Java：优化SpringBoot 打包后的jar包体积分离lib和config

彭世瑜

已于 2024-02-21 16:43:49 修改

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分类专栏： java 文章标签： java spring boot jar

于 2023-06-05 21:15:17 首次发布

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本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/mouday/article/details/131056327

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通过打包优化，可以将SpringBoot 打包后的jar包体积大大的减小，加快传输效率，减少部署时间

将SpringBoot 打包后的jar包解压可以得到3个文件夹

$ tree -d
.
├── BOOT-INF
│   ├── classes      # 自己编写的代码
│   └── lib          # 第三方依赖jar
├── META-INF
└── org

正常打包

默认的配置 pom.xml

<build>
    <plugins>
        <plugin>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
        </plugin>
    </plugins>
</build>

启动方式

# 打包
$ maven package

# 启动项目
$ java -jar ./target/demo-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.jar

优化打包

将正常打包后的产物，这里是./target/demo-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.jar，解压

# 拷贝lib文件夹到target目录
cp -R ./target/demo-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT/BOOT-INF/lib ./target

优化的配置 pom.xml

<build>
    <plugins>
        <!-- 跳过测试 -->
        <plugin>
            <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
            <artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>
            <configuration>
                <skipTests>true</skipTests>
            </configuration>
        </plugin>

        <!--spring-boot-->
        <plugin>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>

            <configuration>
                <!--指定项目的启动类-->
                <mainClass>com.example.demo.Application</mainClass>
                <layout>ZIP</layout>

                <!-- 导入依赖 jar -->
                <includes>
                    <include>
                        <groupId>nothing</groupId>
                        <artifactId>nothing</artifactId>
                    </include>
                </includes>
            </configuration>

            <executions>
                <execution>
                    <goals>
                        <!--剔除其它的依赖，只需要保留最简单的结构-->
                        <goal>repackage</goal>
                    </goals>
                </execution>
            </executions>
        </plugin>

        <!--拷贝依赖到jar外面的lib目录-->
        <plugin>
            <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
            <artifactId>maven-dependency-plugin</artifactId>
            <executions>
                <execution>
                    <id>copy-lib</id>
                    <phase>package</phase>
                    <goals>
                        <goal>copy-dependencies</goal>
                    </goals>
                    <configuration>
                        <outputDirectory>${project.build.directory}/lib</outputDirectory>
                        <excludeTransitive>false</excludeTransitive>
                        <stripVersion>false</stripVersion>
                        <includeScope>runtime</includeScope>
                    </configuration>
                </execution>
            </executions>
        </plugin>
    </plugins>
</build>

启动方式

# 打包
$ maven package

# 启动项目
java -Dloader.path=./target/lib -jar ./target/demo-0.0.2-SNAPSHOT.jar

对比优化前后的jar包体积大小，明显可以看到优化后的效果

$ ls -lh target/

25M  demo-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.jar
156K demo-0.0.2-SNAPSHOT.jar

2023-06-24补充

上面的配置方式有一个问题，使用以上配置之后

本地开发环境，通过IDEA直接启动没有问题；不过，命令行方式mvn spring-run:run 启动会报错

通过IDEA直接启动
命令行方式mvn spring-run:run 启动会报错

Exception in thread "main" java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: org/springframework/boot/SpringApplication
        at com.example.demo.Application.main(Application.java:10)
Caused by: java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication
        at java.net.URLClassLoader.findClass(URLClassLoader.java:387)
        at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:418)
        at sun.misc.Launcher$AppClassLoader.loadClass(Launcher.java:355)
        at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:351)
        ... 1 more

解决方式，应该分打包场景来配置插件

项目结构

$ tree 
.
├── Makefile
├── pom.xml
└── src
    └── main
        ├── java
        │   └── com
        │       └── example
        │           └── demo
        │               ├── Application.java
        │               ├── config
        │               │   └── AppConfig.java
        │               └── controller
        │                   └── IndexController.java
        └── resources
            ├── application-dev.yml
            ├── application-pro.yml
            ├── application.yml
            └── assembly.xml

完整 pom.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>2.7.7</version>
        <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
    </parent>

    <groupId>com.example</groupId>
    <artifactId>demo</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.2-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <name>demo</name>
    <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>

    <properties>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
        <mybatis-plus.version>3.5.2</mybatis-plus.version>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
            <scope>runtime</scope>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>

        <!-- test -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>junit</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <!-- 跳过测试 -->
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                <artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>
                <configuration>
                    <skipTests>true</skipTests>
                </configuration>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>

    <profiles>
        <!--开发环境-->
        <profile>
            <id>development</id>

            <activation>
                <!-- 设置默认激活 -->
                <activeByDefault>true</activeByDefault>
            </activation>

            <properties>
                <profile.active>dev</profile.active>
            </properties>

            <build>
                <finalName>${name}-development</finalName>
                <plugins>
                    <plugin>
                        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                        <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
                    </plugin>
                </plugins>
            </build>
        </profile>

        <!--生产环境-->
        <profile>
            <id>production</id>

            <properties>
                <profile.active>pro</profile.active>
            </properties>

            <build>
                <finalName>${name}-production</finalName>
                <plugins>
                    <!-- 生成jar -->
                    <plugin>
                        <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                        <artifactId>maven-jar-plugin</artifactId>
                        <version>3.1.1</version>
                        <configuration>
                            <archive>
                                <!-- 生成的jar中不要包含pom.xml和pom.properties这两个文件 -->
                                <addMavenDescriptor>false</addMavenDescriptor>
                                <manifest>
                                    <addClasspath>true</addClasspath>
                                    <classpathPrefix>lib/</classpathPrefix>
                                    <!--项目的启动类-->
                                    <mainClass>com.example.demo.Application</mainClass>
                                </manifest>
                            </archive>
                        </configuration>
                    </plugin>

                    <!--拷贝依赖到jar外面的lib目录-->
                    <plugin>
                        <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                        <artifactId>maven-dependency-plugin</artifactId>
                        <executions>
                            <execution>
                                <id>copy-lib</id>
                                <phase>package</phase>
                                <goals>
                                    <goal>copy-dependencies</goal>
                                </goals>
                                <configuration>
                                    <outputDirectory>${project.build.directory}/lib</outputDirectory>
                                    <excludeTransitive>false</excludeTransitive>
                                    <stripVersion>false</stripVersion>
                                    <includeScope>runtime</includeScope>
                                </configuration>
                            </execution>
                        </executions>
                    </plugin>

                    <plugin>
                        <artifactId>maven-assembly-plugin</artifactId>
                        <configuration>
                            <!-- 打包后的包名是否包含assembly的id名 -->
                            <appendAssemblyId>false</appendAssemblyId>
                            <!-- tar或者zip包的输出目录 -->
                            <outputDirectory>${project.build.directory}/dist/</outputDirectory>
                            <descriptors>
                                <!-- 引用的assembly配置文件-->
                                <descriptor>src/main/resources/assembly.xml</descriptor>
                            </descriptors>
                        </configuration>
                        <executions>
                            <execution>
                                <id>make-assembly</id>
                                <!-- 绑定到package生命周期阶段上 -->
                                <phase>package</phase>
                                <goals>
                                    <!-- 只运行一次 -->
                                    <goal>single</goal>
                                </goals>
                            </execution>
                        </executions>
                    </plugin>
                </plugins>

                <!--排除resources下面的yml-->
                <resources>
                    <resource>
                        <directory>src/main/resources</directory>
                        <excludes>
                            <exclude>**/application*.yml</exclude>
                            <exclude>**/assembly.xml</exclude>
                        </excludes>
                    </resource>
                </resources>
            </build>
        </profile>
    </profiles>
</project>

assembly.xml

<assembly xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/plugins/maven-assembly-plugin/assembly/1.1.3"
          xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
          xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/plugins/maven-assembly-plugin/assembly/1.1.3 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/assembly-1.1.3.xsd">
    <id>package</id>

    <formats>
        <!-- zip，tar，tar.gz，tgz，tar.bz2，tar.snappy，tar.xz，txz，jar，dir，war -->
        <format>dir</format>
    </formats>

    <includeBaseDirectory>false</includeBaseDirectory>
    <fileSets>

        <!-- config -->
        <fileSet>
            <directory>${basedir}/src/main/resources</directory>
            <includes>
                <include>*.yml</include>
            </includes>
            <filtered>true</filtered>
            <outputDirectory>${file.separator}/config</outputDirectory>
        </fileSet>

        <!-- lib -->
        <fileSet>
            <directory>${project.build.directory}/lib</directory>
            <outputDirectory>${file.separator}/lib</outputDirectory>
            <includes>
                <include>*.jar</include>
            </includes>
        </fileSet>

        <!-- jar -->
        <fileSet>
            <directory>${project.build.directory}</directory>
            <outputDirectory>${file.separator}</outputDirectory>
            <includes>
                <include>*.jar</include>
            </includes>
        </fileSet>
    </fileSets>
</assembly>

不同场景下的配置文件
application.yml

spring:
  profiles:
    # 取pom.xml当中profile当中配置的profile.active标签
    active: @profile.active@

app:
  name: default

application-pro.yml

app:
  name: pro

application-dev.yml

app:
  name: dev

配置类 AppConfig.java

package com.example.demo.config;

import lombok.Data;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;

@Configuration
@Data
public class AppConfig {
    @Value("${app.name}")
    private String name;
}

控制器 IndexController.java

package com.example.demo.controller;

import com.example.demo.config.AppConfig;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

@RestController
public class IndexController {
    @Autowired
    private AppConfig appConfig;

    @GetMapping("/")
    public String index() {
        return "Hello: " + appConfig.getName();
    }
}

启动类 Application.java

package com.example.demo;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;

@SpringBootApplication
public class Application {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		SpringApplication.run(Application.class, args);
	}
}

可以使用 Makefile 整合命令，这样会更方便

Makefile

# 开发环境
.PHONY: dev
dev:
	mvn spring-run:run

# 发布生产环境
.PHONY: build
build:
	mvn clean package -Pproduction

1、启动开发环境

make dev

访问：http://localhost:8080/

响应结果：

Hello: dev

2、发布生产环境

make build

查看打包后的文件，实现了lib和config的分离，自己写的代码仅4.3KB，部署拷贝就快了很多

$ ls -lh target/dist/demo-production

160B Jun 24 22:23 config
4.3K Jun 24 22:23 demo-production.jar
1.1K Jun 24 22:23 lib

启动项目

java -jar demo-production.jar

访问：http://localhost:8080/

响应结果：

Hello: pro

遇到的问题

打包完成之后，发现jar的体积还是很大，几十兆，原因是打包的配置里多配置了如下配置，需要删除

<plugin>
      <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
      <configuration>
          <excludes>
              <exclude>
                  <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
                  <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
              </exclude>
          </excludes>
      </configuration>
  </plugin>

参考文章

彭世瑜

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Java：优化SpringBoot 打包后的jar包体积分离lib和config

通过打包优化，可以将SpringBoot 打包后的jar包体积大大的减小，加快传输效率，减少部署时间将SpringBoot 打包后的jar包解压可以得到3个文件夹。
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