Spring实战（第4版） Spring Inaction 笔记(第二章）bean深入

申明一个组件

import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

@Component("可以命名")
public class SgtPeppers implements CompactDisc {

  private String title = "Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band";  
  private String artist = "The Beatles";
  
  public void play() {
    System.out.println("Playing " + title + " by " + artist);
  }
  
}

@Componet 注解表示这是个组件类，spring 要为它创建bean

然后需要配置自动扫描，该组件才能自动启用

import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;

@Configuration
@ComponentScan(basePackages={"package1", "package2")
public class CDPlayerConfig { 
}

@ComponentScan默认是扫描当前包下的所有java文件

xml写法如下

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
  xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
  xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
  xmlns:c="http://www.springframework.org/schema/c"
  xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
  xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">

  <context:component-scan base-package="soundsystem" />

</beans>

测试代码如下

import static org.junit.Assert.*;

import org.junit.Rule;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.contrib.java.lang.system.StandardOutputStreamLog;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner;

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration(classes=CDPlayerConfig.class)
//@ContextConfiguration(locations = {"classpath*:/applicationContext.xml", "classpath*:/daoContext.xml", "classpath*:/../webapp/WEB-INF/web.xml"})
public class CDPlayerTest {

  @Rule
  public final StandardOutputStreamLog log = new StandardOutputStreamLog();

  @Autowired
  private MediaPlayer player;
  
  @Autowired
  private CompactDisc cd;
  
  @Test
  public void cdShouldNotBeNull() {
    assertNotNull(cd);
  }

  @Test
  public void play() {
    player.play();
    assertEquals(
        "Playing Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band by The Beatles\n", 
        log.getLog());
  }

}

如果不启用自动扫描(@ComponentScan)那就需要采用显示配置。

即原先的CDPlayerConfig需要写代码

@Configuration
public class CDPlayerConfig {
  
  @Bean
  public CompactDisc compactDisc() {
    return new SgtPeppers();
  }
  
  @Bean
  public CDPlayer cdPlayer(CompactDisc compactDisc) {
    return new CDPlayer(compactDisc);
  }

}

配置类的组合和拆分。

建立一个总类。包含各个配置类。代码如下

import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Import;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.ImportResource;

@Configuration
@Import(CDPlayerConfig.class)
@ImportResource("classpath:cd-config.xml")
public class SoundSystemConfig {

}

分类的写法完全不变。

高级装配

第一：部署，对不同生产环境采用相同的war 但是不同的profile 采用注解@Profile激活的方式实现

第二：#{。。。} 称之为SpEL表达式   ${...} 称之为属性占位符