无名对象

代码：
#include <iostream>
#include <cstring>   

using namespace std;

class Student{
public:
Student(char* pName="no name",int ssId=0)
{
 strncpy(name,pName,40);
 name[39]='\0';
 id = ssId;
 cout <<"Constructing new student " <<pName <<endl;
}

Student(Student& s)
{
 cout<<"Constructing copy of "<<s.name<<endl;
 strcpy(name,"copy of ");
 strcat(name,s.name);
 id=s.id;
}

void show(){
 cout<<"name="<<name<<" ,id="<<id<<endl;
}

~Student(){
 cout <<"Destructing " <<name <<endl;
 }
protected:
char name[40];
int id;
};

void fn(Student s)
{
 cout <<"into function fn()\n";
 s.show();
 cout<<"out of function fn()\n";
}

int main()
{
 Student randy("Randy",1234);
 Student elizabeth=randy;
 Student &refs=Student("beijing",2345);
 Student s=Student("shanghai",5678);
 fn(Student("guangzhou",2345));
 return 1;
}

在VC++6.0上的编译运行结果是：
Constructing new student Randy
Constructing copy of Randy
Constructing new student beijing
Constructing new student shanghai
Constructing new student guangzhou
into function fn()
name=guangzhou ,id=2345
out of function fn()
Destructing guangzhou
Destructing shanghai
Destructing beijing
Destructing copy of Randy
Destructing Randy

但是在linux g++上却编译通不过，一直提示
Student &refs=Student("beijing",2345);
Student s=Student("shanghai",5678);
fn(Student("guangzhou",2345));
这三个函数没有匹配的可调用函数。是不是linux g++不支持无名对象？看来linux g++和VC++的C++编译器差别好大。

 

分析：
上面代码中Student("beijing",2345) ， Student("shanghai",5678)  和 Student("guangzhou",2345)都是没有对象名的对象，所以叫做无名对象，无名对象和复制拷贝并没有关系，所以不会调用拷贝构造函数，
Student &refs=Student("beijing",2345);等同于Student refs("beijing",2345);
Student s=Student("shanghai",5678);等同于Student s("shanghai",5678);
fn(Student("guangzhou",2345));等同于下面两句：
Student x("guangzhou",2345);
fn(x);

无名对象最大的好处在于对象初始化的时候，不会调用拷贝构造函数。对于比较大的对象实体可以采用这样的方式进行初始化，是一种好的编程习惯。