设计模式之构建器Builder

构建器Builder

在构造对象时，Builder模式既能保证像重叠构造器模式那样的安全性，也能保证像JavaBeans模式那么好的可读性。它不直接生成想要的对象，而是让客户端利用所有必要的参数调用构造器（或者静态工厂），得到一个builder对象。然后客户端在builder对象上调用类似于setter的方法，来设置每个相关的可选参数。最后，客户端调用无参的build方法来生成不可变的对象。Builder模式通常用于创建不可变对象，保证线程安全。

Demo

public class NutritionalFacts {
    private final int servingSize; // 必要
    private final int servings; // 必要
    private final int calories; // 可选
    private final int fat; // 可选
    private final int sodium; // 可选
    private final int carbohydrate; // 可选

    public int getServingSize() {
        return servingSize;
    }

    public int getServings() {
        return servings;
    }

    public int getCalories() {
        return calories;
    }

    public int getSodium() {
        return sodium;
    }

    public int getFat() {
        return fat;
    }

    public int getCarbohydrate() {
        return carbohydrate;
    }

    public static class Builder {
        private int servingSize;
        private int servings;
        private int calories;
        private int fat;
        private int sodium;
        private int carbohydrate;

        public Builder(int servingSize, int servings) {
            this.servingSize = servingSize;
            this.servings = servings;
        }

        public Builder calories(int val) {
            this.calories = val;
            return this;
        }

        public Builder sodium(int s) {
            this.sodium = s;
            return this;
        }

        public Builder fat(int f) {
            this.fat = f;
            return this;
        }

        public Builder carbohydrate(int c) {
            this.carbohydrate = c;
            return this;
        }

        public NutritionalFacts build() {
            return new NutritionalFacts(this);
        }
    }

    private NutritionalFacts(Builder builder) {
        this.servingSize = builder.servingSize;
        this.servings = builder.servings;
        this.calories = builder.calories;
        this.sodium = builder.sodium;
        this.fat = builder.fat;
        this.carbohydrate = builder.carbohydrate;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "NutritionalFacts{" + "servingSize=" + servingSize + ", servings=" + servings + ", calories=" + calories
            + ", fat=" + fat + ", sodium=" + sodium + ", carbohydrate=" + carbohydrate + '}';
    }
}

public class BuildDemo {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        NutritionalFacts nutritionalFacts
            = new NutritionalFacts.Builder(240, 9).calories(200).sodium(20).fat(34).calories(23).build();
        System.out.println(nutritionalFacts);
    }
}