C++之虚析构函数

先给个例子：

class Animal
{
public:
    Animal();
    ~Animal();
    virtual void voice() = 0;
};

Animal::Animal()
{
    cout << "Animal()" << endl;
}

Animal::~Animal()
{
    cout << "~Animal()" << endl;
}

class Dog:public Animal
{
public:
    Dog();
    ~Dog();
    virtual void voice();
};

Dog::Dog()
{
    cout << "Dog()" << endl;
}

Dog::~Dog()
{
    cout << "~Dog()" << endl;
}

void Dog::voice(){
    cout << "I am a dog: wang wang wang wang" << endl;
}

class Cat:public Animal
{
public:
    Cat();
    ~Cat();
    virtual void voice();
};

Cat::Cat()
{
    cout << "Cat()" << endl;
}

Cat::~Cat()
{
    cout << "~Cat()" << endl;
}

void Cat::voice(){
    cout << "I am a cat: miao miao miao" << endl;
}

int main()
{
    Animal *ani = new Dog;
    ani->voice();
    delete ani;
    ani = new Cat;
    ani->voice();
    delete ani;
    system("pause");
    return 0;
}

输出结果为：

这里是在堆上创建的对象，delete了ani，发现结果中只有Dog和Cat的构造，却没有Dog和Cat的析构，而只析构了Animal，这就会发生内存泄漏。

解决的办法就是对基类Animal的析构函数变成虚函数，就会先调用子类的析构函数，然后再调用基类的析构函数，这样就形成了完全析构，避免了内存泄漏的问题，这里只需要在Animal的析构函数前面加个virtual即可：

class Animal
{
public:
    Animal();
    virtual ~Animal();     //虚析构函数
    virtual void voice() = 0;
};

输出结果：