实验流程
# 1.地址划分
划分 192.168.1.0/24
划分思路:
主机位借三位(八个网段):
192.168.1.0/27
192.168.1.32/27
AR1环回:192.168.1.32/28 192.168.1.48/28
192.168.1.64/27
AR2环回:192.168.1.64/28 192.168.1.80/28
192.168.1.96/27(DHCP)
192.168.1.128/27
AR4环回:192.168.1.128/28 192.168.1.144/28
192.168.1.160/27(AR7)
192.168.1.192/27(保留)
192.168.1.224/27(保留)
一共有6个主干,将192.168.1.0/27划分,借主机位3位,得到8个网段:
192.168.1.0/30(AR1-AR2)
192.168.1.4/30(AR1-AR3)
192.168.1.8/30(AR2-AR4)
192.168.1.12/30(AR3-AR4)
192.168.1.16/30(AR4-AR5)1000M
192.168.1.20/30(AR4-AR5)100M
192.168.1.24/30(保留)
192.168.1.28/30(保留)
配置如图:
#2.配置地址
AR1:
[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 192.168.1.1 30
[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 192.168.1.5 30
AR2:
[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 192.168.1.2 30
[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 192.168.1.9 30
AR3:
[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 192.168.1.6 30
[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 192.168.1.13 30
[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]ip address 192.168.1.97 27
AR4:
[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 192.168.1.10 30
[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 192.168.1.14 30
[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]ip address 192.168.1.17 30
[Huawei-GigabitEthernet4/0/0]ip address 192.168.1.21 30
AR5:
[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 192.168.1.18 30
[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]ip address 192.168.1.22 30
[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 12.0.0.1 24
AR6:
[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 12.0.0.2 24
#3.配置环回地址
AR1:
Huawei]interface LoopBack 0
[Huawei-LoopBack0]ip address 192.168.1.32 28
[Huawei]interface LoopBack 1
[Huawei-LoopBack1]ip address 192.168.1.48 28
AR2:
Huawei]interface LoopBack 0
[Huawei-LoopBack0]ip address 192.168.1.65 28
[Huawei]interface LoopBack 1
[Huawei-LoopBack1]ip address 192.168.1.81 28
AR4:
[Huawei]interface LoopBack 0
[Huawei-LoopBack0]ip address 192.168.1.128 28
[Huawei]interface LoopBack 1
[Huawei-LoopBack1]ip address 192.168.1.144 28
AR5:
[Huawei]interface LoopBack 0
[Huawei-LoopBack0]ip address 192.168.1.160 27
AR6:
[Huawei]interface LoopBack 0
[Huawei-LoopBack0]ip address 1.1.1.0 24
#4.AR3中开启DHCP服务
[Huawei]dhcp enable
[Huawei]ip pool aa
Info: It's successful to create an IP address pool.
[Huawei-ip-pool-aa]network 192.168.1.96 mask 27
[Huawei-ip-pool-aa]gateway-list 192.168.1.97
[Huawei-ip-pool-aa]dns-list 8.8.8.8
[Huawei]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/2
[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]dhcp select global
#5.写路由
AR1:
[Huawei]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.2
[Huawei]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 192.168.1.6
[Huawei]ip route-static 192.168.1.12 30 192.168.1.6
AR2:
[Huawei]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.10
[Huawei]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 192.168.1.1
[Huawei]ip route-static 192.168.1.4 30 192.168.1.1
AR3:
[Huawei]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.14
[Huawei]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 192.168.1.5
[Huawei]ip route-static 192.168.1.0 30 192.168.1.5
AR4:
[Huawei]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.18
[Huawei]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.22 preference 70(修改接口优先级)
[Huawei]ip route-static 192.168.1.0 30 192.168.1.9
[Huawei]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 192.168.1.9
[Huawei]ip route-static 192.168.1.4 30 192.168.1.13
[Huawei]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 192.168.1.13
[Huawei]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 192.168.1.13
AR5:
可以将R5左边的汇总成192.168.1.0/24,节省路由项(因为按照最长掩码匹配规则,R5会优先匹配掩码长的路由,其次才会匹配192.168.1.0/24)
写一条缺省路由指往ISP
R5也写一条浮动静态路由,设置的优先级与R4保持一致
[Huawei]ip route-static 192.168.1.0 24 192.168.1.17
[Huawei]ip route-static 192.168.1.0 24 192.168.1.21 preference 70
[Huawei]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 12.0.0.2(缺省路由通向ISP)
测试:AR1pingAR6
#6.配置空接口
当汇总地址和缺省路由同时存在,容易存在路由黑洞,形成环路,而配置空接口就可以避免此类环产生。
在划分IP时,我们保留了部分IP,也就是192.168.1.24/30 、192.168.1.28/30 、192.168.1.192/27 、192.168.1.224/27 这四个网段。如果用 R1 等去ping这些保留IP,也就是黑洞路由,则会在R4和R5之间形成环路,所以我们需要在R5上配置这四个网段的空接口防环。
[Huawei]ip route-static 192.168.1.24 30 NULL 0
[Huawei]ip route-static 192.168.1.28 30 NULL 0
[Huawei]ip route-static 192.168.1.192 27 NULL 0
[Huawei]ip route-static 192.168.1.224 27 NULL 0
#7.配置NAPT
因为ISP仅做了接口IP配置,所以为了全网可通,在R5的g0/0/2上做NAPT的配置。
[Huawei]acl 2000
[Huawei-acl-basic-2000]rule permit source 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255
[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]nat outbound 2000(接口调用)
#8.R1上开启Telnet服务,并在R5上做端口映射
要让 R6 Telnet R5 时,实际访问的是 R1 ,需要先在R1上开启Telnet
[Huawei]user-interface vty 0 4
[Huawei-ui-vty0-4]authentication-mode aaa
[Huawei]aaa
[Huawei-aaa]local-user huawei password cipher 123456
[Huawei-aaa]local-user huawei privilege level 15
[Huawei-aaa]local-user huawei service-type telnet
在 R5 的 g 0/0/1 接口做端口映射
[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]nat server protocol tcp global current-interface 23 inside 192.168.1.1 telnet
测试: