tf实现word2Vec（skip-Gram）

#!/usr/bin/python3
# -*-coding:utf-8 -*-
# @Time   :2018/3/16
# @Author :machuanbin

import collections
import math
import os
import random
import zipfile
import numpy as np
import urllib
import tensorflow as tf

############################## Step 1: Download the data##############################
url = 'http://mattmahoney.net/dc/'

def maybe_download(filename, expected_bytes):
    if not os.path.exists(filename):
        filename, _ = urllib.request.urlretrieve(url + filename, filename)
    statinfo = os.stat(filename)
    if statinfo.st_size == expected_bytes:
        print('Found and verified', filename)
    else:
        print(statinfo.st_size)
        raise Exception(
            'Failed to verify ' + filename + '. Can you get to it with a browser?')
    return filename


filename = maybe_download('text8.zip', 31344016)

def read_data(filename):
    with zipfile.ZipFile(filename) as f:
        #tf.compat.as_str 数据转单词列表
        data = tf.compat.as_str(f.read(f.namelist()[0])).split()
    return data

words = read_data(filename)
print('Data size', len(words))
############################## Step 2: Build the dictionary##############################
vocabulary_size = 50000

def build_dataset(words):
    count = [['UNK', -1]]
    count.extend(collections.Counter(words).most_common(vocabulary_size - 1))
    dictionary = dict()
    for word, _ in count:
        dictionary[word] = len(dictionary)
    data = list()
    unk_count = 0
    for word in words:
        if word in dictionary:
            index = dictionary[word]
        else:
            index = 0  # dictionary['UNK']
            unk_count += 1
        data.append(index)
    count[0][1] = unk_count
    reverse_dictionary = dict(zip(dictionary.values(), dictionary.keys()))
    return data, count, dictionary, reverse_dictionary

data, count, dictionary, reverse_dictionary = build_dataset(words)
del words  # Hint to reduce memory.
print('Most common words (+UNK)', count[:5])
print('Sample data', data[:10], [reverse_dictionary[i] for i in data[:10]])
data_index = 0


############################## Step 3: Function to generate a training batch for the skip-gram model.###########################
def generate_batch(batch_size, num_skips, skip_window):
    global data_index
    assert batch_size % num_skips == 0
    assert num_skips <= 2 * skip_window
    batch = np.ndarray(shape=(batch_size), dtype=np.int32)
    labels = np.ndarray(shape=(batch_size, 1), dtype=np.int32)
    span = 2 * skip_window + 1  # [ skip_window target skip_window ]
    buffer = collections.deque(maxlen=span)
    for _ in range(span):
        buffer.append(data[data_index])
        data_index = (data_index + 1) % len(data)
    for i in range(batch_size // num_skips):
        target = skip_window  # target label at the center of the buffer
        targets_to_avoid = [skip_window]
        for j in range(num_skips):
            while target in targets_to_avoid:
                target = random.randint(0, span - 1)
            targets_to_avoid.append(target)
            batch[i * num_skips + j] = buffer[skip_window]
            labels[i * num_skips + j, 0] = buffer[target]
        buffer.append(data[data_index])
        data_index = (data_index + 1) % len(data)
    return batch, labels
batch, labels = generate_batch(batch_size=8, num_skips=2, skip_window=1)
for i in range(8):
    print(batch[i], reverse_dictionary[batch[i]],
          '->', labels[i, 0], reverse_dictionary[labels[i, 0]])

# ############################### Step 4: Build and train a skip-gram model.########################
batch_size = 128
embedding_size = 128  # Dimension of the embedding vector.
skip_window = 1  # How many words to consider left and right.
num_skips = 2  # How many times to reuse an input to generate a label.
valid_size = 16  # Random set of words to evaluate similarity on.
valid_window = 100  # Only pick dev samples in the head of the distribution.
valid_examples = np.random.choice(valid_window, valid_size, replace=False)
num_sampled = 64  # Number of negative examples to sample.
graph = tf.Graph()
with graph.as_default():
    # Input data.
    train_inputs = tf.placeholder(tf.int32, shape=[batch_size])
    train_labels = tf.placeholder(tf.int32, shape=[batch_size, 1])
    valid_dataset = tf.constant(valid_examples, dtype=tf.int32)
    # Ops and variables pinned to the CPU because of missing GPU implementation
    with tf.device('/cpu:0'):
        # Look up embeddings for inputs.
        embeddings = tf.Variable(
            tf.random_uniform([vocabulary_size, embedding_size], -1.0, 1.0))
        embed = tf.nn.embedding_lookup(embeddings, train_inputs)
        # Construct the variables for the NCE loss
        nce_weights = tf.Variable(
            tf.truncated_normal([vocabulary_size, embedding_size],
                                stddev=1.0 / math.sqrt(embedding_size)))
        nce_biases = tf.Variable(tf.zeros([vocabulary_size]))
    loss = tf.reduce_mean(
        tf.nn.nce_loss(weights=nce_weights,
                       biases=nce_biases,
                       labels=train_labels,
                       inputs=embed,
                       num_sampled=num_sampled,
                       num_classes=vocabulary_size))
    #  SGD learning_rate=1.0.
    optimizer = tf.train.GradientDescentOptimizer(1.0).minimize(loss)
    # Compute the cosine similarity between minibatch examples and all embeddings.
    norm = tf.sqrt(tf.reduce_sum(tf.square(embeddings), 1, keep_dims=True))
    normalized_embeddings = embeddings / norm
    valid_embeddings = tf.nn.embedding_lookup(
        normalized_embeddings, valid_dataset)
    similarity = tf.matmul(
        valid_embeddings, normalized_embeddings, transpose_b=True)
    # Add variable initializer.
    init = tf.global_variables_initializer()
# Step 5: Begin training.
num_steps = 100001
with tf.Session(graph=graph) as session:
    init.run()
    print("Initialized")
    average_loss = 0
    #最大迭代次数10万次，
    for step in range(num_steps):
        batch_inputs, batch_labels = generate_batch(
            batch_size, num_skips, skip_window)
        feed_dict = {train_inputs: batch_inputs, train_labels: batch_labels}
        _, loss_val = session.run([optimizer, loss], feed_dict=feed_dict)
        average_loss += loss_val
        if step % 2000 == 0:
            if step > 0:
                average_loss /= 2000
            # The average loss is an estimate of the loss over the last 2000 batches.
            print("Average loss at step ", step, ": ", average_loss)
            average_loss = 0
        # 每1万次，计算一次验证单词和全部单词的相似度，并将每个验证单词最相似的8个单词展示出来
        if step % 10000 == 0:
            sim = similarity.eval()
            for i in range(valid_size):
                valid_word = reverse_dictionary[valid_examples[i]]
                top_k = 8  # number of nearest neighbors
                nearest = (-sim[i, :]).argsort()[1:top_k + 1]
                log_str = "Nearest to %s:" % valid_word
                for k in range(top_k):
                    close_word = reverse_dictionary[nearest[k]]
                    log_str = "%s %s," % (log_str, close_word)
                print(log_str)
    final_embeddings = normalized_embeddings.eval()
######################Step 6: Visualize the embeddings.######################S
from sklearn.manifold import TSNE
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

def plot_with_labels(low_dim_embs, labels, filename='tsne.png'):

    assert low_dim_embs.shape[0] >= len(labels), "More labels than embeddings"
    plt.figure(figsize=(18, 18))  #in inches
    for i, label in enumerate(labels):
        x, y = low_dim_embs[i,:]
        plt.scatter(x, y)
        plt.annotate(label,
                  xy=(x, y),
                  xytext=(5, 2),
                  textcoords='offset points',
                  ha='right',
                  va='bottom')
    plt.savefig(filename)


try:
    #采用sklearn.mainfold.TSNE 实现降维，将128维降为2维
   tsne = TSNE(perplexity=30, n_components=2, init='pca', n_iter=5000)
   plot_only = 100
   #仅展示维度最高的100维
   low_dim_embs = tsne.fit_transform(final_embeddings[:plot_only,:])
   labels = [reverse_dictionary[i] for i in range(plot_only)]
   plot_with_labels(low_dim_embs, labels)
except ImportError:
   print("Please install sklearn, matplotlib, and scipy to visualize embeddings.")