13、Spring Cloud Alibaba Nacos服务注册

注：本篇文章主要参考周阳老师讲解的cloud进行整理的！

1、总体介绍

2、Nacos简介

2.1、是什么

https://nacos.io/docs/latest/what-is-nacos/
一个更易于构建云原生应用的动态服务发现、配置管理和服务管理平台

• 一句话

Nacos就是注册中心 + 配置中心的组合
Nacos = Eureka + Config + Bus
Nacos = Spring Cloud Consul

2.2、能干嘛

• 替代Eureka/Consul做服务注册中心
• 替代（Config + Bus）/ Consul做服务配置中心和满足动态刷新广播通知

2.3、去哪下

https://nacos.io/zh-cn

2.4、各种注册中心比较

据说 Nacos 在阿里巴巴内部有超过 10 万的实例运行，已经过了类似双十一等各种大型流量的考验，Nacos默认是AP模式， 但也可以调整切换为CP，我们一般用默认AP即可。

3、Nacos下载安装

• 本地Java17 + Maven环境

3.1、官网下载Nacos

https://nacos.io/zh-cn/index.html
https://nacos.io/docs/v2/quickstart/quick-start/
https://github.com/alibaba/nacos/releases

3.2、解压安装包，直接运行bin目录下的startup.cmd

startup.cmd -m standalone

3.3、命令运行成功后直接访问

http://localhost:8848/nacos
默认账号密码都是nacos

3.4、结果页面

3.5、关闭服务器

shutdown.cmd

4、Nacos Discovery服务注册中心

4.1、概述

https://nacos.io/zh-cn/docs/v2/ecology/use-nacos-with-spring-cloud.html

4.2、SpringCloudAlibaba参考中文文档

https://spring-cloud-alibaba-group.github.io/github-pages/2022/zh-cn/2022.0.0.0-RC2.html

4.3、基于Nacos的服务提供者

4.3.1、新建Module

4.3.2、pom

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <parent>
        <groupId>com.mui.cloud</groupId>
        <artifactId>cloud2024</artifactId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>

    <groupId>com.mui.cloud</groupId>
    <artifactId>cloudalibaba-provider-payment9001</artifactId>

    <properties>
        <maven.compiler.source>17</maven.compiler.source>
        <maven.compiler.target>17</maven.compiler.target>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>
        <!--nacos-discovery-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-discovery</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!-- 引入自己定义的api通用包 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.mui.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>cloud-api-commons</artifactId>
            <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
        </dependency>
        <!--SpringBoot通用依赖模块-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!--hutool-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>cn.hutool</groupId>
            <artifactId>hutool-all</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!--lombok-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
            <version>1.18.28</version>
            <scope>provided</scope>
        </dependency>
        <!--test-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>

</project>

4.3.3、YML

server:
  port: 9001

spring:
  application:
    name: nacos-payment-provider
  cloud:
    nacos:
      discovery:
        # 配置Nacos地址
        server-addr: localhost:8848 

4.3.4、主启动

package com.mui.cloud;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.EnableDiscoveryClient;

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableDiscoveryClient
public class Main9001 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(Main9001.class, args);
    }
}

4.3.5、业务类

package com.mui.cloud.controller;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

@RestController
public class PayAlibabaController {

    @Value("${server.port}")
    private String serverPort;


    @GetMapping("/pay/nacos/{id}")
    public String getPayInfo(@PathVariable("id") Integer id) {
        return "nacos registry, serverport:" + serverPort + "\t id:" + id;
    }
    
}

4.3.6、测试

http://localhost:9001/pay/nacos/1
nacos控制台
nacos8448注册中心 + 服务提供者pay9001都OK了

4.4、基于Nacos的服务消费者

4.4.1、新建Module

4.4.2、POM

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <parent>
        <groupId>com.mui.cloud</groupId>
        <artifactId>cloud2024</artifactId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>

    <groupId>com.mui.cloud</groupId>
    <artifactId>cloudalibaba-consumer-nacos-order83</artifactId>

    <properties>
        <maven.compiler.source>17</maven.compiler.source>
        <maven.compiler.target>17</maven.compiler.target>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>
        <!--nacos-discovery-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-discovery</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!--loadbalancer-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-loadbalancer</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!--web + actuator-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!--lombok-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>
    
</project>

4.4.3、YML

server:
  port: 83

spring:
  application:
    name: nacos-order-consumer
  cloud:
    nacos:
      discovery:
        server-addr: localhost:8848
#消费者将要去访问的微服务名称(nacos微服务提供者叫什么你写什么)
service-url:
  nacos-user-service: http://nacos-payment-provider

4.4.4、业务类-配置类

package com.mui.cloud.config;

import org.springframework.cloud.client.loadbalancer.LoadBalanced;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;

@Configuration
public class RestTemplateConfig {

    @Bean
    // 赋予RestTemplate负载均衡的能力
    @LoadBalanced
    public RestTemplate restTemplate() {
        return new RestTemplate();
    }

}

4.4.5、业务类-控制器

package com.mui.cloud.controller;

import jakarta.annotation.Resource;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;

@RestController
public class OrderNacosController {

    @Resource
    private RestTemplate restTemplate;

    @Value("${service-url.nacos-user-service}")
    private String serverURL;

    @GetMapping("/consumer/pay/nacos/{id}")
    public String paymentInfo(@PathVariable("id") Integer id) {
        String result = restTemplate.getForObject(serverURL + "/pay/nacos/" + id, String.class);
        return result + "\t" + "    我是OrderNacosController83调用者。。。。。。";
    }
}

4.4.6、测试

• nacos控制台
  
  http://localhost:83/consumer/pay/nacos/1

4.4.7、负载均衡

• 参考9001新建9002

• 测试

  • http://localhost:83/consumer/pay/nacos/1 可以看到端口号9001/9002交替出现，负载均衡达到