Linux环境下安装Python3

华为云：
https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/python/

1、 下载 Python3代码包
https://www.python.org/downloads/release/python-370/

wget  https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.7.0/Python-3.7.0.tgz

2、解压安装，指定安装路径

tar -zxvf  Python-3.7.0.tgz \
&& cd Python-3.7.0 \
&& ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/python3  \
&& make && make install

3、做软链

 ln -s /usr/local/python3/bin/python3 /usr/local/bin/python3
 ln -s /usr/local/python3/bin/pip3 /usr/local/bin/pip3

添加环境变量

$  vim ~/.bash_profile

# python3
PYTHON_HOME=/usr/local/python3
export PATH=$PATH:$PYTHON_HOME/bin

$ source ~/.bash_profile

4、测试

# python --version
Python 2.7.5

# python3 --version
Python 3.6.5

报错参考

1、centos 解决python3.7 安装时No module named _ssl
或者报错

ImportError: urllib3 v2.0 only supports OpenSSL 1.1.1+

缺少openssl，或者版本不匹配

# 安装依赖
yum install -y zlib zlib-dev openssl-devel sqlite-devel \ 
bzip2-devel libffi libffi-devel gcc gcc-c++ zlib*

# 安装最新版openssl
wget http://www.openssl.org/source/openssl-1.1.1.tar.gz
tar -zxvf openssl-1.1.1.tar.gz
cd openssl-1.1.1
./config --prefix=/usr/local/openssl-1.1.1 shared zlib
make && make install

# 设置环境变量
echo "export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$LD_LIBRARY_PATH:$HOME/openssl/lib" >> $HOME/.bash_profile
source $HOME/.bash_profile

# 解压安装
tar -zxvf Python-3.7.0.tgz
./configure --prefix=$HOME/Py37 --with-openssl=/usr/local/openssl-1.1.1
make && make install
echo $HOME

如果安装完后发现版本还是不对，可以设置环境变量 LD_LIBRARY_PATH

export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/local/openssl-1.1.1/lib:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH

./configure --prefix=/usr/local/python370 --with-openssl=/usr/local/openssl-1.1.1

make && make install

# 检查openssl版本
python3 -c "import ssl; print(ssl.OPENSSL_VERSION)"
OpenSSL 1.0.2k-fips  26 Jan 2017

# 检查openssl版本
python3 -c "import ssl; print(ssl.OPENSSL_VERSION)"
OpenSSL 1.1.1t  7 Feb 2023

如果重新安装，还是无效，可以参考 Python3 编译安装 --with-openssl 无效的问题

安装完成之后，supervisor启动的程序识别不到，可能会报错

ImportError: libssl.so.1.1: cannot open shared object file: No such file or

处理方法，配置环境变量

environment=LD_LIBRARY_PATH="/usr/local/openssl-1.1.1/lib:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH"

参考

• python报错：ImportError: urllib3 v2.0 only supports OpenSSL 1.1.1+
• 【Python爬虫】ImportError: urllib3 v2.0 only supports OpenSSL 1.1.1+, currently the ‘ssl‘ module is comp

2、解决问题：zipimport.ZipImportError: can’t decompress data; zlib not available

yum -y install zlib*

3、问题：

builtins.ModuleNotFoundError: No module named ‘_sqlite3’

yum install sqlite*
然后重新编译python或者重新安装python

4、ModuleNotFoundError: No module named ‘lzma‘

yum install -y xz-devel mesa-libGL python-backports-lzma

然后重新编译python或者重新安装python

参考: ModuleNotFoundError: No module named ‘lzma‘解决方案

参考：
linux下安装python环境