Dialog & Windows 使用技巧

最新推荐文章于 2022-10-10 22:56:54 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2022-10-10 22:56:54 发布

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分类专栏： Win32 / VC / MFC 文章标签： dialog windows c++ application menu insert

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1. 在任务栏隐藏对话框

ModifyStyleEx(WS_EX_APPWINDOW, WS_EX_TOOLWINDOW);

2. 使对话框为顶层窗口

SetWindowPos(&this->wndTopMost, 0, 0, 0, 0, SWP_NOMOVE|SWP_NOSIZE);

3. 在运行时添加最大化，最小化按钮

    SetWindowLong(this->m_hWnd, GWL_STYLE,
                  GetWindowLong(this->m_hWnd, GWL_STYLE) |
                  WS_MINIMIZEBOX | WS_MAXIMIZEBOX);
     UpdateWindow();

4. 当对话框一部分在屏幕外时，显示全部对话框

SendMessage(DM_REPOSITION);

5. 改变鼠标外形

    添加 WM_SETCURSOR 消息映射函数

    BOOL CTest6Dlg::OnSetCursor(CWnd* pWnd, UINT nHitTest, UINT message)
    {
         SetCursor(AfxGetApp()->LoadStandardCursor(IDC_HELP));

         return 0;
    }

6. 改变对话框背景色和文本颜色

在CTest6App的InitInstance中添加

SetDialogBkColor(RGB(255,0,0), RGB(0,255,0));

7. 改变对话框caption上的图标

导入自己的图标资源到工程中，把原来ID为 IDR_MAINFRAME 的资源删除，把新的图标的ID命名为IDR_MAINFRAME

8. 在主对话框显示前，显示一个login对话框

     BOOL CTest6App::InitInstance()
     {
        //...
        int nResponse;
        CLoginDlg loginDlg;

        nResponse = loginDlg.DoModal();
        if (nResponse == IDOK)
        {
        }
        if (nResponse == IDCANCEL)
        {
               return FALSE;
        }

        CTest6Dlg dlg;
        m_pMainWnd = &dlg;
        int nResponse = dlg.DoModal();
        if (nResponse == IDOK )
        {
        }
        else if (nResponse == IDCANCEL)
        {
        }
        return FALSE;
     }

9. 在对话框中添加工具栏

    方法一：添加以下代码到 OnInitDialog 中

     if ( !m_wndToolBar.Create(this) || !m_wndToolBar.LoadToolBar(IDR_TOOLBAR1) )
     {
        TRACE0("Failed to Create Dialog Toolbar/n");
        EndDialog(IDCANCEL);
     }

     CRect rcClientOld; // 久客户区RECT
     CRect rcClientNew; // 加入TOOLBAR后的CLIENT RECT
     GetClientRect(rcClientOld); //
     // Called to reposition and resize control bars in the client area of a window
     // The reposQuery FLAG does not really traw the Toolbar. It only does the calculations.
     // And puts the new ClientRect values in rcClientNew so we can do the rest of the Math.
     //重新计算RECT大小
     RepositionBars(AFX_IDW_CONTROLBAR_FIRST,
                       AFX_IDW_CONTROLBAR_LAST,
                       0,
                       reposQuery,
                       rcClientNew);

    // All of the Child Windows (Controls) now need to be moved so the Tollbar does not cover them up.
     //所有的子窗口将被移动，以免被TOOLBAR覆盖
     // Offest to move all child controls after adding Tollbar
     //计算移动的距离
     CPoint ptOffset(rcClientNew.left-rcClientOld.left,
       rcClientNew.top-rcClientOld.top);

     CRect rcChild;
     CWnd* pwndChild = GetWindow(GW_CHILD); //得到子窗口
     while(pwndChild) // 处理所有子窗口
     {
        //移动所有子窗口
         pwndChild->GetWindowRect(rcChild);
        ScreenToClient(rcChild);
        rcChild.OffsetRect(ptOffset);
        pwndChild->MoveWindow(rcChild,FALSE);
        pwndChild = pwndChild->GetNextWindow();
     }

     CRect rcWindow;
     GetWindowRect(rcWindow); // 得到对话框RECT
     rcWindow.right += rcClientOld.Width() - rcClientNew.Width(); // 修改对话框尺寸
     rcWindow.bottom += rcClientOld.Height() - rcClientNew.Height();
     MoveWindow(rcWindow,FALSE); // Redraw Window

     RepositionBars(AFX_IDW_CONTROLBAR_FIRST,AFX_IDW_CONTROLBAR_LAST,0);

    方法二：

         http://www.codeproject.com/dialog/dlgtoolstatusbar.asp

10.响应对话框的最大化、最小化、关闭、恢复事件

     方法一：添加 WM_SYSCOMMAND 消息映射函数

     void CTest6Dlg::OnSysCommand(UINT nID, LPARAM lParam)
     {
        if ( (nID & 0xFFF0) == IDM_ABOUTBOX )
        {
               CAboutDlg dlgAbout;
               dlgAbout.DoModal();
    }
     else
     {
        if ( nID == SC_MAXIMIZE )
        {
               AfxMessageBox(_T("最大化"));
        }
        else if ( nID == SC_MINIMIZE )
        {
               AfxMessageBox(_T("最小化"));
        }
        else if ( nID == SC_CLOSE )
        {
               AfxMessageBox(_T("关闭"));
        }

        CDialog::OnSysCommand(nID, lParam);
    }

     方法二：添加 WM_SIZE 消息映射函数

     void CTest6Dlg::OnSize(UINT nType, int cx, int cy)
     {
        CDialog::OnSize(nType, cx, cy);

        if ( nType == SIZE_MAXIMIZED )
        {
               AfxMessageBox(_T("最大化"));
        }
        else if ( nType == SIZE_MINIMIZED )
        {
               AfxMessageBox(_T("最小化"));
        }
        else if ( nType == SIZE_RESTORED )
        {
               AfxMessageBox(_T("恢复"));
        }
     }

11.代码实现窗口最小化，最大化，关闭

PostMessage(WM_SYSCOMMAND, SC_MINIMIZE);
PostMessage(WM_SYSCOMMAND, SC_MAXIMIZE);
PostMessage(WM_SYSCOMMAND, SC_CLOSE);

12.按下ESC和ENTER键时禁止关闭对话框

    方法一：

     (1) 重载OnCancel和OnOk，屏蔽其中的CDialog::OnCancel()和CDialog::OnOk();
     (2) 添加以下代码
     void CTest6Dlg::OnSysCommand(UINT nID, LPARAM lParam)
     {
         if ((nID & 0xFFF0) == IDM_ABOUTBOX)
          {
             CAboutDlg dlgAbout;   //if you have an about dialog
              dlgAbout.DoModal();
          }
          else if ((nID & 0xFFF0) == SC_CLOSE)
          {
              //用户点击右上角"X"
              EndDialog(IDOK);

          }
          else
          {
              CDialog::OnSysCommand(nID, lParam);
          }
     }

    方法二：

     BOOL CTest6Dlg::PreTranslateMessage(MSG* pMsg)
     {
        if ( pMsg->message == WM_KEYDOWN )
        {
               switch(pMsg->wParam)
               {
               case VK_ESCAPE:
                return TRUE; //直接返回TRUE
                break;
               case VK_RETURN:
                return TRUE;
                break;
               }
        }
        return CDialog::PreTranslateMessage(pMsg);
     }

     方法三：
         Q122489：How to Disable Default Pushbutton Handling for MFC Dialog
         http://support.microsoft.com/kb/122489/en-us

13.在对话框中处理键盘鼠标消息

处理PreTranslateMessage消息

以下代码示例只演示了键盘WM_KEYDOWN消息，你也可以处理鼠标消息，比如WM_LBUTTONDOWN,WM_LBUTTONUP,WM_RBUTTONDOWN等。

BOOL CTest6Dlg::PreTranslateMessage(MSG* pMsg)
{
    /**********************************************************/
    /*    当焦点在combobox(drop down风格)的edit上,响应回车            */
    /***********************************************************/
    if ( pMsg->message == WM_KEYDOWN )
    {
        switch( pMsg->wParam )
        {
        case VK_RETURN:
            CEdit *pEdit = (CEdit*)m_combo1.GetWindow(GW_CHILD);
            if(pMsg->hwnd == pEdit->m_hWnd )
            {
   AfxMessageBox("在combobox的edit中按下了Enter!");
            }
            return TRUE;
        }
    }

    /****************************************/
    /*   ALT为WM_SYSKEYDOWN                  */
    /****************************************/
    if( pMsg->message == WM_SYSKEYDOWN )
    {
        switch( pMsg->wParam )
        {
        case VK_F1:
            if(::GetKeyState(VK_MENU) < 0)//ALT+F1
            {
                AfxMessageBox("按下了ALT+F1");
                return TRUE;
            }
        }
    }

    /****************************************/
    /*     在clistctrl中按ctrl+A选中所有项 */
    /****************************************/
    if( pMsg->message == WM_KEYDOWN )
    {
        if(pMsg->hwnd == GetDlgItem(IDC_LIST1)->m_hWnd)
        {
            switch( pMsg->wParam )
            {
            case 65://A
            if(::GetKeyState(VK_CONTROL) < 0)//Shift+enter
            {
                    for(int i=0; i<m_list.GetItemCount(); i++)
                    {
                        m_list.SetItemState(i, LVIS_SELECTED|LVIS_FOCUSED,
                                            LVIS_SELECTED|LVIS_FOCUSED);
                    }
            }
            return TRUE;
            }
        }
    }

    /****************************************/
    /*    当焦点在combobox,弹出自定义菜单   */
    /****************************************/
    if(pMsg->message == WM_RBUTTONDOWN)
    {
        CEdit *pEdit = (CEdit*)m_combo1.GetWindow(GW_CHILD);
        if(pMsg->hwnd == pEdit->m_hWnd)
        {
            DWORD dwPos = GetMessagePos();
            CPoint point( LOWORD(dwPos), HIWORD(dwPos) );
            ScreenToClient(&point);
            ClientToScreen(&point);

            CMenu menu;
            VERIFY( menu.LoadMenu( IDR_MENU1 ) );
            CMenu* popup = menu.GetSubMenu(0);
            ASSERT( popup != NULL );
            popup->TrackPopupMenu(TPM_LEFTALIGN | TPM_RIGHTBUTTON, point.x, point.y, this );
        }
    }

    return CDialog::PreTranslateMessage(pMsg);
}

14.对话框启动即隐藏

    添加 WM_SHOWWINDOW 的消息映射

     void CTest6Dlg::OnShowWindow(BOOL bShow, UINT nStatus)
     {
        if ( GetStyle() & WS_VISIBLE )
        {
               CDialog::OnShowWindow(bShow, nStatus);
        }
        else
        {
               long Style = ::GetWindowLong(*this, GWL_STYLE);
               ::SetWindowLong(*this, GWL_STYLE, Style | WS_VISIBLE);
               CDialog::OnShowWindow(SW_HIDE, nStatus);
        }
     }

15.对话框自动停靠在屏幕边

    const int DETASTEP = 50;
     BOOL AdjustPos(CWnd *pWnd, CRect* lpRect)
     {
        //自动靠边
        int iSX = GetSystemMetrics(SM_CXFULLSCREEN);
        int iSY = GetSystemMetrics(SM_CYFULLSCREEN);
        RECT rWorkArea;
        BOOL bResult = SystemParametersInfo(SPI_GETWORKAREA, sizeof(RECT), &rWorkArea, 0);

        CRect rcWA;
        if ( !bResult )
        {
            //如果调用不成功就利用GetSystemMetrics获取屏幕面积
            rcWA = CRect(0,0,iSX,iSY);
        }
        else
            rcWA = rWorkArea;

        int iX = lpRect->left;
        int iY = lpRect->top;
        if ( iX < rcWA.left + DETASTEP && iX!=rcWA.left )
        {
            //调整左
            pWnd->SetWindowPos(NULL,rcWA.left,iY,0,0,SWP_NOSIZE);
            lpRect->OffsetRect(rcWA.left-iX,0);
            AdjustPos(lpRect);
            return TRUE;
        }
        if ( iY < rcWA.top + DETASTEP && iY!=rcWA.top )
        {
            //调整上
            pWnd->SetWindowPos(NULL ,iX,rcWA.top,0,0,SWP_NOSIZE);
            lpRect->OffsetRect(0,rcWA.top-iY);
            AdjustPos(lpRect);
            return TRUE;
        }
        if ( iX + lpRect->Width() > rcWA.right - DETASTEP && iX !=rcWA.right-lpRect->Width() )
        {
            //调整右
            pWnd->SetWindowPos(NULL ,rcWA.right-rcW.Width(),iY,0,0,SWP_NOSIZE);
            lpRect->OffsetRect(rcWA.right-lpRect->right,0);
            AdjustPos(lpRect);
            return TRUE;
        }
        if ( iY + lpRect->Height() > rcWA.bottom - DETASTEP && iY !=rcWA.bottom-lpRect->Height() )
        {
            //调整下
            pWnd->SetWindowPos(NULL ,iX,rcWA.bottom-rcW.Height(),0,0,SWP_NOSIZE);
            lpRect->OffsetRect(0,rcWA.bottom-lpRect->bottom);
            return TRUE;
        }
        return FALSE;
    }

    //然后在ONMOVEING事件中使用如下过程调用
    CRect r=*pRect;
    AdjustPos(this, &r);
    *pRect=(RECT)r;

16.单击窗口任意位置都可拖动窗口

     添加 WM_LBUTTONDOWN 的消息映射
     void CTest6Dlg::OnLButtonDown(UINT nFlags, CPoint point)
     {
        PostMessage(WM_NCLBUTTONDOWN, HTCAPTION, 0);

        CDialog::OnLButtonDown(nFlags, point);
     }

     或者参考
        http://msdn.microsoft.com/msdnmag/issues/02/12/CQA/default.aspx

17.用Enter键替换Tab键实现焦点切换

     BOOL CTest6Dlg::PreTranslateMessage(MSG* pMsg)
     {
        if ( pMsg->message == WM_KEYDOWN )
          {
              if ( pMsg->wParam == VK_RETURN )
                   pMsg->wParam = VK_TAB;
          }
          return CDialog::PreTranslateMessage(pMsg);
     }

18.在对话框添加快捷键

     (1) 在CXXXApp中类中添加声明
        HACCEL m_haccel;
     (2) 在resource view中右键点击树的根目录，选择insert，添加一个新的Accelerator，默认ID为IDR_ACCELERATOR1。
         在其中添加相应菜单的快捷键。
     (3) 在BOOL CXXXApp::InitInstance()中添加代码
        m_haccel = LoadAccelerators(AfxGetInstanceHandle(), MAKEINTRESOURCE(IDR_ACCELERATOR1));
     (4) 添加CXXXApp类的 ProcessMessageFilter 消息映射函数
         BOOL CTest6App::ProcessMessageFilter(int code, LPMSG lpMsg)
         {
              if ( m_haccel )
              {
                  if ( ::TranslateAccelerator(m_pMainWnd->m_hWnd, m_haccel, lpMsg) )
                       return TRUE;
              }
              return CWinApp::ProcessMessageFilter(code, lpMsg);
         }

或者参考
Q100770：How to use accelerator keys and a main menu on the dialog box in Visual C++
http://support.microsoft.com/kb/100770/en-us

19.对话框全屏

    int cx, cy;
    HDC dc = ::GetDC(NULL);
    cx = GetDeviceCaps(dc,HORZRES) + GetSystemMetrics(SM_CXBORDER);
    cy = GetDeviceCaps(dc,VERTRES) + GetSystemMetrics(SM_CYBORDER);
    ::ReleaseDC(0,dc);

    // Remove caption and border
    SetWindowLong(m_hWnd, GWL_STYLE,
                    GetWindowLong(m_hWnd, GWL_STYLE) & (~(WS_CAPTION | WS_BORDER)));

    // Put window on top and expand it to fill screen
    ::SetWindowPos(m_hWnd, HWND_TOPMOST,
          -(GetSystemMetrics(SM_CXBORDER)+1),
          -(GetSystemMetrics(SM_CYBORDER)+1),
          cx+1,cy+1, SWP_NOZORDER);
    或参考
        http://www.codeguru.com/cpp/w-d/dislog/dialog-basedapplications/article.php/c1837/

20.控制对话框最大最小尺寸

    (1) 对话框的属性的必须是resizing的
    (2) 打开classwizard->class info标签页->message filter中选择window
    (3) 添加 WM_GETMINMAXINFO 消息映射
        void CTest6Dlg::OnGetMinMaxInfo(MINMAXINFO *lpMMI)
        {
             lpMMI->ptMinTrackSize = CPoint(200, 200);
        }

21. 创建无模式对话框

Q103788：Creating a Modeless Dialog Box with MFC Libraries
http://support.microsoft.com/kb/103788/EN-US/

22.在对话框中改变菜单项状态(enable/disable, check/uncheck, change text)

Q242577：You cannot change the state of a menu item from its command user-interface handler if the menu is attached to a dialog box in Visual C++
http://support.microsoft.com/kb/242577/en-us