from c - What does void* mean and how to use it? - Stack Overflow
A pointer to void
is a "generic" pointer type. A void *
can be converted to any other pointer type without an explicit cast. You cannot dereference a void *
or do pointer arithmetic with it; you must convert it to a pointer to a complete data type first.
void *
is often used in places where you need to be able to work with different pointer types in the same code. One commonly cited example is the library function qsort
:
void qsort(void *base, size_t nmemb, size_t size,
int (*compar)(const void *, const void *));
base
is the address of an array, nmemb
is the number of elements in the array, size
is the size of each element, and compar
is a pointer to a function that compares two elements of the array. It gets called like so:
int iArr[10];
double dArr[30];
long lArr[50];
...
qsort(iArr, sizeof iArr/sizeof iArr[0], sizeof iArr[0], compareInt);
qsort(dArr, sizeof dArr/sizeof dArr[0], sizeof dArr[0], compareDouble);
qsort(lArr, sizeof lArr/sizeof lArr[0], sizeof lArr[0], compareLong);
The array expressions iArr
, dArr
, and lArr
are implicitly converted from array types to pointer types in the function call, and each is implicitly converted from "pointer to int
/double
/long
" to "pointer to void
".
The comparison functions would look something like:
int compareInt(const void *lhs, const void *rhs)
{
const int *x = lhs; // convert void * to int * by assignment
const int *y = rhs;
if (*x > *y) return 1;
if (*x == *y) return 0;
return -1;
}
By accepting void *
, qsort
can work with arrays of any type.
The disadvantage of using void *
is that you throw type safety out the window and into oncoming traffic. There's nothing to protect you from using the wrong comparison routine:
qsort(dArr, sizeof dArr/sizeof dArr[0], sizeof dArr[0], compareInt);
compareInt
is expecting its arguments to be pointing to int
s, but is actually working with double
s. There's no way to catch this problem at compile time; you'll just wind up with a missorted array.
- It's actually not guaranteed that a
void*
can be cast to a function pointer. But for data pointers what you said holds.– Vatine
Jul 12 '16 at 10:52 - Before void pointers were available "char *" was used instead. But void is better as it cannot actually be used to alter anything directly. Jun 4 '19 at 13:08