Programming Windows with MFC - Chapter 12 Toolbars

 

Chapter 12 Toolbars, Status Bars, and Rebars

一、工具栏

    CToolBar::GetToolBarCtrl()

    1、Creating and Initializing a Toolbar

       (1) CToolBar::Create also accepts an optional third parameter specifying the toolbar ID. The default is AFX_IDW_TOOLBAR.There's no need to change the toolbar ID unless you write an application that contains two or more toolbars
            m_wndToolBar.Create (this, WS_CHILD ¦ WS_VISIBLE ¦ CBRS_BOTTOM);

            m_wndToolBar.Create (this);
            m_wndToolBar.SetBarStyle ((m_wndToolBar.GetBarStyle () &
            ~CBRS_TOP) ¦ CBRS_BOTTOM);
        (2)You can change both the image size and the button size with CToolBar::SetSizes()

  (3)
    m_wndToolBar.Create (this);
    m_wndToolBar.LoadBitmap (IDR_TOOLBAR);
    m_wndToolBar.SetButtons (nButtonIDs, 10);

    m_wndToolBar.Create (this);
    m_wndToolBar.LoadToolBar (IDR_TOOLBAR);

    (4)add text strings to the faces of the buttons with CToolBar::SetButtonText.
        SetSizes must be called after the button text is added, not before, or the button sizes won't stick。Also, the width of the button bitmaps must be expanded to make room for the button text.

    (5)
int nState =m_wndToolBar.GetToolBarCtrl ().GetState (ID_PARA_LEFT);
m_wndToolBar.GetToolBarCtrl ().SetState (ID_PARA_LEFT, nState ¦TBSTATE_CHECKED);

    (6)CCmdUI::SetCheck() 比SetButtonStyle() 强。

2、Docking and Floating

   (1) Floating and docking are enabled by calling the toolbar's EnableDocking function ( CControlBar::EnableDocking) with bit flags specifying which sides of the frame window the toolbar will allow itself to be docked to and by calling the frame window's EnableDocking function ( CFrameWnd::EnableDocking) with bit flags specifying which sides of the window are valid docking targets.

Bit Flag	Description
CBRS_ALIGN_LEFT	Permit docking to the left side of the frame window
CBRS_ALIGN_RIGHT	Permit docking to the right side of the frame window
CBRS_ALIGN_TOP	Permit docking to the top of the frame window
CBRS_ALIGN_BOTTOM	Permit docking to the bottom of the frame window
CBRS_ALIGN_ANY	Permit docking to any side of the frame window

    (2)
    DockControlBar (&m_wndToolBar [, AFX_IDW_DOCKBAR_RIGHT] );
    FloatControlBar (&m_wndToolBar, CPoint (x, y)); //屏幕坐标

    (3) CControlBar::IsFloating(), SetWindowText()

    (4)TBBS_WRAPPED style to tell CToolBar where the line breaks are
        m_wndToolBar.SetButtonStyle (2,m_wndToolBar.GetButtonStyle (0) ¦ TBBS_WRAPPED);

    (5)
        CBRS_FLOAT_MULTI
        CBRS_SIZE_DYNAMIC
        CBRS_SIZE_FIXED

3.Controlling a Toolbar's Visibility

    （1）默认工具栏ID为： AFX_IDW_TOOLBAR ， Framework提供默认处理程序，菜单为 ID_VIEW_TOOLBAR， ID_VIEW_STATUS_BAR

    (2)
        void CMainFrame::OnViewToolbar2 ()
        {
            ShowControlBar (&m_wndToolBar2, (m_wndToolBar2.GetStyle() & WS_VISIBLE) == 0, FALSE);
        }

        void CMainFrame::OnUpdateViewToolbar2UI (CCmdUI* pCmdUI)
        {
            pCmdUI->SetCheck ((m_wndToolBar2.GetStyle () & WS_VISIBLE) ? 1 : 0);
        }

4.Adding ToolTips and Flyby Text

    （1）Simply add CBRS_TOOLTIPS to the toolbar style and create a string table resource containing ToolTip text.

    （2）If your application features a status bar as well as a toolbar, you can configure the toolbar to display "flyby" text in addition to (or in lieu of) ToolTips by setting the CBRS_FLYBY bit in the toolbar style.
           "xxxx/nxxx"

5.在工具栏中添加非按钮控件

    （1）在TOOLBAR资源中添加一个 separator 或 空白按钮
    (2)调用 CToolBar::SetButtonInfo来增加预留位置的宽度
    （3）在该空白处创建一个组合框（或其他控件）

    CMyToolBar::OnCreate(){ ...
   LoadToolBar(IDR_MAINFRAME) ;

        SetButtonInfo( 11, IDC_MY_COMBO, TBBS_SEPARATOR, nWidth );

        CRect rect;
        GetItemRect( 11, &rect );
        rect.bottom = rect.top + nHeight;

        m_wndComboBox.Create( WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE | WS_VSCROLL |
        CBS_DROPDOWNLIST | CBS_SORT, rect, this, IDC_MY_COMBO ); }

6.更新非按钮控件

     CControlBar::OnUpdateCmdUI is a virtual function the framework calls as part of its idle-processing regimen。
    void CStyleBar::OnUpdateCmdUI (CFrameWnd* pTarget, BOOL bDisableIfNoHndler)
    {
        CToolBar::OnUpdateCmdUI (pTarget, bDisableIfNoHndler);
        CString string = GetTypefaceAtCaret ();
        if (m_wndComboBox.SelectString (-1, string) == CB_ERR)
        m_wndComboBox.SetCurSel (-1);
    }
    一定要在OnUpdateCmdUI中调用CToolBar::OnUpdateCmdUI

7.使工具栏永久化

    框架窗口的OnCreate（）中调用CFrameWnd::SaveBarState()
    在OnClose（）和OnEndSession中（）调用CFrameWnd::LoadBarState()

    停靠式工具栏是框架窗口的子窗口，浮动窗工具栏是围绕着它的小型框架窗口的字窗口，小型框架窗口是框架窗口的弹出式窗口。
    因为弹出式窗口是在框架窗口之前被清除，而子窗口则在他们的父窗口之后被清除，所以，不能在OnDestroy中调用SaveBarState().

8.杂项

    给CToolBar::CreateEx()传递CBRS_GRIPPER样式用于在工具栏的左边缘画一细竖杠或“架子”

二、状态栏  

1、创建和初始化

    CStatusBar::SetIndicators() specifies the number of panes the status bar will contain and optionally assigns string resources to individual panes.

    简单的：
        （1）指定字符串资源ID
        （2）连接窗格和更新函数

    // In the RC file
        STRINGTABLE
        BEGIN
            ID_INDICATOR_INS "INS"
        END

    // In CMainFrame's message map
        ON_UPDATE_COMMAND_UI (ID_INDICATOR_INS, OnUpdateIndicator)    //也可以在文档或视图中

    // In CMainFrame::OnCreate
        static UINT nIndicators[] = {
        ID_SEPARATOR,
        ID_INDICATOR_INS
        };

        m_wndStatusBar.Create (this);
        m_wndStatusBar.SetIndicators (nIndicators, 2);
 

    主框架在 CFrameWnd::OnUpdateKeyIndicator（） 中保持这些指示符的同步：
    static UINT nIndicators[] = {
        ID_SEPARATOR,
        ID_INDICATOR_CAPS,
        ID_INDICATOR_NUM,
        ID_INDICATOR_SCRL
    };

2、为菜单项提供上下文相关帮助

    如果给第一个窗格赋予ID: ID_SEPARATOR,则启用了该功能

    AFX_IDS_IDLEMESSAGE "Ready" ：在没有菜单拉下或菜单项选中时，主框架会在状态栏中显示"Ready"

3.创建自定义状态栏窗格

    在状态栏中添加窗格,并利用CStaturBar::SetPaneInfo() 调整窗格大小.

	Style	Description
	SBPS_NOBORDERS	Draws the pane flush with the surface of the status bar.
	SBPS_POPOUT	Draws the pane so that it protrudes from the status bar.
	SBPS_NORMAL	Draws the pane so that it is indented into the status bar.
	SBPS_DISABLED	Disables the pane. Disabled panes don't display text.
	SBPS_STRETCH	Stretches the pane to fill unused space when the status bar is resized. Only one pane per status bar can have this style.
	SBPS_OWNERDRAW	Creates an owner-draw pane.

	static UINT nIndicators[] = { ID_SEPARATOR, ID_SEPARATOR, ID_SEPARATOR }; m_wndStatusBar.Create (this); m_wndStatusBar.SetIndicators (nIndicators, 3); m_wndStatusBar.SetPaneInfo (0, ID_SEPARATOR, SBPS_NOBORDERS, 64); m_wndStatusBar.SetPaneInfo (1, ID_SEPARATOR, SBPS_POPOUT, 64); m_wndStatusBar.SetPaneInfo (2, ID_SEPARATOR, SBPS_NORMAL ¦SBPS_STRETCH, 0);

4.更新窗格文本：
    (1) CStatusBar::SetPaneText
    (2)给窗格映射一个更新函数，并由此函数调用CmdUI:SetText

    给字符串一个虚设值，则MFC用该字符串的宽度调整状态栏窗格的大小 _T("MMMMM").
    文本前加'/t'则文本会居中，两个"/t/t"则窗格文本会左右对齐。

   
三、组合栏

• Create, which creates a rebar from a CReBar object
• GetReBarCtrl, which returns a CReBarCtrl reference to the underlying rebar control
• AddBar, which adds a band to the rebar

    m_bitmap.LoadBitmap (IDB_BKGND);
    m_wndToolBar.CreateEx (this, TBSTYLE_FLAT | TBSTYLE_TRANSPARENT);
    m_wndToolBar.LoadToolBar (IDR_TOOLBAR);
    m_wndReBar.Create (this);
    m_wndReBar.AddBar (&m_wndToolBar, _T ("Main"), &m_bitmap);

     When you use a background bitmap in this manner, it's important to create the toolbar with the styles TBSTYLE_FLAT and TBSTYLE_TRANSPARENT and to use light gray as the toolbar buttons' background color.