当样本的特征向量满足多维正态分布时,对于分类任务,可以使用正态贝叶斯分类方法,进行训练。使用OpenCV3.4.1中的ML模块,具体实现demo如下:
#include"pch.h"
#include<opencv2/opencv.hpp>
#include<opencv2/ml/ml.hpp>
using namespace std;
using namespace cv;
using namespace ml;
int main()
{
const int Kwidth = 512;
const int Kheight = 512;
//用于显示分类结果的图像
Mat image = Mat::zeros(Kheight, Kwidth, CV_8UC3);
//组织分类标签
int labels[30];
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++)
labels[i] = 1;
for (int i = 10; i < 20; i++)
labels[i] = 2;
for (int i = 20; i < 30; i++)
labels[i] = 3;
Mat labelsMat(30, 1, CV_32SC1, labels);
//组织训练数据,三类数据,每个数据点为二维特征向量
float trainDataArray[30][2];
RNG rng;
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++)
{
trainDataArray[i][0] = 250 + static_cast<float>(rng.gaussian(30));
trainDataArray[i][1] = 250 + static_cast<float>(rng.gaussian(30));
}
for (int i = 10; i < 20; i++)
{
trainDataArray[i][0] = 150 + static_cast<float>(rng.gaussian(30));
trainDataArray[i][1] = 150 + static_cast<float>(rng.gaussian(30));
}
for (int i = 20; i < 30; i++)
{
trainDataArray[i][0] = 320 + static_cast<float>(rng.gaussian(30));
trainDataArray[i][1] = 150 + static_cast<float>(rng.gaussian(30));
}
Mat trainingDataMat(30, 2, CV_32FC1, trainDataArray);
// 创建贝叶斯分类器
Ptr<NormalBayesClassifier> model = NormalBayesClassifier::create();
// 设置训练数据
Ptr<TrainData> tData = TrainData::create(trainingDataMat, ROW_SAMPLE, labelsMat);
//训练分类器
model->train(tData);
//对图像内所有512*512个背景点进行预测,不同的预测结果,图像背景区域显示不同的颜色
Vec3b red(0,0,255), green(0, 255, 0), blue(255, 0, 0);
for (int i = 0; i < image.rows; ++i)
for (int j = 0; j < image.cols; ++j)
{
Mat sampleMat = (Mat_<float>(1, 2) << j, i); //生成测试数据
float response = model->predict(sampleMat); //进行预测,返回1或-1
if (response == 1)
image.at<Vec3b>(i, j) = red;
else if (response == 2)
image.at<Vec3b>(i, j) = green;
else
image.at<Vec3b>(i, j) = blue;
}
//把训练样本点,显示在图相框内
for (int i = 0; i < trainingDataMat.rows; i++)
{
const float * v = trainingDataMat.ptr<float>(i);
Point pt = Point((int)v[0], (int)v[1]);
if (labels[i] == 1) //不同的圆点,标记不同的颜色
circle(image, pt, 5, Scalar::all(0), -1, 8);
else if (labels[i] == 2)
circle(image, pt, 5, Scalar::all(128), -1, 8);
else
circle(image, pt, 5, Scalar::all(255), -1, 8);
}
//显示分类结果图像
imshow("贝叶斯分类器示例", image);
waitKey(0);
return 0;
}
运行如上程序,结果如下: