并发-1-从直观的swing弹球感受并发

大家好，从今天开始，有计划的恶补一下并发知识。

目录见：目录

示例代码来源

《Java核心技术 卷1 第10版》 Core Java Volume I-Fundamentals(10th Edition)
[美] Cay S.Horstmann 著
周立新 陈波 叶乃文 邝劲筠 杜永萍 译

一、效果图

上图的却显示无法通过多次点击Start出现多个弹球，Close也没法关闭。

上图用到了线程，可发射多个弹球并且可Close。

二、示例代码

git仓库 git@github.com:cmhhcm/guiAndConcurrent.git

1、无线程代码

package com.cmh.concurrent;

import javax.swing.JButton;
import javax.swing.JFrame;
import javax.swing.JPanel;
import java.awt.BorderLayout;
import java.awt.Container;
import java.awt.EventQueue;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;

/**
 * 核心类-绘制图形并使球弹跳
 * 
 * Author: cmh
 * Date:2021/4/18 1:39 上午
 */
public class Bounce {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        EventQueue.invokeLater(() -> {
            JFrame frame = new BounceFrame();
            frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
            frame.setVisible(true);
        });
    }

    static class BounceFrame extends JFrame {
        private BallComponent comp;
        public static final int STEPS = 5000000;
        public static final int DELAY = 8;

        public BounceFrame() {
            setTitle("Bounce");
            comp = new BallComponent();
            add(comp, BorderLayout.CENTER);
            JPanel buttonPanel = new JPanel();
            addButton(buttonPanel, "Start", event -> addBall());
            addButton(buttonPanel, "Close", event -> System.exit(0));
            add(buttonPanel, BorderLayout.SOUTH);
            pack();
        }

        /**
         * Adds a button to a container
         */
        public void addButton(Container c, String title, ActionListener listener) {
            JButton button = new JButton(title);
            c.add(button);
            button.addActionListener(listener);
        }

        /**
         * Adds a bouncing ball to the panel and makes it bounce N times
         */
        public void addBall() {
            try {
                Ball ball = new Ball();
                comp.add(ball);
                for (int i = 1; i <= STEPS; i++) {
                    ball.move(comp.getBounds());
                    comp.paint(comp.getGraphics());
                    Thread.sleep(DELAY);
                }
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }
}

Ball

package com.cmh.concurrent;

import java.awt.geom.Ellipse2D;
import java.awt.geom.Rectangle2D;

/**
 * 控制弹球移动
 *
 * Author: cmh
 * Date:2021/4/18 1:39 上午
 */
public class Ball {
    private static final int XSIZE = 15;
    private static final int YSIZE = 15;
    private double x = 0;
    private double y = 0;
    private double dx = 1;
    private double dy = 1;

    /**
     * Moves the ball to the next position,
     * reversing direction if it hits one of the edges
     */
    public void move(Rectangle2D bounds) {
        x += dx;
        y += dy;
        if (x < bounds.getMinX()) {
            x = bounds.getMinX();
            dx = -dx;
        }
        if (x + XSIZE >= bounds.getMaxX()) {
            x = bounds.getMaxX() - XSIZE;
            dx = -dx;
        }
        if (y < bounds.getMinY()) {
            y = bounds.getMinY();
            dy = -dy;
        }
        if (y + YSIZE >= bounds.getMaxY()) {
            y = bounds.getMaxY() - YSIZE;
            dy = -dy;
        }
    }

    /**
     * Gets the shape of the ball at its current positionon
     */
    public Ellipse2D getShape() {
        return new Ellipse2D.Double(x, y, XSIZE, YSIZE);
    }
}

BallComponent

package com.cmh.concurrent;

import javax.swing.JPanel;
import java.awt.Dimension;
import java.awt.Graphics;
import java.awt.Graphics2D;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

/**
 * 弹球面板类-填充颜色和大小
 *
 * Author: cmh
 * Date:2021/4/18 1:40 上午
 */
public class BallComponent extends JPanel {
    private static final int DEFAULT_WIDTH = 450;
    private static final int DEFAULT_HEIGHT = 350;

    /**
     * ？ 这个是干嘛用的？为啥要存在List里面？
     */
    List<Ball> balls = new ArrayList<>();

    /**
     * Add a ball to the component
     */
    public void add(Ball b) {
        balls.add(b);
    }

    public void paintComponent(Graphics g) {
        super.paintComponent(g); //erase background
        Graphics2D g2 = (Graphics2D) g;
        for (Ball b : balls) {
            System.out.println("List的size是："+balls.size());
            g2.fill(b.getShape());
        }
    }

    public Dimension getPreferredSize() {
        return new Dimension(DEFAULT_WIDTH, DEFAULT_HEIGHT);
    }
}

2、有线程代码

package com.cmh.concurrent;

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;

/**
 * Author: cmh
 * Date:2021/4/18 2:35 下午
 */
public class BounceThread {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        EventQueue.invokeLater(() -> {
            JFrame frame = new BounceFrame();
            frame.setTitle("BounceTread");
            frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
            frame.setVisible(true);
        });
    }

    static class BounceFrame extends JFrame {
        private BallComponent comp;
        public static final int STEPS = 1000000;
        public static final int DELAY = 3;

        public BounceFrame() {
            comp = new BallComponent();
            add(comp, BorderLayout.CENTER);
            JPanel buttonPanel = new JPanel();
            addButton(buttonPanel, "Start", event -> addBall());
            addButton(buttonPanel, "Close", event -> System.exit(0));
            add(buttonPanel, BorderLayout.SOUTH);
            pack();


        }

        public void addButton(Container container, String title, ActionListener listener) {
            JButton button = new JButton(title);
            container.add(button);
            button.addActionListener(listener);
        }

        public void addBall() {
            Ball ball = new Ball();
            comp.add(ball);
            Runnable runnable = () -> {
                try {
                    for (int i = 1; i <= STEPS; i++) {
                        ball.move(comp.getBounds());
//                        comp.repaint();
                        comp.paint(comp.getGraphics());
                        Thread.sleep(DELAY);
                    }
                } catch (InterruptedException interruptedException) {

                }
            };
            Thread thread = new Thread(runnable);// status:NEW
            thread.start();//status:RUNNABLE
        }
    }

    /**
     * 总结：
     * 1、多次连续点击start的时候，部分球就原地不动了，为什么？
     * 2、
     */
}

三、核心

1、控制球的移动
代码很简单，效果比较炫
2、画弹球

paintComponent()方法super.paintComponent(g);
这行代码去除了背景，否则每次移动的弹球轨迹都会展现出来，效果就像“贪吃蛇”了。

3、并发部分
没个弹球的位置移动都是一个独立的线程来控制

 public void addBall() {
            Ball ball = new Ball();
            comp.add(ball);
            Runnable runnable = () -> {
                try {
                    for (int i = 1; i <= STEPS; i++) {
                        ball.move(comp.getBounds());
                        comp.repaint();
                        Thread.sleep(DELAY);
                    }
                } catch (InterruptedException interruptedException) {

                }
            };
            Thread thread = new Thread(runnable);// status:NEW
            thread.start();//status:RUNNABLE
        }

好了，再会。