linux安装python3.9.6

一、编译python依赖很多库，首选使用如下命令安装依赖库：

1.第一步，打开\etc\apt\sources.list文件；

2.添加：

deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic main

3.执行以下命令：

sudo apt-get update

 4.执行以下命令“”

sudo apt-get install build-essential gdb lcov pkg-config       libbz2-dev libffi-dev liblzma-dev       libncurses5-dev libreadline6-dev libsqlite3-dev libssl-dev       lzma lzma-dev tk-dev uuid-dev zlib1g-dev libgdbm-dev

二、configure ，使用以下命令查看python中configure的选项：

./configure -h

可以看出以下： 

`configure' configures python 3.9 to adapt to many kinds of systems.

Usage: ./configure [OPTION]... [VAR=VALUE]...

To assign environment variables (e.g., CC, CFLAGS...), specify them as
VAR=VALUE.  See below for descriptions of some of the useful variables.

Defaults for the options are specified in brackets.

Configuration:
  -h, --help              display this help and exit
      --help=short        display options specific to this package
      --help=recursive    display the short help of all the included packages
  -V, --version           display version information and exit
  -q, --quiet, --silent   do not print `checking ...' messages
      --cache-file=FILE   cache test results in FILE [disabled]
  -C, --config-cache      alias for `--cache-file=config.cache'
  -n, --no-create         do not create output files
      --srcdir=DIR        find the sources in DIR [configure dir or `..']

Installation directories:
  --prefix=PREFIX         install architecture-independent files in PREFIX
                          [/usr/local]
  --exec-prefix=EPREFIX   install architecture-dependent files in EPREFIX
                          [PREFIX]

By default, `make install' will install all the files in
`/usr/local/bin', `/usr/local/lib' etc.  You can specify
an installation prefix other than `/usr/local' using `--prefix',
for instance `--prefix=$HOME'.

For better control, use the options below.

Fine tuning of the installation directories:
  --bindir=DIR            user executables [EPREFIX/bin]
  --sbindir=DIR           system admin executables [EPREFIX/sbin]
  --libexecdir=DIR        program executables [EPREFIX/libexec]
  --sysconfdir=DIR        read-only single-machine data [PREFIX/etc]
  --sharedstatedir=DIR    modifiable architecture-independent data [PREFIX/com]
  --localstatedir=DIR     modifiable single-machine data [PREFIX/var]
  --libdir=DIR            object code libraries [EPREFIX/lib]
  --includedir=DIR        C header files [PREFIX/include]
  --oldincludedir=DIR     C header files for non-gcc [/usr/include]
  --datarootdir=DIR       read-only arch.-independent data root [PREFIX/share]
  --datadir=DIR           read-only architecture-independent data [DATAROOTDIR]
  --infodir=DIR           info documentation [DATAROOTDIR/info]
  --localedir=DIR         locale-dependent data [DATAROOTDIR/locale]
  --mandir=DIR            man documentation [DATAROOTDIR/man]
  --docdir=DIR            documentation root [DATAROOTDIR/doc/python]
  --htmldir=DIR           html documentation [DOCDIR]
  --dvidir=DIR            dvi documentation [DOCDIR]
  --pdfdir=DIR            pdf documentation [DOCDIR]
  --psdir=DIR             ps documentation [DOCDIR]

System types:
  --build=BUILD     configure for building on BUILD [guessed]
  --host=HOST       cross-compile to build programs to run on HOST [BUILD]

Optional Features:
  --disable-option-checking  ignore unrecognized --enable/--with options
  --disable-FEATURE       do not include FEATURE (same as --enable-FEATURE=no)
  --enable-FEATURE[=ARG]  include FEATURE [ARG=yes]
  --enable-universalsdk[=SDKDIR]
                          create a universal binary build. SDKDIR specifies
                          which macOS SDK should be used to perform the build,
                          see Mac/README.rst. (default is no)
  --enable-framework[=INSTALLDIR]
                          create a Python.framework rather than a traditional
                          Unix install. optional INSTALLDIR specifies the
                          installation path. see Mac/README.rst (default is
                          no)
  --enable-shared         enable building a shared Python library (default is
                          no)
  --enable-profiling      enable C-level code profiling with gprof (default is
                          no)
  --enable-optimizations  enable expensive, stable optimizations (PGO, etc.)
                          (default is no)
  --enable-loadable-sqlite-extensions
                          support loadable extensions in _sqlite module, see
                          Doc/library/sqlite3.rst (default is no)
  --enable-ipv6           enable ipv6 (with ipv4) support, see
                          Doc/library/socket.rst (default is yes if supported)
  --enable-big-digits[=15|30]
                          use big digits (30 or 15 bits) for Python longs
                          (default is system-dependent)]

Optional Packages:
  --with-PACKAGE[=ARG]    use PACKAGE [ARG=yes]
  --without-PACKAGE       do not use PACKAGE (same as --with-PACKAGE=no)
  --with-universal-archs=ARCH
                          specify the kind of macOS universal binary that
                          should be created. This option is only valid when
                          --enable-universalsdk is set; options are:
                          ("universal2", "intel-64", "intel-32", "intel",
                          "32-bit", "64-bit", "3-way", or "all") see
                          Mac/README.rst
  --with-framework-name=FRAMEWORK
                          specify the name for the python framework on macOS
                          only valid when --enable-framework is set. see
                          Mac/README.rst (default is 'Python')
  --with-cxx-main[=COMPILER]
                          compile main() and link Python executable with C++
                          compiler specified in COMPILER (default is $CXX)
  --with-suffix=SUFFIX    set executable suffix to SUFFIX (default is '.exe')
  --with-pydebug          build with Py_DEBUG defined (default is no)
  --with-trace-refs       enable tracing references for debugging purpose
                          (default is no)
  --with-assertions       build with C assertions enabled (default is no)
  --with-lto              enable Link-Time-Optimization in any build (default
                          is no)
  --with-hash-algorithm=[fnv|siphash24]
                          select hash algorithm for use in Python/pyhash.c
                          (default is SipHash24)
  --with-tzpath=<list of absolute paths separated by pathsep>
                           Select the default time zone search path for zoneinfo.TZPATH

  --with-address-sanitizer
                          enable AddressSanitizer memory error detector,
                          'asan' (default is no)
  --with-memory-sanitizer enable MemorySanitizer allocation error detector,
                          'msan' (default is no)
  --with-undefined-behavior-sanitizer
                          enable UndefinedBehaviorSanitizer undefined
                          behaviour detector, 'ubsan' (default is no)
  --with-libs='lib1 ...'  link against additional libs (default is no)
  --with-system-expat     build pyexpat module using an installed expat
                          library, see Doc/library/pyexpat.rst (default is no)
  --with-system-ffi       build _ctypes module using an installed ffi library,
                          see Doc/library/ctypes.rst (default is
                          system-dependent)
  --with-system-libmpdec  build _decimal module using an installed libmpdec
                          library, see Doc/library/decimal.rst (default is no)
  --with-decimal-contextvar
                          build _decimal module using a coroutine-local rather
                          than a thread-local context (default is yes)
  --with-tcltk-includes='-I...'
                          override search for Tcl and Tk include files
  --with-tcltk-libs='-L...'
                          override search for Tcl and Tk libs
  --with-dbmliborder=db1:db2:...
                          override order to check db backends for dbm; a valid
                          value is a colon separated string with the backend
                          names `ndbm', `gdbm' and `bdb'.
  --with-doc-strings      enable documentation strings (default is yes)
  --with-pymalloc         enable specialized mallocs (default is yes)
  --with-c-locale-coercion
                          enable C locale coercion to a UTF-8 based locale
                          (default is yes)
  --with-valgrind         enable Valgrind support (default is no)
  --with-dtrace           enable DTrace support (default is no)
  --with-libm=STRING      override libm math library to STRING (default is
                          system-dependent)
  --with-libc=STRING      override libc C library to STRING (default is
                          system-dependent)
  --with-platlibdir=DIRNAME
                          Python library directory name (default is "lib")
  --with-computed-gotos   enable computed gotos in evaluation loop (enabled by
                          default on supported compilers)
  --with-ensurepip[=install|upgrade|no]
                          "install" or "upgrade" using bundled pip (default is
                          upgrade)
  --with-openssl=DIR      root of the OpenSSL directory
  --with-ssl-default-suites=[python|openssl|STRING]
                          override default cipher suites string, python: use
                          Python's preferred selection (default), openssl:
                          leave OpenSSL's defaults untouched, STRING: use a
                          custom string, PROTOCOL_SSLv2 ignores the setting,
                          see Doc/library/ssl.rst
  --with-builtin-hashlib-hashes=md5,sha1,sha256,sha512,sha3,blake2
                          builtin hash modules, md5, sha1, sha256, sha512,
                          sha3 (with shake), blake2

Some influential environment variables:
  MACHDEP     name for machine-dependent library files
  CC          C compiler command
  CFLAGS      C compiler flags
  LDFLAGS     linker flags, e.g. -L<lib dir> if you have libraries in a
              nonstandard directory <lib dir>
  LIBS        libraries to pass to the linker, e.g. -l<library>
  CPPFLAGS    (Objective) C/C++ preprocessor flags, e.g. -I<include dir> if
              you have headers in a nonstandard directory <include dir>
  CPP         C preprocessor
  PROFILE_TASK
              Python args for PGO generation task
  PKG_CONFIG  path to pkg-config utility
  PKG_CONFIG_PATH
              directories to add to pkg-config's search path
  PKG_CONFIG_LIBDIR
              path overriding pkg-config's built-in search path

Use these variables to override the choices made by `configure' or to help
it to find libraries and programs with nonstandard names/locations.

Report bugs to <https://bugs.python.org/>.

三、执行如下命令配置安装，我将python安装到：/home/ubuntu/py396，路径下，

./configure --prefix=/home/ubuntu/py396

四、输入如下命令进行编译：

make -j

五、输入如下命令进行安装：

make install

六、执行如下命令，清除编译产生的过程文件：

make clean

七、安装完成！