QGraphicsView 实例1飞舞的蝴蝶

通过一个能够上下飞舞的蝴蝶的例子来介绍如何自定义QGraphicsItem，以及如何使用定时器来实现QGraphicsItem动画效果

butterfly.h

#ifndef BUTTERFLY_H
#define BUTTERFLY_H

#include <QObject>
#include <QGraphicsItem>
#include <QGraphicsScene>
#include <QGraphicsView>
#include <QPainter>
class Butterfly : public QObject,public QGraphicsItem  //多继承
{
    Q_OBJECT
public:
    explicit Butterfly(QObject *parent = nullptr);

signals:

public:

    void timerEvent(QTimerEvent *);
    //定时器实现动画的原理就是在定时器的timerEvent中对QGraphicsItem进行重绘

    QRectF boundingRect() const;
    //为图元限定区域范围，所有集成自QGraphicsItem的自定义图元都必须实现此函数

protected:
    void paint(QPainter *painter, const QStyleOptionGraphicsItem *option, QWidget *widget ) ;
    //重绘函数

private:
    bool up;                 //用于标志蝴蝶翅膀的位置，以便于实现动态效果
    QPixmap pix_up;          //用于表示两幅蝴蝶的照片
    QPixmap pix_down;
    qreal angle;

};

#endif // BUTTERFLY_H

.cpp

#include "butterfly.h"
#include <math.h>

const static double PI=3.14;

Butterfly::Butterfly(QObject *parent) : QObject(parent)
{
   up=true;     //给标志蝴蝶翅膀位置的变量赋初值
   pix_up.load("C:/QTexercise/build-Butterfly-Desktop_Qt_5_12_9_MSVC2017_32bit-Release/release/image/up.jpg");    //加载图片
   pix_down.load("C:/QTexercise/build-Butterfly-Desktop_Qt_5_12_9_MSVC2017_32bit-Release/release/image/down.jpg");
   startTimer(500);        //500ms间隔
}

QRectF Butterfly::boundingRect() const
{
    qreal adjuct=2;
    return QRectF(-pix_up.width()/2-adjuct,-pix_up.height()/2-adjuct,pix_up.width()+adjuct*2,pix_up.height()+adjuct*2);

}

void Butterfly::paint(QPainter *painter, const QStyleOptionGraphicsItem *option, QWidget *widget)
{
    if(up)
    {
        painter->drawPixmap(boundingRect().topLeft(),pix_up);
        up=!up;
    }
    else
    {
        painter->drawPixmap(boundingRect().topLeft(),pix_down);
        up=!up;
    }
}


void Butterfly::timerEvent(QTimerEvent *)
{
   //边界控制
   //限定蝴蝶飞舞的右边界
    qreal edgex=scene()->sceneRect().right()+boundingRect().width()/2;

   //限定蝴蝶飞舞的上边界
    qreal edgextop=scene()->sceneRect().top()+boundingRect().height()/2;

   //限定蝴蝶飞舞的下边界
    qreal edgexbottom=scene()->sceneRect().bottom()+boundingRect().height()/2;

    if(pos().x()>=edgex)   //若超过的右边界，则水平移回左边界面处
       setPos(scene()->sceneRect().left(),pos().y());

    if(pos().x()>=edgextop)   //若超过的上边界，则水平移回下边界面处
       setPos(pos().x(),scene()->sceneRect().bottom());

    if(pos().x()>=edgexbottom)   //若超过的上边界，则水平移回下边界面处
       setPos(pos().x(),scene()->sceneRect().top());

    angle+=(qrand()%10)/20.0;

    qreal dx=fabs(sin(angle*PI)*10.0);
    qreal dy=(qrand()%20)-10.0;

    setPos(mapToParent(dx,dy));
}

main.cpp

#include "mainwindow.h"
#include "butterfly.h"
#include <QApplication>
#include <QGraphicsScene>
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
    QApplication a(argc, argv);

    QGraphicsScene *scene=new QGraphicsScene;
    scene->setSceneRect(QRectF(-200,-200,400,400));

    Butterfly *butterfly=new Butterfly;
    butterfly->setPos(-100,0);  //设置蝴蝶的初始位置

    scene->addItem(butterfly);

    QGraphicsView *view=new QGraphicsView;
    view->setScene(scene);
    view->resize(400,400);
    view->show();
   // MainWindow w;
    //w.show();
    return a.exec();
}

结果：

 这里我用两只蝴蝶代表了飞舞的变化过程