名词
*当主语、补语、受词
1,to+V:不定词,名词功用;V-ing,名词功用
普通名词、集合名词
2,专有名词大写,部分专有名词需加上定冠词the
*专有名词不可加冠词(a/an),后面不加s
the United States, the United Nations
3,物质名词,数字+容器(度量衡)+ of + 物质名词
4,抽象名词,不可数名词
5,规则变换的复数名词
名词字尾加s,有声子母(s)念(z),无声子音(s)念(s)
名词字尾为s,sh,ch,x,o加 es
名词字尾为子音+o,复数名词加es,例外:photos,pianos
名词字尾为子音+y,去y+ies
名词字尾为f或fe,去f或fe+ves
6,不规则变化的复数
ox->oxen(公牛,食用公牛),bull公牛,cow母牛
child->children
改变母音man->men,goose->geese,tooth->teeth,mouse->mice
7,单复数同形,fish,deer(鹿),sheep,Chinese,Japanese
one fish/two fish,一条鱼/两条鱼(表数量)
种类 a kind of fish,two kinds of fishes
8,名词所有格:单数名词's,复数名词s'
the boy's schoolbag,a girls' school(一所女校)
*字尾非s的复数名词:名词's,children's playground
9,共同所有格及个别所有格
①共同所有格:名词+名词+...+名词's
②个别所有格:名词's+名词's+...+名词's
10,(无)生物所有格,A的B=B of A
桌子的脚,the legs of the table
车门,the door of the car
女孩的名字,the girl's name/ the name of the girl
*所有格之后的名词,如在句子非常容易理解时可省略
She if going to the dentist's. 牙医
I met him at the barbers's. 理发师
We like to eat launch at McDonald's.
冠词
1,不定冠词a/an,定冠词the,放名词前,修饰名词
①a+子音开头的单数名词
②an+母音开头的单数名词
a book,a young man,an old woman
*a/an的发音,a/ə/,an/ən/,强调时a/e/,an/æn/
*the,母音前读/ði/,子音前读/ðə/
*the+形容词 泛指"...的人",代表复数,the rich aren't always happy.
*冠词+n,冠词+形+n