c++定义一个抽象类Shape，定义一个纯虚函数area()用以计算面积，从Shape派生出长方形、梯形、圆形派生类。程序中通过基类指针来调用派生类中的纯虚函数，计算不同形状的面积。

#include <iostream>

#include <cmath>

#ifndef M_PI

#define M_PI 3.14159265358979323846

#endif

// 定义抽象类Shape

class Shape {

public:

    virtual double area() = 0; // 纯虚函数

};

// 长方形类

class Rectangle : public Shape {

private:

    double width, height;

public:

    Rectangle(double w, double h) : width(w), height(h) {}

    double area() override {

        return width * height;

    }

};

// 梯形类

class Trapezoid : public Shape {

private:

    double base1, base2, height;

public:

    Trapezoid(double b1, double b2, double h) : base1(b1), base2(b2), height(h) {}

    double area() override {

        return (base1 + base2) * height / 2.0;

    }

};

// 圆形类

class Circle : public Shape {

private:

    double radius;

public:

    Circle(double r) : radius(r) {}

    double area() override {

        return M_PI * pow(radius, 2);

    }

};

int main() {

    Shape* shapes[3];

    shapes[0] = new Rectangle(5.0, 4.0);

    shapes[1] = new Trapezoid(2.0, 3.0, 4.0);

    shapes[2] = new Circle(3.0);

    for(int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {

        std::cout << "Shape " << i+1 << " area: " << shapes[i]->area() << std::endl;

        delete shapes[i];

    }

    return 0;

}