目的:当当网(青春爱情文学类)爬取实现yield方法,管道封装,多条管道下 载,多页数据下载
1.自定义文件 dang.py
import scrapy
from scrapy_095_ddw.items import Scrapy095DdwItem
class DangSpider(scrapy.Spider):
name = "dang"
#多页下载 allowed_domains一般情况下只写域名
allowed_domains = ["category.dangdang.com"]
start_urls = ["http://category.dangdang.com/cp01.01.02.00.00.00.html"]
base_url = 'http://category.dangdang.com/pg'
page = 1
def parse(self, response):
#pipelines 下载数据
#items 定义数据结构
#src = //ul[@class="bigimg"]/li//img/@src 图片反爬懒加载
#src = //ul[@class="bigimg"]/li//img/@data-original
#alt = //ul[@class="bigimg"]/li//img/@alt
#price = //ul[@class="bigimg"]/li//p[@class="price"]/span[1]/text()
#所有的seletor的对象 都可以再次调用xpath方法
li_list = response.xpath('//ul[@class="bigimg"]/li')
for li in li_list:
src = li.xpath('.//img/@data-original').extract_first()
#第一张图片的src与后面的不同,可以使用 其他的为data-original
if src:
src = src
else:
src = li.xpath('.//img/@src').extract_first()
name = li.xpath('.//img/@alt').extract_first()
price = li.xpath('.//p[@class="price"]/span[1]/text()').extract_first()
book = Scrapy095DdwItem(src=src,name=name,price=price)
#获取一个book就将book交给pipelines
yield book
#每一页爬取的业务逻辑一样,故只需要将执行的那个页的请求再次调用parse方法即可
#http://category.dangdang.com/pg2-cp01.01.02.00.00.00.html
#http://category.dangdang.com/pg3-cp01.01.02.00.00.00.html
if self.page < 100:
self.page = self.page + 1
url = self.base_url + str(self.page) + '-cp01.01.02.00.00.00.html'
#如何调用parse
#scrapy.Request为scrapy的get请求
#url为请求地址
#callback为要执行的函数
yield scrapy.Request(url=url,callback=self.parse)
2 管道 pipelines.py
import scrapy
from scrapy_095_ddw.items import Scrapy095DdwItem
class DangSpider(scrapy.Spider):
name = "dang"
#多页下载 allowed_domains一般情况下只写域名
allowed_domains = ["category.dangdang.com"]
start_urls = ["http://category.dangdang.com/cp01.01.02.00.00.00.html"]
base_url = 'http://category.dangdang.com/pg'
page = 1
def parse(self, response):
#pipelines 下载数据
#items 定义数据结构
#src = //ul[@class="bigimg"]/li//img/@src 图片反爬懒加载
#src = //ul[@class="bigimg"]/li//img/@data-original
#alt = //ul[@class="bigimg"]/li//img/@alt
#price = //ul[@class="bigimg"]/li//p[@class="price"]/span[1]/text()
#所有的seletor的对象 都可以再次调用xpath方法
li_list = response.xpath('//ul[@class="bigimg"]/li')
for li in li_list:
src = li.xpath('.//img/@data-original').extract_first()
#第一张图片的src与后面的不同,可以使用 其他的为data-original
if src:
src = src
else:
src = li.xpath('.//img/@src').extract_first()
name = li.xpath('.//img/@alt').extract_first()
price = li.xpath('.//p[@class="price"]/span[1]/text()').extract_first()
book = Scrapy095DdwItem(src=src,name=name,price=price)
#获取一个book就将book交给pipelines
yield book
#每一页爬取的业务逻辑一样,故只需要将执行的那个页的请求再次调用parse方法即可
#http://category.dangdang.com/pg2-cp01.01.02.00.00.00.html
#http://category.dangdang.com/pg3-cp01.01.02.00.00.00.html
if self.page < 100:
self.page = self.page + 1
url = self.base_url + str(self.page) + '-cp01.01.02.00.00.00.html'
#如何调用parse
#scrapy.Request为scrapy的get请求
#url为请求地址
#callback为要执行的函数
yield scrapy.Request(url=url,callback=self.parse)
3 items.py
# Define here the models for your scraped items
#
# See documentation in:
# https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/items.html
import scrapy
class Scrapy095DdwItem(scrapy.Item):
# define the fields for your item here like:
# name = scrapy.Field()
#通俗而言 即为下载的数据
#图片
src = scrapy.Field()
#名称
name = scrapy.Field()
#价格
price = scrapy.Field()
pass
4 settings
# Scrapy settings for scrapy_095_ddw project
#
# For simplicity, this file contains only settings considered important or
# commonly used. You can find more settings consulting the documentation:
#
# https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/settings.html
# https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html
# https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/spider-middleware.html
BOT_NAME = "scrapy_095_ddw"
SPIDER_MODULES = ["scrapy_095_ddw.spiders"]
NEWSPIDER_MODULE = "scrapy_095_ddw.spiders"
# Crawl responsibly by identifying yourself (and your website) on the user-agent
#USER_AGENT = "scrapy_095_ddw (+http://www.yourdomain.com)"
# Obey robots.txt rules
ROBOTSTXT_OBEY = True
# Configure maximum concurrent requests performed by Scrapy (default: 16)
#CONCURRENT_REQUESTS = 32
# Configure a delay for requests for the same website (default: 0)
# See https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/settings.html#download-delay
# See also autothrottle settings and docs
#DOWNLOAD_DELAY = 3
# The download delay setting will honor only one of:
#CONCURRENT_REQUESTS_PER_DOMAIN = 16
#CONCURRENT_REQUESTS_PER_IP = 16
# Disable cookies (enabled by default)
#COOKIES_ENABLED = False
# Disable Telnet Console (enabled by default)
#TELNETCONSOLE_ENABLED = False
# Override the default request headers:
#DEFAULT_REQUEST_HEADERS = {
# "Accept": "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8",
# "Accept-Language": "en",
#}
# Enable or disable spider middlewares
# See https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/spider-middleware.html
#SPIDER_MIDDLEWARES = {
# "scrapy_095_ddw.middlewares.Scrapy095DdwSpiderMiddleware": 543,
#}
# Enable or disable downloader middlewares
# See https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html
#DOWNLOADER_MIDDLEWARES = {
# "scrapy_095_ddw.middlewares.Scrapy095DdwDownloaderMiddleware": 543,
#}
# Enable or disable extensions
# See https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/extensions.html
#EXTENSIONS = {
# "scrapy.extensions.telnet.TelnetConsole": None,
#}
# Configure item pipelines
# See https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/item-pipeline.html
#管道可以有很多个 那么管道是有优先值的 优先值的范围是1到1000 值越小优先级越高
ITEM_PIPELINES = {
"scrapy_095_ddw.pipelines.Scrapy095DdwPipeline": 300,
"scrapy_095_ddw.pipelines.dangdangloadPipeline": 301,
}
# Enable and configure the AutoThrottle extension (disabled by default)
# See https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/autothrottle.html
#AUTOTHROTTLE_ENABLED = True
# The initial download delay
#AUTOTHROTTLE_START_DELAY = 5
# The maximum download delay to be set in case of high latencies
#AUTOTHROTTLE_MAX_DELAY = 60
# The average number of requests Scrapy should be sending in parallel to
# each remote server
#AUTOTHROTTLE_TARGET_CONCURRENCY = 1.0
# Enable showing throttling stats for every response received:
#AUTOTHROTTLE_DEBUG = False
# Enable and configure HTTP caching (disabled by default)
# See https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html#httpcache-middleware-settings
#HTTPCACHE_ENABLED = True
#HTTPCACHE_EXPIRATION_SECS = 0
#HTTPCACHE_DIR = "httpcache"
#HTTPCACHE_IGNORE_HTTP_CODES = []
#HTTPCACHE_STORAGE = "scrapy.extensions.httpcache.FilesystemCacheStorage"
# Set settings whose default value is deprecated to a future-proof value
REQUEST_FINGERPRINTER_IMPLEMENTATION = "2.7"
TWISTED_REACTOR = "twisted.internet.asyncioreactor.AsyncioSelectorReactor"
FEED_EXPORT_ENCODING = "utf-8"
【注】使用urllib.request.urlretrieve下载图片时,先在spiders目录下创建一个文件夹books用以存储图片
框架示意:
运行结果部分截图: