Leetcode 304. Range Sum Query 2D - Immutable

Problem

Given a 2D matrix matrix, handle multiple queries of the following type:

• Calculate the sum of the elements of matrix inside the rectangle defined by its upper left corner (row1, col1) and lower right corner (row2, col2).

Implement the NumMatrix class:

• NumMatrix(int[][] matrix) Initializes the object with the integer matrix matrix.
• int sumRegion(int row1, int col1, int row2, int col2) Returns the sum of the elements of matrix inside the rectangle defined by its upper left corner (row1, col1) and lower right corner (row2, col2).

You must design an algorithm where sumRegion works on O(1) time complexity.

Algorithm

Dynamics Programming (DP). Calculate the sum from (0, 0) to (r, c). sum(row1, col1, row2, col2) = sum(0, 0, row2, col2) - sum(0, 0, row1-1, col2) - sum(0, 0, row2, col1-1) + sum(0, 0, row1-1, col1-1).

Code

class NumMatrix:

    def __init__(self, matrix: List[List[int]]):
        self._row = len(matrix) + 1     
        self._col = len(matrix[0]) + 1
        self._sum = [ [0] * self._col for i in range(self._row)]
        # calculate sum(0, 0, r, c)
        for _r in range(1, self._row):
            self._sum[_r][1] = self._sum[_r-1][1] + matrix[_r-1][0]
        for _c in range(1, self._col):
            self._sum[1][_c] = self._sum[1][_c-1] + matrix[0][_c-1]
        for _r in range(1, self._row):
            for _c in range(1, self._col):
                self._sum[_r][_c] = self._sum[_r][_c-1] + self._sum[_r-1][_c] - self._sum[_r-1][_c-1] + matrix[_r-1][_c-1]
        

    def sumRegion(self, row1: int, col1: int, row2: int, col2: int) -> int:
        row1 += 1 
        if row1 < 0: row1 = 0
        col1 += 1 
        if col1 < 0: col1 = 0
        row2 += 1 
        if row2 >= self._row: row2 = self._row
        col2 += 1 
        if col2 >= self._col: col2 = self._col
        return self._sum[row2][col2] - self._sum[row1-1][col2] - self._sum[row2][col1-1] + self._sum[row1-1][col1-1]


# Your NumMatrix object will be instantiated and called as such:
# obj = NumMatrix(matrix)
# param_1 = obj.sumRegion(row1,col1,row2,col2)