C++——多态案例一,计算器

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
#include<string>

//分别利用普通写法和多态技术实现计算器

//普通写法
class Calculator
{
public:

	int getResult(string oper)
	{
		if (oper == "+")
		{
			return m_Num1 + m_Num2;
		}
		else if (oper == "-")
		{
			return m_Num1 - m_Num2;
		}
		else if (oper == "*")
		{
			return m_Num1 * m_Num2;
		}
		//如果想扩展新的功能,需要修改源码
		//在真实开发中 提倡开闭原则
		//开闭原则:对扩展进行开发,对修改进行关闭
	}

	int m_Num1;
	int m_Num2;
};	

void test01()
{
	//创建计算器对象
	Calculator c;
	c.m_Num1 = 10;
	c.m_Num2 = 10;

	cout << c.m_Num1 << "+" << c.m_Num2 << "=" << c.getResult("+") << endl;
	cout << c.m_Num1 << "-" << c.m_Num2 << "=" << c.getResult("-") << endl;
	cout << c.m_Num1 << "*" << c.m_Num2 << "=" << c.getResult("*") << endl;

}

//利用多态实现计算器
//多态好处:
//1.组织结构清晰
//2.可读性强
//3.对于前期和后期扩展以及维护性高
// 
//实现计算器抽象类
class AbstractCalculator
{
public:
	virtual int getResult()
	{
		return 0;
	}
	
	int m_Num1;
	int m_Num2;
};

//加法计算器类
class AddCalculator :public AbstractCalculator
{
public:

	int getResult()
	{
		return m_Num1+m_Num2;
	}
};

//减法计算器类
class SubCalculator :public AbstractCalculator
{
public:

	int getResult()
	{
		return m_Num1 - m_Num2;
	}
};

//乘法计算器类
class MulCalculator :public AbstractCalculator
{
public:

	int getResult()
	{
		return m_Num1 * m_Num2;
	}
};

void test02()
{
	//多态使用条件
	//父类指针或引用指向子类对象

	//加法运算
	AbstractCalculator* abc = new AddCalculator;//new相当于创建了加法计算器对象

	//创建一个AbstractCalculator类型指针-abc,然后new了一个AddCalculator类型的对象
	//这个类型的对象就只接收这个类型函数
	//注:在c++中子类指针可以隐性转化为父类指针
	abc->m_Num1 = 10;
	abc->m_Num2 = 10;

	cout << abc->m_Num1 << "+" << abc->m_Num2 << "=" << abc->getResult() << endl;
	//用完记得销毁
	delete abc;  

	//减法运算
	abc = new SubCalculator;//abc前不用加数据类型的原因是因为什上面已经定义了
	//delete销毁,只是把堆区数据释放而已,指针的类型还没变
	abc->m_Num1 = 100;
	abc->m_Num2 = 100;

	cout << abc->m_Num1 << "-" << abc->m_Num2 << "=" << abc->getResult() << endl;
	delete abc;

	//乘法运算
	abc = new MulCalculator;
	abc->m_Num1 = 100;
	abc->m_Num2 = 100;

	cout << abc->m_Num1 << "*" << abc->m_Num2 << "=" << abc->getResult() << endl;
	delete abc;
}

int main()
{
	test01();

	system("pause");
	return 0;
}

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