56007.50	1.53
1	2018-02-23	22.88	23.37	22.82	22.71	52914.01	0.54	2.42	21.938	21.929	23.022	35119.58	41871.97	56372.85	1.32
2	2018-02-22	22.25	22.76	22.28	22.02	36105.01	0.36	1.64	21.446	21.909	23.137	35397.58	39904.78	60149.60	0.90
3	2018-02-14	21.49	21.99	21.92	21.48	23331.04	0.44	2.05	21.366	21.923	23.253	33590.21	42935.74	61716.11	0.58
4	2018-02-13	21.40	21.90	21.48	21.31	30802.45	0.28	1.32	21.342	22.103	23.387	39694.65	45518.14	65161.68	0.77
...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
637	2015-03-06	13.17	14.48	14.28	13.13	179831.72	1.12	8.51	13.112	13.112	13.112	115090.18	115090.18	115090.18	6.16
638	2015-03-05	12.88	13.45	13.16	12.87	93180.39	0.26	2.02	12.820	12.820	12.820	98904.79	98904.79	98904.79	3.19
639	2015-03-04	12.80	12.92	12.90	12.61	67075.44	0.20	1.57	12.707	12.707	12.707	100812.93	100812.93	100812.93	2.30
640	2015-03-03	12.52	13.06	12.70	12.52	139071.61	0.18	1.44	12.610	12.610	12.610	117681.67	117681.67	117681.67	4.76
641	2015-03-02	12.25	12.67	12.52	12.20	96291.73	0.32	2.62	12.520	12.520	12.520	96291.73	96291.73	96291.73	3.30

642 rows × 15 columns

pd.read_csv("stock_day2.csv",names=["open", "high", "close", "low", "volume", "price_change", "p_change", "ma5", "ma10", "ma20", "v_ma5", "v_ma10", "v_ma20", "turnover"])

	open	high	close	low	volume	price_change	p_change	ma5	ma10	ma20	v_ma5	v_ma10	v_ma20	turnover
2018-02-27	23.53	25.88	24.16	23.53	95578.03	0.63	2.68	22.942	22.142	22.875	53782.64	46738.65	55576.11	2.39
2018-02-26	22.80	23.78	23.53	22.80	60985.11	0.69	3.02	22.406	21.955	22.942	40827.52	42736.34	56007.50	1.53
2018-02-23	22.88	23.37	22.82	22.71	52914.01	0.54	2.42	21.938	21.929	23.022	35119.58	41871.97	56372.85	1.32
2018-02-22	22.25	22.76	22.28	22.02	36105.01	0.36	1.64	21.446	21.909	23.137	35397.58	39904.78	60149.60	0.90
2018-02-14	21.49	21.99	21.92	21.48	23331.04	0.44	2.05	21.366	21.923	23.253	33590.21	42935.74	61716.11	0.58
...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
2015-03-06	13.17	14.48	14.28	13.13	179831.72	1.12	8.51	13.112	13.112	13.112	115090.18	115090.18	115090.18	6.16
2015-03-05	12.88	13.45	13.16	12.87	93180.39	0.26	2.02	12.820	12.820	12.820	98904.79	98904.79	98904.79	3.19
2015-03-04	12.80	12.92	12.90	12.61	67075.44	0.20	1.57	12.707	12.707	12.707	100812.93	100812.93	100812.93	2.30
2015-03-03	12.52	13.06	12.70	12.52	139071.61	0.18	1.44	12.610	12.610	12.610	117681.67	117681.67	117681.67	4.76
2015-03-02	12.25	12.67	12.52	12.20	96291.73	0.32	2.62	12.520	12.520	12.520	96291.73	96291.73	96291.73	3.30

643 rows × 14 columns

#存储csv文件 保存open列数据
data[:10].to_csv("test.csv",columns=["open"],index=False,mode='a',header=False)#不保存行索引,header不保存列索引

pd.read_csv(“test.csv”)

#hdf5文件

import pandas as pd
#HDF5文件的读取和存储二进制文件
#:读取和存储一般需要指定一个键，值即为要存储的DataFrame 相当于存入一个三维数组，每一个键都是一个二维
day_close=pd.read_hdf(“./stock_data/day/day_close.h5”)
day_close.to_hdf(“test.h5”,key=“close”)pd.read_hdf(“test.h5”,key=“close”)day_open = pd.read_hdf(“./stock_data/day/day_open.h5”)day_open.to_hdf(“test.h5”,key=“open”)

#json文件的读取和存储(前后端交互时)
sa =pd.read_json("Sarcasm_Headlines_Dataset.json", orient="records", lines=True)#读取展示格式，以及是否以行为一组数据默认为False

sa

	article_link	headline	is_sarcastic
0	https://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/versace-b...	former versace store clerk sues over secret 'b...	0
1	https://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/roseanne-...	the 'roseanne' revival catches up to our thorn...	0
2	https://local.theonion.com/mom-starting-to-fea...	mom starting to fear son's web series closest ...	1
3	https://politics.theonion.com/boehner-just-wan...	boehner just wants wife to listen, not come up...	1
4	https://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/jk-rowlin...	j.k. rowling wishes snape happy birthday in th...	0
...	...	...	...
26704	https://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/american-...	american politics in moral free-fall	0
26705	https://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/americas-...	america's best 20 hikes	0
26706	https://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/reparatio...	reparations and obama	0
26707	https://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/israeli-b...	israeli ban targeting boycott supporters raise...	0
26708	https://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/gourmet-g...	gourmet gifts for the foodie 2014	0

26709 rows × 3 columns

sa.to_json("test.json",orient="records",lines=True)

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数据挖掘3.Pandas基础数据处理

:读取和存储一般需要指定一个键，值即为要存储的DataFrame 相当于存入一个三维数组，每一个键都是一个二维。#HDF5文件的读取和存储二进制文件。#赋值操作 data。#算术运算 data。#统计运算 data。
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