docker的安装与使用

文档与安装

基本安装 官方的文档走就行了,
本文罗列一些简单步骤

https://docs.docker.com/install/linux/docker-ce/ubuntu/#prerequisites

1,安装 前如果之前有安装 则删除
sudo apt-get remove docker docker-engine docker.io

2,查看自己的是哪个版本，官网会有不同的命令
sudo lsb_release -a
我是ubuntu16.04 ,

3,文档提供了几种安装 方案
-1,设置 docker的仓库后 apt-get
-2,用deb包
-3,用 convenience scripts 来安装

一般都用 1,这里也使用1

sudo apt-get update

4 安装 其它

sudo apt-get install \
    apt-transport-https \
    ca-certificates \
    curl \
    software-properties-common

5,增加docker的官方GPG key
curl -fsSL https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu/gpg | sudo apt-key add -

6,检验下fingerprint
sudo apt-key fingerprint 0EBFCD88

7 增加仓库，(这里也有选择是什么cpu架构,一般都是x86_64位)

sudo add-apt-repository \
   "deb [arch=amd64] https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu \
   $(lsb_release -cs) \
   stable"

sudo apt-get update

8 安装
sudo apt-get install docker-ce

9 测试
sudo docker run hello-world

10 查看 版本
sudo docker version

例子1,用hub.docker.com拉取一个nginx

查看本机有多少image
sudo docker image ls

我们尝试云hub.docker.com 中拉一个出来测试下
https://hub.docker.com/_/nginx/
docker pull nginx

hub.docker.com 是一个docker 镜像的仓库，里面有包括 ubuntu, redhat 这样的 系统镜像，也有在之上的 nginx,redis等,也包含 python之类的各版本镜像, 即拉即用,牛逼轰轰.

启动:
docker run --name some-nginx -d -p 8080:80 nginx

查看进程
ps -ef | grep docker

/usr/bin/docker-proxy -proto tcp -host-ip 0.0.0.0 -host-port 8080 -container-ip 172.17.0.2 -container-port 80

测试
wget http://127.0.0.1:8080

例子2,自建一个Dockerfile 后build,后去执行

1，写一个python文件
新建一个文件 hello.py

print("hello,world,first cmd")

测试,执行, python hello.py OK，

2， 新建一个Dockerfile

vi Dockerfile
内容如下

FROM python:3.6.7
ADD hello.py /
WORKDIR /
CMD ["python","hello.py"]

3, 因为依赖了 python3.6.7,这里要和hub.docker.com连接,进行登陆

ming@ming-CW35S:~/dgame/project/docker_pratise/c33$ docker login
Login with your Docker ID to push and pull images from Docker Hub. If you don't have a Docker ID, head over to https://hub.docker.com to create one.
Username: xxxxxx
Password:
WARNING! Your password will be stored unencrypted in /home/ming/.docker/config.json.
Configure a credential helper to remove this warning. See
https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/login/#credentials-store

Login Succeeded

4,把Dockerfile build成image

ming@ming-CW35S:~/dgame/project/docker_pratise/c33$ docker build -t xxxxxx/hellopy .
Sending build context to Docker daemon  15.87kB
Step 1/4 : FROM python:3.6.7
3.6.7: Pulling from library/python
54f7e8ac135a: Pull complete
d6341e30912f: Pull complete
087a57faf949: Pull complete
5d71636fb824: Pull complete
0c1db9598990: Pull complete
2eeb5ce9b924: Pull complete
a8c530378055: Pull complete
687ed2fb2a0d: Pull complete
620aea26e853: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:fc34d5b6cf5d00a6139a74370dc27ddc9ce18303e2210d0f199a6050cc29aa45
Status: Downloaded newer image for python:3.6.7
---> 1ec4d11819ad
Step 2/4 : ADD hello.py /
---> ac96cabf064f
Step 3/4 : WORKDIR /
---> Running in d3565c0d40eb
Removing intermediate container d3565c0d40eb
---> 7635082ac9d2
Step 4/4 : CMD ["python","hello.py"]
---> Running in 062edb8e18b4
Removing intermediate container 062edb8e18b4
---> 55c88d812066
Successfully built 55c88d812066
Successfully tagged xxxxxx/hellopy:latest

5,查看image一些状态

ming@ming-CW35S:~/dgame/project/docker_pratise/c33$ docker image ls
REPOSITORY               TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
xxxxxx/hellopy   latest              55c88d812066        45 seconds ago      918MB
<none>                   <none>              f8d761b2ce56        11 minutes ago      31B
<none>                   <none>              175510e82d22        12 minutes ago      31B
<none>                   <none>              a3b03c0ad5c3        14 minutes ago      31B
<none>                   <none>              9c7e982eeba3        17 minutes ago      31B
<none>                   <none>              551d0f216a27        18 minutes ago      31B
nginx                    latest              568c4670fa80        9 days ago          109MB
python                   3.6.7               1ec4d11819ad        2 weeks ago         918MB
hello-world              latest              4ab4c602aa5e        3 months ago        1.84kB


ming@ming-CW35S:~/dgame/project/docker_pratise/c33$ docker history 551d0f216a27
IMAGE               CREATED             CREATED BY                                      SIZE                COMMENT
551d0f216a27        19 minutes ago      /bin/sh -c #(nop)  CMD ["python hello.py"]      0B
8e315e5e1fde        19 minutes ago      /bin/sh -c #(nop) ADD file:69b0acbe51cbcdafd…   31B

6,运行

ming@ming-CW35S:~/dgame/project/docker_pratise/c33$ docker run xxxxxx/hellopy
hello,world,first cmd

其它

把 当前用户加到docker组中，

方便一些权限 问题（很多命令，如docker image ls等不用sudo了)
主要就是 gpasswd -a ming docker
然后重启docker服务
然后重新进shell
如下:

ming@ming-CW35S:~/dgame/project/docker_pratise/c32$ docker image ls
Got permission denied while trying to connect to the Docker daemon socket at unix:///var/run/docker.sock: Get http://%2Fvar%2Frun%2Fdocker.sock/v1.39/images/json: dial unix /var/run/docker.sock: connect: permission denied
ming@ming-CW35S:~/dgame/project/docker_pratise/c32$ groupadd docker
groupadd：“docker”组已存在
ming@ming-CW35S:~/dgame/project/docker_pratise/c32$ gpasswd -a ming docker
gpasswd：没有权限。
ming@ming-CW35S:~/dgame/project/docker_pratise/c32$ sudo gpasswd -a ming docker
[sudo] ming 的密码：
正在将用户“ming”加入到“docker”组中
ming@ming-CW35S:~/dgame/project/docker_pratise/c32$ sudo service docker restart
ming@ming-CW35S:~/dgame/project/docker_pratise/c32$

然后再重新进入shell即可,
测试：执行 docker image ls