1. Codec简介
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对PCM等信号进行D/A转换,把数字的音频信号转换为模拟信号
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对Mic、Linein或者其他输入源的模拟信号进行A/D转换,把模拟的声音信号转变CPU能够处理的数字信号
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对音频通路进行控制,比如播放音乐,收听调频收音机,又或者接听电话时,音频信号在codec内的流通路线是不一样的
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对音频信号做出相应的处理,例如音量控制,功率放大,EQ控制等等
2. ASoC中对Codec的数据抽象
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/* SoC Audio Codec device */
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struct snd_soc_codec {
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const char *name; /* Codec的名字*/
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struct device *dev; /* 指向Codec设备的指针 */
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const struct snd_soc_codec_driver *driver; /* 指向该codec的驱动的指针 */
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struct snd_soc_card *card; /* 指向Machine驱动的card实例 */
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int num_dai; /* 该Codec数字接口的个数,目前越来越多的Codec带有多个I2S或者是PCM接口 */
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int (*volatile_register)(...); /* 用于判定某一寄存器是否是volatile */
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int (*readable_register)(...); /* 用于判定某一寄存器是否可读 */
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int (*writable_register)(...); /* 用于判定某一寄存器是否可写 */
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/* runtime */
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......
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/* codec IO */
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void *control_data; /* 该指针指向的结构用于对codec的控制,通常和read,write字段联合使用 */
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enum snd_soc_control_type control_type;/* 可以是SND_SOC_SPI,SND_SOC_I2C,SND_SOC_REGMAP中的一种 */
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unsigned int (*read)(struct snd_soc_codec *, unsigned int); /* 读取Codec寄存器的函数 */
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int (*write)(struct snd_soc_codec *, unsigned int, unsigned int); /* 写入Codec寄存器的函数 */
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/* dapm */
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struct snd_soc_dapm_context dapm; /* 用于DAPM控件 */
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};
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/* codec driver */
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struct snd_soc_codec_driver {
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/* driver ops */
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int (*probe)(struct snd_soc_codec *); /* codec驱动的probe函数,由snd_soc_instantiate_card回调 */
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int (*remove)(struct snd_soc_codec *);
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int (*suspend)(struct snd_soc_codec *); /* 电源管理 */
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int (*resume)(struct snd_soc_codec *); /* 电源管理 */
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/* Default control and setup, added after probe() is run */
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const struct snd_kcontrol_new *controls; /* 音频控件指针 */
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const struct snd_soc_dapm_widget *dapm_widgets; /* dapm部件指针 */
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const struct snd_soc_dapm_route *dapm_routes; /* dapm路由指针 */
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/* codec wide operations */
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int (*set_sysclk)(...); /* 时钟配置函数 */
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int (*set_pll)(...); /* 锁相环配置函数 */
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/* codec IO */
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unsigned int (*read)(...); /* 读取codec寄存器函数 */
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int (*write)(...); /* 写入codec寄存器函数 */
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int (*volatile_register)(...); /* 用于判定某一寄存器是否是volatile */
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int (*readable_register)(...); /* 用于判定某一寄存器是否可读 */
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int (*writable_register)(...); /* 用于判定某一寄存器是否可写 */
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/* codec bias level */
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int (*set_bias_level)(...); /* 偏置电压配置函数 */
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};
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/*
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* Digital Audio Interface runtime data.
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*
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* Holds runtime data for a DAI.
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*/
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struct snd_soc_dai {
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const char *name; /* dai的名字 */
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struct device *dev; /* 设备指针 */
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/* driver ops */
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struct snd_soc_dai_driver *driver; /* 指向dai驱动结构的指针 */
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/* DAI runtime info */
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unsigned int capture_active:1; /* stream is in use */
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unsigned int playback_active:1; /* stream is in use */
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/* DAI DMA data */
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void *playback_dma_data; /* 用于管理playback dma */
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void *capture_dma_data; /* 用于管理capture dma */
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/* parent platform/codec */
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union {
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struct snd_soc_platform *platform; /* 如果是cpu dai,指向所绑定的平台 */
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struct snd_soc_codec *codec; /* 如果是codec dai指向所绑定的codec */
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};
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struct snd_soc_card *card; /* 指向Machine驱动中的crad实例 */
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};
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/*
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* Digital Audio Interface Driver.
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*
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* Describes the Digital Audio Interface in terms of its ALSA, DAI and AC97
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* operations and capabilities. Codec and platform drivers will register this
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* structure for every DAI they have.
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*
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* This structure covers the clocking, formating and ALSA operations for each
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* interface.
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*/
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struct snd_soc_dai_driver {
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/* DAI description */
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const char *name; /* dai驱动名字 */
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/* DAI driver callbacks */
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int (*probe)(struct snd_soc_dai *dai); /* dai驱动的probe函数,由snd_soc_instantiate_card回调 */
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int (*remove)(struct snd_soc_dai *dai);
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int (*suspend)(struct snd_soc_dai *dai); /* 电源管理 */
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int (*resume)(struct snd_soc_dai *dai);
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/* ops */
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const struct snd_soc_dai_ops *ops; /* 指向本dai的snd_soc_dai_ops结构 */
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/* DAI capabilities */
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struct snd_soc_pcm_stream capture; /* 描述capture的能力 */
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struct snd_soc_pcm_stream playback; /* 描述playback的能力 */
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};
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struct snd_soc_dai_ops {
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/*
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* DAI clocking configuration, all optional.
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* Called by soc_card drivers, normally in their hw_params.
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*/
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int (*set_sysclk)(...);
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int (*set_pll)(...);
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int (*set_clkdiv)(...);
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/*
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* DAI format configuration
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* Called by soc_card drivers, normally in their hw_params.
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*/
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int (*set_fmt)(...);
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int (*set_tdm_slot)(...);
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int (*set_channel_map)(...);
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int (*set_tristate)(...);
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/*
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* DAI digital mute - optional.
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* Called by soc-core to minimise any pops.
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*/
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int (*digital_mute)(...);
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/*
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* ALSA PCM audio operations - all optional.
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* Called by soc-core during audio PCM operations.
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*/
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int (*startup)(...);
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void (*shutdown)(...);
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int (*hw_params)(...);
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int (*hw_free)(...);
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int (*prepare)(...);
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int (*trigger)(...);
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/*
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* For hardware based FIFO caused delay reporting.
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* Optional.
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*/
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snd_pcm_sframes_t (*delay)(...);
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};
3. Codec的注册
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static struct platform_driver wm8994_codec_driver = {
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.driver = {
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.name = "wm8994-codec",
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.owner = THIS_MODULE,
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},
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.probe = wm8994_probe,
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.remove = __devexit_p(wm8994_remove),
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};
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module_platform_driver(wm8994_codec_driver);
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static int __devinit wm8994_probe(struct platform_device *pdev)
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{
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return snd_soc_register_codec(&pdev->dev, &soc_codec_dev_wm8994,
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wm8994_dai, ARRAY_SIZE(wm8994_dai));
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}
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static struct snd_soc_codec_driver soc_codec_dev_wm8994 = {
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.probe = wm8994_codec_probe,
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.remove = wm8994_codec_remove,
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.suspend = wm8994_suspend,
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.resume = wm8994_resume,
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.set_bias_level = wm8994_set_bias_level,
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.reg_cache_size = WM8994_MAX_REGISTER,
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.volatile_register = wm8994_soc_volatile,
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};
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static struct snd_soc_dai_driver wm8994_dai[] = {
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{
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.name = "wm8994-aif1",
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.id = 1,
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.playback = {
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.stream_name = "AIF1 Playback",
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.channels_min = 1,
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.channels_max = 2,
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.rates = WM8994_RATES,
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.formats = WM8994_FORMATS,
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},
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.capture = {
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.stream_name = "AIF1 Capture",
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.channels_min = 1,
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.channels_max = 2,
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.rates = WM8994_RATES,
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.formats = WM8994_FORMATS,
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},
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.ops = &wm8994_aif1_dai_ops,
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},
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......
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}
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codec = kzalloc(sizeof(struct snd_soc_codec), GFP_KERNEL);
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/* create CODEC component name */
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codec->name = fmt_single_name(dev, &codec->id);
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codec->write = codec_drv->write;
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codec->read = codec_drv->read;
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codec->volatile_register = codec_drv->volatile_register;
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codec->readable_register = codec_drv->readable_register;
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codec->writable_register = codec_drv->writable_register;
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codec->dapm.bias_level = SND_SOC_BIAS_OFF;
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codec->dapm.dev = dev;
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codec->dapm.codec = codec;
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codec->dapm.seq_notifier = codec_drv->seq_notifier;
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codec->dapm.stream_event = codec_drv->stream_event;
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codec->dev = dev;
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codec->driver = codec_drv;
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codec->num_dai = num_dai;
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/* register any DAIs */
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if (num_dai) {
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ret = snd_soc_register_dais(dev, dai_drv, num_dai);
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if (ret < 0)
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goto fail;
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}
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list_add(&codec->list, &codec_list);
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snd_soc_instantiate_cards();
4. mfd设备
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static struct i2c_driver wm8994_i2c_driver = {
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.driver = {
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.name = "wm8994",
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.owner = THIS_MODULE,
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.pm = &wm8994_pm_ops,
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.of_match_table = wm8994_of_match,
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},
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.probe = wm8994_i2c_probe,
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.remove = wm8994_i2c_remove,
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.id_table = wm8994_i2c_id,
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};
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static int __init wm8994_i2c_init(void)
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{
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int ret;
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ret = i2c_add_driver(&wm8994_i2c_driver);
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if (ret != 0)
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pr_err("Failed to register wm8994 I2C driver: %d\n", ret);
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return ret;
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}
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module_init(wm8994_i2c_init);
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static int wm8994_i2c_probe(struct i2c_client *i2c,
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const struct i2c_device_id *id)
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{
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struct wm8994 *wm8994;
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int ret;
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wm8994 = devm_kzalloc(&i2c->dev, sizeof(struct wm8994), GFP_KERNEL);
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i2c_set_clientdata(i2c, wm8994);
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wm8994->dev = &i2c->dev;
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wm8994->irq = i2c->irq;
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wm8994->type = id->driver_data;
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wm8994->regmap = regmap_init_i2c(i2c, &wm8994_base_regmap_config);
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return wm8994_device_init(wm8994, i2c->irq);
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}
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/* Add the on-chip regulators first for bootstrapping */
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ret = mfd_add_devices(wm8994->dev, -1,
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wm8994_regulator_devs,
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ARRAY_SIZE(wm8994_regulator_devs),
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NULL, 0);
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if (pdata) {
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wm8994->irq_base = pdata->irq_base;
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wm8994->gpio_base = pdata->gpio_base;
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/* GPIO configuration is only applied if it's non-zero */
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......
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}
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wm8994_irq_init(wm8994);
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ret = mfd_add_devices(wm8994->dev, -1,
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wm8994_devs, ARRAY_SIZE(wm8994_devs),
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NULL, 0);
5. Codec初始化
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取出父设备的driver_data,其实就是上一节的wm8994结构变量,取出其中的regmap字段,复制到codec的control_data字段中;
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申请一个wm8994_priv私有数据结构,并把它设为codec设备的driver_data;
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通过snd_soc_codec_set_cache_io初始化regmap io,完成这一步后,就可以使用API:snd_soc_read(),snd_soc_write()对codec的寄存器进行读写了;
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把父设备的driver_data(struct wm8994)和platform_data保存到私有结构wm8994_priv中;
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因为要同时支持3个芯片型号,这里要根据芯片的型号做一些特定的初始化工作;
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申请必要的几个中断;
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设置合适的偏置电平;
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通过snd_soc_update_bits修改某些寄存器;
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根据父设备的platform_data,完成特定于平台的初始化配置;
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添加必要的control,dapm部件进而dapm路由信息;
5. regmap-io
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为codec定义一个regmap_config结构实例,指定codec寄存器的地址和数据位等信息;
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根据codec的控制总线类型,调用以下其中一个函数,得到一个指向regmap结构的指针:
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struct regmap *regmap_init_i2c(struct i2c_client *i2c, const struct regmap_config *config);
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struct regmap *regmap_init_spi(struct spi_device *dev, const struct regmap_config *config);
-
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把获得的regmap结构指针赋值给codec->control_data;
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调用soc-io的api:snd_soc_codec_set_cache_io使得soc-io和regmap进行关联;