Use DP, but the trick here is to go from the Queen to the Knight. dp[i][j] means the minimum health needed at position dungeon[i][j]. I tried to loop from the Knight to the Queen, but the code will be very long and cannot handle all test cases.
class Solution {
public:
int calculateMinimumHP(vector<vector<int>>& dungeon) {
int m=dungeon.size();
int n=dungeon[0].size();
vector<int > a(n);
vector<vector<int> > dp(m,a);
for(int i=m-1;i>=0;i--)
for(int j=n-1;j>=0;j--)
{
if(i==m-1&&j==n-1)
dp[i][j]=dungeon[i][j]<0?1-dungeon[i][j]:1;
else if(i==m-1)
dp[i][j]=max(1,dp[i][j+1]-dungeon[i][j]);
else if(j==n-1)
dp[i][j]=max(1,dp[i+1][j]-dungeon[i][j]);
else
dp[i][j]=max(1,min(dp[i+1][j],dp[i][j+1])-dungeon[i][j]);
}
return dp[0][0];
}
};