单片机中断编程入门

最新推荐文章于 2024-09-05 17:19:11 发布

Seele Vollerei❀

最新推荐文章于 2024-09-05 17:19:11 发布

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文章标签：单片机 stm32 嵌入式硬件

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/m0_74127639/article/details/139048731

版权

一、中断系统介绍

1.中断流程

中断处理流程：中断请求、中断响应、中断服务和中断返回

2.STM32外部中断EXT

EXTI（External interrupt/event controller，外部中断/事件控制器）支持19个外部中断/事件请求，每个中断/事件都有独立的触发和屏蔽设置，具有中断模式和事件模式两种设置模式。

二、实验项目

1）用stm32F103核心板的GPIOA端一管脚接一个LED，GPIOB端口一引脚接一个开关（用杜邦线模拟代替）。采用中断模式编程，当开关接高电平时，LED亮灯；接低电平时，LED灭灯。如果完成后，尝试在main函数while循环中加入一个串口每隔1s 发送一次字符的代码片段，观察按键中断对串口发送是否会带来干扰或延迟。

代码：

main.c

#include "stm32f10x.h"

#include "led.h"
#include "exti_key.h"

int main(void)
{
    LED_Init();
    GPIO_ResetBits(GPIOB,GPIO_Pin_5);
		EXTI_Key_Init();
    while(1)
    {
			
    }
  }
void EXTI3_IRQHandler(void)
{
    if(EXTI_GetITStatus(EXTI_Line3) != RESET)
    {
        GPIO_WriteBit(GPIOB,GPIO_Pin_5,(BitAction)((1-GPIO_ReadOutputDataBit(GPIOB,GPIO_Pin_5))));
        EXTI_ClearITPendingBit(EXTI_Line3);
    }
}

exti_key.c

#include "exti_key.h"
#include "misc.h"

void EXTI_Key_Init(void)
{	
    GPIO_InitTypeDef GPIO_InitStructure;
    RCC_APB2PeriphClockCmd(RCC_APB2Periph_GPIOE|RCC_APB2Periph_AFIO,ENABLE);
    GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Pin = GPIO_Pin_3;
    GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Mode = GPIO_Mode_IN_FLOATING;
    GPIO_Init(GPIOE,&GPIO_InitStructure);
    NVIC_InitTypeDef NVIC_InitStructure;
    NVIC_PriorityGroupConfig(NVIC_PriorityGroup_2);
    NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannel = EXTI3_IRQn;
    NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelPreemptionPriority = 0;
    NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelSubPriority = 1;
    NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelCmd = ENABLE;
    NVIC_Init(&NVIC_InitStructure); 
    EXTI_InitTypeDef EXTI_InitStructure;
    EXTI_ClearITPendingBit(EXTI_Line3);  
		GPIO_EXTILineConfig(GPIO_PortSourceGPIOA,GPIO_PinSource3);
    EXTI_InitStructure.EXTI_Line = EXTI_Line3;
    EXTI_InitStructure.EXTI_Mode = EXTI_Mode_Interrupt;
    EXTI_InitStructure.EXTI_Trigger = EXTI_Trigger_Falling;
    EXTI_InitStructure.EXTI_LineCmd = ENABLE;
    EXTI_Init(&EXTI_InitStructure);
}

exti_key.h

#ifndef __EXTI_KEY_H
#define __EXTI_KEY_H
#include "stm32f10x.h"
void EXTI_Key_Init(void);
#endif

结果：

2）采用串口中断方式重做上周查询方式的串口通信作业，分别实现：

（1）当stm32接收到1个字符“s”时，停止持续发送“hello windows!”; 当接收到1个字符“t”时，持续发送“hello windows!”（提示：采用一个全局标量做信号灯）；

代码：

#include "stm32f10x.h"                 
int send=0;//?????


 
void Delay(__IO uint32_t nCount) {
    for(; nCount != 0; nCount--);
}
void hellowindows()
{
	if(send==1)
	{
	int i;
	char a [14]={'h','e','l','l','o','w','i','n','d','o','w','s','!',' '};
	for (i = 0; i < 14; i++)
	{
	USART_SendData(USART1,a[i]);
	while (USART_GetFlagStatus(USART1, USART_FLAG_TXE) == RESET);
	}
	Delay(1);
  }
}
void USART1_IRQHandler(void)
{
   if(USART_GetITStatus(USART1, USART_IT_RXNE) != RESET)
    {
        uint8_t receivedChar = USART_ReceiveData(USART1);
        
        if (receivedChar == 's')
        {
            send = 0;
        }
        else if (receivedChar == 't')
        {
            send = 1;
        }
    }   
}
int main(void)
{
	USART_InitTypeDef USART_InitStructure;
     // 1,????---GPIOA(??1),AFIO
	RCC_APB2PeriphClockCmd(RCC_APB2Periph_USART1|RCC_APB2Periph_GPIOA,ENABLE);
	 // 2,GPIO???
  GPIO_InitTypeDef GPIO_InitStructure;
  GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Pin  =GPIO_Pin_9;
  GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Speed=GPIO_Speed_50MHz; 
  GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Mode =GPIO_Mode_AF_PP;
  GPIO_Init(GPIOA,&GPIO_InitStructure );
    
  GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Pin = GPIO_Pin_10;
  GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Mode=GPIO_Mode_IN_FLOATING;
  GPIO_Init(GPIOA,&GPIO_InitStructure);
	// 3,?????
	USART_InitStructure.USART_BaudRate = 9600;
	USART_InitStructure.USART_WordLength= USART_WordLength_8b;
	USART_InitStructure.USART_StopBits= USART_StopBits_1;
	USART_InitStructure.USART_Parity = USART_Parity_No;
	USART_InitStructure.USART_Mode=USART_Mode_Tx|USART_Mode_Rx;
	USART_InitStructure.USART_HardwareFlowControl=USART_HardwareFlowControl_None;
	USART_Init(USART1, &USART_InitStructure);
    USART_ClearFlag(USART1, USART_FLAG_TC);
    // ?????
    USART_ITConfig(USART1, USART_IT_RXNE, ENABLE);//?USART??????????,???USART??
	
	// 4.??????????????????????
		NVIC_InitTypeDef  NVIC_InitStructure;
		NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannel = USART1_IRQn;      
		NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelPreemptionPriority=3; //????(?)???    
		NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelSubPriority =3;      // ??????   
		NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelCmd = ENABLE;             
		NVIC_Init(&NVIC_InitStructure);    
    // 5,????
		USART_Cmd(USART1, ENABLE);
	while(1)
	{
		hellowindows();
	}
}

结果：

（2）当stm32接收到字符“stop stm32!”时，停止持续发送“hello windows!”; 当接收到字符“go stm32!”时，持续发送“hello windows!”(提示：要将接收到的连续字符保存到一个字符数组里，进行判别匹配。写一个接收字符串的函数。

代码：

#include "stm32f10x.h"                 
int send=0;//????,????
int count=0;//????,???????????
char  data[100];//?????
void Delay(__IO uint32_t nCount) {
    for(; nCount != 0; nCount--);
}
void  receive_data_init()//????????
{
	count=0;
	for(int i=0;i<11;i++)
	{
		data[i]=0;
	}
}
void hellowindows()
{
	if(send==1)
	{
	int i;
	char a [14]={'h','e','l','l','o','w','i','n','d','o','w','s','!',' '};
	for (i = 0; i < 14; i++)
	{
	USART_SendData(USART1,a[i]);
	while (USART_GetFlagStatus(USART1, USART_FLAG_TXE) == RESET);
	}
	Delay(100000);
  }
}
void USART1_IRQHandler(void)
{
   if(USART_GetITStatus(USART1, USART_IT_RXNE) != RESET)
    {
       data[count]= USART_ReceiveData(USART1);
				count++;
    } 

	}
int main(void)
{
	USART_InitTypeDef USART_InitStructure;
	RCC_APB2PeriphClockCmd(RCC_APB2Periph_USART1|RCC_APB2Periph_GPIOA,ENABLE);
  GPIO_InitTypeDef GPIO_InitStructure;
  GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Pin  =GPIO_Pin_9;
  GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Speed=GPIO_Speed_50MHz; 
  GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Mode =GPIO_Mode_AF_PP;
  GPIO_Init(GPIOA,&GPIO_InitStructure );
    
  GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Pin = GPIO_Pin_10;
  GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Mode=GPIO_Mode_IN_FLOATING;
  GPIO_Init(GPIOA,&GPIO_InitStructure);
	USART_InitStructure.USART_BaudRate = 9600;
	USART_InitStructure.USART_WordLength= USART_WordLength_8b;
	USART_InitStructure.USART_StopBits= USART_StopBits_1;
	USART_InitStructure.USART_Parity = USART_Parity_No;
	USART_InitStructure.USART_Mode=USART_Mode_Tx|USART_Mode_Rx;
	USART_InitStructure.USART_HardwareFlowControl=USART_HardwareFlowControl_None;
	USART_Init(USART1, &USART_InitStructure);
    USART_ClearFlag(USART1, USART_FLAG_TC);
    // ?????
    USART_ITConfig(USART1, USART_IT_RXNE, ENABLE);//?USART??????????,???USART??
	
	// 4.??????????????????????
		NVIC_InitTypeDef  NVIC_InitStructure;
		NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannel = USART1_IRQn;      
		NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelPreemptionPriority=3; //????(?)???    
		NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelSubPriority =3;      // ??????   
		NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelCmd = ENABLE;             
		NVIC_Init(&NVIC_InitStructure);    
    // 5,????
		USART_Cmd(USART1, ENABLE);
    //-----------------------------------------------(??)---------------------------------------------------
    
		receive_data_init();//????????
	while(1)
	{
		hellowindows();
					if(strcmp(data,"stop stm32!")==0)
				{
            			send = 0;
						receive_data_init();
					
        }
				else	if(strcmp(data,"go stm32!")==0)
				{
            			send = 0;
						receive_data_init();
					
        }							
				else	if(strcmp(data,"go stm32!")==0)
				{
            			send = 0;
						receive_data_init();
					
        }
					
        
	}
}

结果：