MySQL多实例部署和Xtrabackup备份与恢复

1. MySQL多实例部署

在网页下载二进制MySQL包
https://downloads.mysql.com/archives/community/

//配置用户和组并解压
[root@localhost src]# ls
debug  kernels  mysql-5.7.34-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz
[root@localhost src]# useradd -r -M -s /bin/nologin mysql
[root@localhost src]# grep mysql /etc/group
mysql:x:973:
[root@localhost src]# tar xf mysql-5.7.34-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz -C /usr/local
[root@localhost local]# ls
bin  etc  games  include  lib  lib64  libexec  mysql-5.7.34-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64  sbin  share  src
[root@localhost local]# ln -s /usr/local/mysql-5.7.34-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/ /usr/local/mysql
[root@localhost local]# ll
总用量 0
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root   6 8月  12 2018 bin
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root   6 8月  12 2018 etc
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root   6 8月  12 2018 games
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root   6 8月  12 2018 include
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root   6 8月  12 2018 lib
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root   6 8月  12 2018 lib64
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root   6 8月  12 2018 libexec
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root  47 8月  26 18:48 mysql -> /usr/local/mysql-5.7.34-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/
drwxr-xr-x. 9 root root 129 8月  26 18:41 mysql-5.7.34-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64
[root@localhost local]# chown -R mysql.mysql mysql*
[root@localhost local]# ll
总用量 0
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root  root    6 8月  12 2018 bin
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root  root    6 8月  12 2018 etc
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root  root    6 8月  12 2018 games
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root  root    6 8月  12 2018 include
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root  root    6 8月  12 2018 lib
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root  root    6 8月  12 2018 lib64
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root  root    6 8月  12 2018 libexec
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 mysql mysql  47 8月  26 18:48 mysql -> /usr/local/mysql-5.7.34-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/
drwxr-xr-x. 9 mysql mysql 129 8月  26 18:41 mysql-5.7.34-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64
[root@localhost local]# ls mysql
bin  docs  include  lib  LICENSE  man  README  share  support-files
//添加环境变量
[root@localhost local]# cat /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh 
export PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:$PATH
[root@localhost local]# source /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh 
[root@localhost local]# echo $PATH
/usr/local/mysql/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/root/bin
//建立存放数据目录
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir -p /opt/data{3306,3307,3308}
[root@localhost ~]# tree /opt/
/opt/
└── data
    ├── 3306
    ├── 3307
    └── 3308
[root@localhost ~]# chown -R mysql.mysql /opt/data/
[root@localhost ~]# ll /opt/
总用量 0
drwxr-xr-x. 5 mysql mysql 42 8月  29 12:39 data
[root@localhost ~]# ll /opt/data/
总用量 0
drwxr-xr-x. 2 mysql mysql 6 8月  29 12:38 3306
drwxr-xr-x. 2 mysql mysql 6 8月  29 12:39 3307
drwxr-xr-x. 2 mysql mysql 6 8月  29 12:39 3308

初始化各实例

[root@localhost ~]# mysqld --initialize --user mysql --datadir /opt/data/3306
2021-08-29T04:41:26.252745Z 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details).
2021-08-29T04:41:26.466480Z 0