LCD 显示文字与图片

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本文详细介绍了在LCD屏幕上显示汉字和ASCII字符的两种方法。第一种方法涉及GB2312编码，通过计算汉字的区位码来定位字模并逐点绘制。第二种方法使用预先生成的字符数组进行输出。文中还提供了相关的代码示例，包括LCD初始化、延时函数以及串口通信的设置。

第一种方法：直接输汉字或字母等直接输出

在GB2312编码中对所收汉字进行了“分区”处理,94个区,每区含有94个汉字/符号
* 汉字由两个ASCII码组成,第一个减去160就是区码，第二个减去160就是位码
* 在C中处理时,如"啊"的代码是B0A0 +1,定义*pStr = "啊",则*pStr = 176(B0),*(pStr+1) = 161(A0+1)
* 第一个ASC 176 - 160(0xA0) = 16 ,第二个 ASC 161 - 160(0xA0) = 1,所以区位码为:1601
* 按GB2312表顺序,从第一行开始向右每取8个点作为一个字节，如果最后不足8个点就补满8位。
* 8位逐行取模,第一点为高位.16X16汉字一行就有两个字节 X 16行
* 因字模数字式从0开始,所以起始位为 ( ( (*pStr - 0xA0) - 1 ) * 94 + ( *(pStr+1) - 0xA0 ) - 1 ) * 32
*/
/* 左侧字模起始地址 */
   pZKL = &__CHS[ ( ( (*pStr - 0xA0) - 1 ) * 94 + ( *(pStr+1) - 0xA0 ) - 1 ) * 32];
   /* 右侧字模起始地址 */
   pZKR = &__CHS[ ( ( ( (*pStr - 0xA0) - 1 ) * 94 + ( *(pStr+1) - 0xA0 ) - 1 ) * 32 ) + 1];

/*******************************************************************************
* 函数名称: Lcd_Print_ZW
* 功能描述: 在LCD屏幕上指定坐标点写汉字 NETC-陈建长.
* 输入参数: (unsigned int x,unsigned int y坐标),(unsigned char *pStr 单个汉字如 “啊”),
             (unsigned int c,unsigned int bk_c颜色和区域颜色),unsigned int st 区域颜色选择
     st = 1 有 st = 0 无,在动态变化的情况下,如果没有区域颜色则前后信息叠加.
* 输出参数: None
* 返回参数: None
*******************************************************************************/

void Lcd_Print_ZW(unsigned int x,unsigned int y,unsigned char *pStr,unsigned int c,unsigned int bk_c,unsigned int st)
{
   unsigned short int i,j;
   unsigned char *pZKL,*pZKR,mask,buf;
    pZKL = &__CHS[ ( ( (*pStr - 0xA0) - 1 ) * 94 + ( *(pStr+1) - 0xA0 ) - 1 ) * 32];
    pZKR = &__CHS[ ( ( ( (*pStr - 0xA0) - 1 ) * 94 + ( *(pStr+1) - 0xA0 ) - 1 ) * 32 ) + 1];
    for( i = 0 ; i < 16 ; i++ )
       {
              /* 处理左侧显示 */
              mask = 0x80;
              buf = *pZKL;
     *(pZKL += 2);
              for( j = 0 ; j < 8 ; j++ )
              {
                     if( buf & mask )
                     {
                            PutPixel(x+j,y+i,c);
                     }
      else
      {
       if( st )
                  {
                      PutPixel(x+j,y+j,bk_c);
                  }
      }

                     mask = mask >> 1;
              }
             /* 处理右侧显示 */
              mask = 0x80;
              buf = *pZKR;
     *(pZKR += 2);
              for( j = 0 ; j < 8 ; j++ )
              {
                     if( buf & mask )
                     {
                            PutPixel(x+j + 8,y+i,c);
                     }
      else
      {
      if( st )
                     {
                         PutPixel(x+j + 8,y+i,bk_c);
                     }
     }
                     mask = mask >> 1;
              }
       }

}

eg : 输出：“啊”

Lcd_Print_ZW(100, 100, "啊", 0x0, 0x0, 0);

第二种方法：用字符取模软件生成字符数组，读取输出

代码如下：

*************************************************
file name LCD_hanzi
function 显示16*16汉字和 16*8 ASCII码字符
硬件设备 mini2440开发板
索尼X-35 3.5寸液晶屏
lcd参数宽和高 240x320
TFT 16bpp显示
完成时间 2011-08-10
作者周茂夫
problem 暂无
修改记录暂无
*************************************************/
#define GLOBAL_CLK 1
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include "def.h"
#include "option.h"
#include "2440addr.h"
#include "2440lib.h"
#include "2440slib.h"
#include "mmu.h"
#include "profile.h"
#include "memtest.h"
#include "zifu.h"
#define baudrate 115200
#define LCD_WIDTH 240
#define LCD_HEIGHT 320
//#define LCD_CLKCAL 17 //这个我计算出来是17参考程序给的是4 测试俩个都可以
//影响不大测试25 30 都还可以
#define LCD_CLKCAL 17
#define LCD_RIGHT_MARGIN 25
#define LCD_LEFT_MARGIN 0
#define LCD_HSYNC_LEN 4
#define LCD_UPPER_MARGIN 0
#define LCD_LOWER_MARGIN 4
#define LCD_VSYNC_LEN 9
#define LCD_XSIZE LCD_WIDTH
#define LCD_YSIZE LCD_HEIGHT
#define SCR_XSIZE LCD_WIDTH
#define SCR_YSIZE LCD_HEIGHT
extern const unsigned char sunflower_240x320[];
extern const unsigned char GB2312Dot16X16[];
volatile static unsigned short LCD_BUFFER[SCR_YSIZE][SCR_XSIZE];//LCD BUFFER
#define M5D(n) ((n)&0x1fffff)//设置显示缓存区时取地址的低21位
#define LCD_ADDR ((U32)(LCD_BUFFER))
/********横向取模，字节不倒序，C51格式*******/
unsigned char zhou[]=
{
0x00,0x00,0x1F,0xFC,0x10,0x84,0x13,0xE4,0x10,0x84,0x10,0x84,0x17,0xF4,0x10,0x04,
0x13,0xE4,0x12,0x24,0x12,0x24,0x13,0xE4,0x22,0x24,0x20,0x04,0x40,0x14,0x80,0x08,
} ;
unsigned char mao[]=
{
0x04,0x40,0x04,0x40,0xFF,0xFE,0x04,0x40,0x00,0xA0,0x00,0x90,0x3F,0xFE,0x20,0x80,
0x20,0x84,0x20,0x48,0x20,0x50,0x20,0x60,0x20,0xA0,0x43,0x12,0x4C,0x0A,0x80,0x04,
} ;
unsigned char Y[]=
{
0x00,0x00,0x00,0xEE,0x44,0x44,0x28,0x28,0x10,0x10,0x10,0x10,0x10,0x38,0x00,0x00,
} ;
unsigned char zhao[]=
{
0x00,0x00, 0xF7,0x7E, 0x95,0x04, 0x95,0x04,
0x96,0x74, 0x96,0x54, 0x95,0x54, 0x95,0x54,
0x95,0x54, 0xF5,0x54, 0x97,0x74, 0x04,0x04,
0x04,0x04, 0x04,0x04, 0x04,0x14, 0x04,0x08,
} ;
/**********************************
void delay(int times)
{
int i = 1000;
while(times--)
{
for(; i>0;--i)
;
}
}
************************************/
/***********************************
UART_int初始化led IO端口GPBCON5-8
初始化GPBHCON为串口通信
配置串口通信寄存器
配置中断寄存器
************************************/
void UART_int_init(void)
{
/********configuration LED IO port**********/
rGPBCON &=~(0xff<<10);
rGPBCON |= 0x55<<10;
/*******configuration GPHCON to UART*******/
rGPHCON &=~(0xf<<4);
rGPHCON |= 0xa<<4;
/****configuration UART0 communication register******/
rULCON0 = 0x03 ; //8-bits,1 stop bit, no parity
rUCON0 = 0x05 ;
rUBRDIV0= (int)(PCLK/baudrate/16)-1; //configuration UART baudrate
/*****clean interrupt bit clea RX_INT******/
rSUBSRCPND |= 0x1;
rSRCPND |= 1<<28;
rINTPND |= 1<<28;
/******open UART interrupt*********/
rINTSUBMSK &=~(0x1);
rINTMSK &=~(0x1<<28);
}
//UART send byte
void UART_send_byte(char Tx_data)
{
while(!(rUTRSTAT0&0x2));//wait Txempty
if(Tx_data=='\n') //Tx'\n'
{
rUTXH0 = 0x0d ;
while(!(rUTRSTAT0&0x2));
rUTXH0 = 0x0a ;
}
else
{
rUTXH0 = Tx_data ;
}
}
//UART sendstring
void UART_send_string(const char*str)
{
while(*str)
{
UART_send_byte(*str);
str++;
}
}
//UART receive byte
void UART_receive_byte(void)
{
char temp ;
while(!(rUTRSTAT0&0x1)); //wait RX ready
temp = rURXH0 ;
switch(temp) //测试发送单个字符
{
case 's': rGPBDAT&=~(0xf<<5); break;
case 'p': rGPBDAT|=(0xf<<5); break;
}
UART_send_byte(temp);
}
/*******************************************
中断处理函数
置1清除中断，注意顺序，先子中断后父中断
点亮led灯
********************************************/
void __irq UART0_interrupt(void)
{
/******clean interrupt bit*************/
rSUBSRCPND |= 0x1;
rSRCPND |= 1<<28;
rINTPND |= 1<<28;
rGPBDAT &=~(0xf<<5); //lighten led
UART_receive_byte();
}
/****************************************************************
function initialize LCD IO port VD[0:15] VM VLINE VCLK VFREAM
input void
return void
*****************************************************************/
static void Lcd_port_init(void)
{
rGPCUP = 0xffffffff ; //Disable Pull-up register
rGPCCON = 0xaaaa02a8 ; //Initialize VD[7:0],VM,VFREAM,VLINE,VCLK
rGPDUP = 0xffffffff ; //Disable Pull-up register
rGPDCON = 0xaaaaaaaa ; //Initialize VD[15:8]
}
/****************************************************************
function configarution LCDCON1-5 LCDSADDR1-3 LCD INTERRUPT TPAL
etc register TFT 16bpp
input void
return void
*****************************************************************/
static void Lcd_init(void)
{
rLCDCON1 = (LCD_CLKCAL<<8)|(3<<5)|(12<<1);
rLCDCON2 = (LCD_UPPER_MARGIN << 24)|((LCD_HEIGHT- 1)<< 14)|(LCD_LOWER_MARGIN<< 6)|(LCD_VSYNC_LEN<< 0);
rLCDCON3 = (LCD_RIGHT_MARGIN << 19)|((LCD_WIDTH- 1)<< 8)|(LCD_LEFT_MARGIN<< 0);
rLCDCON4 = (LCD_HSYNC_LEN << 0);
rLCDCON5 = (1<<11)|(1 << 9)|(1 << 8)|(1<<6)|(1 << 3)|(1 << 0);
rLCDSADDR1 = ((LCD_ADDR>>22)<<21)|(M5D(LCD_ADDR>>1));
//LCDBASEL OFFSIZE=0,PAGEWIDTH=LCD_WIDTH, x2的原因 16bpp 每个像素点2个字节，>>1见地址对应关系 16bpp
rLCDSADDR2 = M5D((LCD_ADDR+ LCD_WIDTH* LCD_HEIGHT* 2)>>1);
rLCDSADDR3 = LCD_WIDTH ;
rLCDINTMSK |= 3;//屏蔽中断
rTCONSEL = 0 ; //LPC3600 LCC3600 无效
rTPAL = 0 ; //禁止临时调色板
}
/****************************************************************
function Envid turn on or off
input onoff 1,Envid turn on
return void
*****************************************************************/
static void Lcd_EnvidOnOff(int onoff)
{
if(onoff==1)
rLCDCON1 |= 1;//ENVIDON
else
rLCDCON1 &=~(1<<0);//ENBID OFF
}
/****************************************************************
function LCD power enable
input pwren 1, enable lcd power
return void
*****************************************************************/
static void Lcd_PowerEnable(int pwren)
{
rGPGUP |=(1<<4);//Pull-up Disable
rGPGCON |=(3<<8);//GPG4is LCD_PWREN
rLCDCON5&=~(1<<5); //invpwren 正常极性
rLCDCON5 = rLCDCON5 & ~(1<<3)|(pwren<<3); //PWREN 使能
}
/****************************************************************
function Filling sole colour into LCD background
input c colour
return void
*****************************************************************/
static void Lcd_FillCor(U16 c)
{
unsigned int x,y;
for(y=0; y<SCR_YSIZE; y++)
{
for(x=0; x<SCR_XSIZE; x++)
{
LCD_BUFFER[y][x]= c;
}
}
}
/****************************************************************
function Paint picture
input x0 y0 assign start bit
level vertical the wide and high of picture
*bmp the picture string
return void
*****************************************************************/
static void Paint_BMP(int x0,int y0,int level, int vertical, const unsigned char *bmp)
{
int x, y;
U32 col ;
int p = 0;
for(y=0; y<vertical; y++)
{
for(x=0; x<level; x++)
{
col = bmp[p+1]|(bmp[p]<<8); //16bpp 一个像素点用俩个字节
if(((x0+x)<SCR_XSIZE)&&((y0+y)<SCR_YSIZE))
LCD_BUFFER[y0+y][x0+x]= col ;
p += 2;
}
}
}
/****************************************************************
function Display 像素点
input x y display start bit
col color of the char
return void
*****************************************************************/
static void PutPixel(U32 x, U32 y, U16 col)
{
LCD_BUFFER[y][x]= col;
}
/****************************************************************
function Display 汉字 hzk16 16*16
input x y display start bit
col color of the char
ch[] 字模数组
return void
*****************************************************************/
static void Draw_Text16(U32 x, U32 y, U16 col,const unsigned char ch[])
{
unsigned short i, j ;
unsigned char mask, tem ;
for(i=0; i<16; i++)
{
mask= 0x80 ;
tem = ch[i*2]; //俩个字节一组16位，取第一个字节
for(j=0; j<8; j++)
{
if(tem& mask)
{
PutPixel(x+j, y+i, col);
}
mask = mask >> 1 ;
}
mask = 0x80 ;
tem = ch[i*2+ 1];
for(j=0; j<8; j++)
{
if(tem& mask)
{
PutPixel(x+j+8, y+i, col);
}
mask = mask >> 1 ;
}
}
}
/****************************************************************
function Display ASCII 字符 16*8
input x y display start bit
col color of the char
ch[] 字模数组
return void
*****************************************************************/
static void Draw_ASCII(U32 x, U32 y, U16 col,const unsigned char ch[])
{
unsigned short i, j ;
unsigned char temp, mask ;
for(i=0; i<16; i++)
{
mask = 0x80 ;
temp = ch[i];
for(j=0; j<8; j++)
{
if(mask& temp)
{
PutPixel(x+j, y+i, col);
}
mask = mask >> 1 ;
}
}
}
/****************************************************************
function Display 汉字字符 16*16
input x y display start bit
col color of the char
str[] 字符数组
strlen 字符串长度字节表示
return void
*****************************************************************/
static void Draw_ch_lib(U32 x, U32 y, U16 col,const unsigned char str[], unsignedint strlen)
{
int loc, i;
unsigned char qh, wh ;
const unsigned char *pchlib ;
for(loc=0, i=0; i<strlen; i++)
{
if(str[i]& 0x80)
{
qh = str[i]- 0xa0;
wh = str[i+1]- 0xa0;
pchlib = &GB2312Dot16X16[( 94*(qh-1)+(wh-1)-1410)*32];
Draw_Text16( x+loc, y, col, pchlib);
i++;
loc += 16;
}
}
}
/*******************************************************************
串口UART是挂在PCLK总线上的，需要设置PCLK时钟，即需要设置2440时钟。
首先需要设置PLLCON寄存器设置CPU时钟（FCLK），然后设置FCLK HCLK PCLK的
分频比，确定好PCLK时钟。
*****************************************************************/
int Main(void)
{
unsigned int length ;
unsigned char display[]="啊周茂夫是个大笨蛋";
/*****************【CLOCK】******************/
MMU_Init();
ChangeMPllValue(127,2,1); //405MHZ
ChangeClockDivider(13,12);//1:3:6
/**************【UART】**********************/
UART_int_init();
UART_send_string("wo zhen de hen yun si \n");
pISR_UART0 = (U32)UART0_interrupt ;
/*************【LCD】************************/
Lcd_port_init();
Lcd_init();
Lcd_PowerEnable(1);
Lcd_EnvidOnOff(1);
UART_send_string("LCD initial \n");
Lcd_FillCor(0xffff);
Draw_Text16(16, 20, 0x0, zhou) ;
Draw_Text16(32, 20, 0x0, mao) ; //汉字后需要16位
Draw_ASCII (48, 20, 0x0, Y) ;
Draw_ASCII (56, 20, 0x0, Y) ;
Draw_Text16 (100, 20, 0x0, zhao) ;
Draw_Text16(80, 20, 0x0, zhou) ;
length = sizeof(display)- 1; //用sizeof可以直接算出数组占内存的字节数，减去1
//字符串结束符占一个字节
Draw_ch_lib(10, 100,0x0, display, length);
while(1)
{
//Lcd_FillCor((0x00<<11)|(0x00<<5)|(0x00<<0)); //clear screen
//Paint_BMP(0,0,240,320,sunflower_240x320); //filling picture sunflower
}
return 0 ;
}