英语学习详细笔记（十五）被动语态

*主动及被动例：

Tom repairs bikes.

Bikes are repaired by Tom.

被动语态的形式

1，主语+beV+p.p(过去分词) by 行为者

*过去分词，1表完成，2表被动

*be动词(时态) + 过去分词(被动)

The song is sung by Jolin.

I hear the song sung by Jolin.

English and French are spoken in Canada.

2，主动及被动的转换

①主动-He praised me.

②被动-I was praised by him.

*及物动词才有被动，但有些“不及物动词+介词”可视为及物动词片语，可用于被动语态

I listen to music. 正确

Something happened(不及物) to Mark. 错误

He takes care of the newcomer to the club.

The newcomer to the club is taken care of by him.

各时态的被动语态形式

1，现在式的被动语态：am/are/is + p.p

Betty keeps five newborn cats at home.

Five newborns cats are kept by Betty at home.

2，过去式的被动语态：was/were + p.p

They sold many kinds of child seats at the shop.

Many kinds of child seats were sold (by them) at the shop.

The police ran after the chief in the street.

The chief was ran after by the police in the street.

3，现在进行式的被动语态：am/are/is Ving + be p.p -> am/are/is being p.p

Workers are building the new shopping center.

The new shopping center is being built by workers.

4，过去进行式的被动语态：was/were being p.p

Mr.Smith was printing the exam papers.

The exam papers were being printed by Mr.Smith.

5，未来式的被动语态：will VR + be p.p -> (will be p.p) / (am/are/is going to be p.p)

They will hold the school sports in October.

The school sports will be held (by them) in October.

Our class are going to discuss the problem.

The problem is going to be discussed by our class.

*其他助动词，如：can, must, should,...等的被动语态和未来式的被动语态一样

Every one of us should follow school rules.

School rules should be followed by every one of us.

*everyone->指人，every one of the bikes

6，现在完成式的被动语态：have/hsd been p.p

*(have/has + p.p) + (beV + p.p) = have/has been p.p

The teacher has already punished the naughty boy.

The naughty boy has already been punished by the teacher.

各句型的被动语态形式

1，Yes/No问句，即beV/aux为首的问句

Did Judy mess up my room. in a mess一团乱

My room was messed up by Judy.

Was my room messed up by Judy?

Must(有解释的助动词) i take the cold medicine three times a day?

Must the cold medicine be taken by me three times a day?

2，WH问句，即疑问词为首的问句

*WH+ beV/aux + S

What did he catch?

What was caught by him?

The lion was.

When did the boy break the window?

When the window was broken by the boy?

When was the window broken by the boy?

What language is spoken in Spain? Spanish is.

3，<Who + 动词>的问句，By whom + beV + S + p.p...? 问句句型，一般动词不可在主词前

Who bought the sweater?

The sweater was bought by whom. 错误

Whom was the sweater bought by? By whom was the sweater bought?

4，否定句，S + (beV not p.p...)/(aux not be p.p...)

They don't(形式助动词) collet recyclable(可回收的) paper every day.

Recyclable paper isn't collected by them every day.

We can't(有中文释义的助动词) see a full moon tonight.

A full moon can't be seen (by us) tonight?

特别注意的被动语态

1，by + 行为者之省略，a一般人，b未指明某人，c含糊不清的某人

Rice is grown in XX.

My uncle was killed in the war. 意外或战争的死亡be killed

The novel was translated into many languages.

2，不可使用by的被动语态

Mr Jackson is known to people in the town.  is known to+人(为...所知)

XX is known for its good foods. is known for+特色(以...闻名)

She is known as a successful singer. is known as+身份(以...闻名)

Those mountains are covered with snow. 覆盖

They were caught in a shower(突如其来的雨) during the barbecue.

Shoes are made of(+物理变化) leather. 由...制成

Bread is made from(+化学变化) flour.

*表感情、情绪的被动语态也不用by

*人 + beV + (interested in感兴趣)/(surprised at惊讶)/(satisfied with满意)/(impressed with/by印象深刻)/(pleased with愉悦、愉快)/(excited about兴奋)/(worried about担心) + 事物

3，授与动词的被动语态

The embassy gave (me a new passport)/(a new passport to me).

I was given a new passport by the embassy.

The embassy gave me a new passport.

A new passport was given me by the passport.

*授与V + (O人 + O物) / (O物 + 介 + O人)，一次只拿一个受词作变化

Mr.White told us the history story.

We were told the history story by Mr.White.

The history story was told to us by Mr.White.

*有些授与动词，如：cook...等，不可用人做为被动的主词

Mom cooked us vegetable soup.

Vegetable soup was cooked for us by mom.

We were cooked vegetable soap by mom. 错误

4，S + V + O(受词) + C(被语) 的被动语态

They painted the board blue.

The board was painted blue by them.

We elected Jack chairperpon.

Jack was elected chairperson by us.

5，祈使句的被动语态

①原形动词 + 受词：Let + 受词 + be + p.p...

(You) Open the door. != The door is opened.

Let the door be opened.

②Let + O(人) + 原形动词 + O(物)

Let me tell the truth.

Let the truth be told by me.

6，使役动词的被动语态

①make/have + O + V(主动)/p.p(被动)

②let + O + V(主动)/be p.p(被动)

③get+ O + to V(主动)/p.p(被动)

My brother had me run errands for him.

I had my hair cut yesterday.

Let it be done. at once(立刻)

Mr.Lin made me do the work.主动

Mr.Lin made the work done by me. 被动

I was made to do the work by Mr.Lin.

7，感官动词的被动语态

*feel, see, watch, look at, notice, hear, listen to， + O + V(主动)/ Ving(主动)/ P.P(被动)

I saw him beat/beating the little boy.

I saw the little boy beaten by him.

He was seen(被动) to beat/beating(主动) the little boy by me.