caffe学习（一）Windows下mnist使用lenet训练预测（vs2103 接口c++）

(caffe学习（一）Windows下mnist使用lenet训练预测（vs2103 接口c++），超详细，小白也能配

前言

在完成caffe配置后，可以使用caffe里带的mnist手写字体识别（lenet）验证是否安装成功

训练模型

1.下载mnist数据集

登录官网http://yann.lecun.com/exdb/mnist/下载所需的数据集

2.解压数据生成lmdb文件

下载完四个数据集后解压

在caffe-master程序目录下data\mnist下创建文件夹mnist_train_lmdb并将数据放入其中。

然后在caffe-master目录下创建bat文件create_mnist.bat并写入代码

.\Build\x64\Release\convert_mnist_data.exe .\data\mnist\mnist_train_lmdb\train-images.idx3-ubyte .\data\mnist\mnist_train_lmdb\train-labels.idx1-ubyte .\examples\mnist\mnist_train_lmdb
echo.
.\Build\x64\Release\convert_mnist_data.exe .\data\mnist\mnist_train_lmdb\t10k-images.idx3-ubyte .\data\mnist\mnist_train_lmdb\t10k-labels.idx1-ubyte .\examples\mnist\mnist_test_lmdb
pause

其意思是利用convert_mnist_data.exe生成lmdb文件并放入examples\mnist\mnist_train_lmdb（mnist_test_lmdb）文件夹中
点击运行

之后在examples\mnist会生成两个文件夹。

3.生成均值文件（预测使用）

完成后同样是在caffe-master目录下创建bat文件create_mnist_mean.bat并写入代码

.\Build\x64\Release\compute_image_mean.exe .\examples\mnist\mnist_train_lmdb .\examples\mnist\mean.binaryproto
pause

生成均值文件mean.binaryproto

4.训练caffe模型文件

打开caffe-master\examples\mnist\lenet_solver.prototxt，将设置为solver_mode:GPU，（没有GPU的设置CPU）此处我们采用GPU训练。

接下来修改lenet_train_test.prototxt文件，把内部的所有的地址换成你所对应的数据地址（注意是运行程序的相对地址，也可以写成绝对地址）

完成后在caffe-master目录下创建bat文件train_mnist.bat并写入代码

.\Build\x64\Release\caffe.exe train --solver=.\examples\mnist\lenet_solver.prototxt
pause

双击开始运行，训练完成后会得到相应的准确率和损失率

同时在caffe-master\examples\mnist会生成相应的模型文件

到此就完成了lennet的模型训练。

2.创建vs2013下caffe模型测试程序

1.caffe c++接口

caffe-master\examples\cpp_classification下是有提供caffe的c++接口，我们接下来就是要这个接口来调用预测结果。

2.创建C++程序

按照VS创建c++程序方法创建一个空程序（这里不详细说明）。
创建好了之后就开开始配置相应的内容。

3.添加caffe库

首先在上caffe环境配置的时候已经用caffe生成了对应的build（注意是Release版的，并且要设置caffe为启动程序，然后全部编译）然后把caffe-master\Build\x64\Release复制到当前程序目录下的对应Release运行程序所在文件夹下（注意是放Release内的文件，而不是整个文件夹直接放入）。并且把c++程序设置为Release X64模式下。

4.添加include文件

这部比较复杂，因为需要加入nuget文件的include和caffe下的include
右键程序属性

加入对应的include地址，例如：

PS：…\include == G:\Project\caffe-master\include(注意如果没有将caffe include放入程序里要用G:\Project\caffe-master\include这个地址，最后一个对于cudnn下include的地址供GPU用的）

5.添加lib库

右键程序属性

中加入对应的lib库地址，例如：

PS：其中的…\bin对应的应该是caffe生成的库所在的地址下（G:\Project\caffe-master\Build\x64\Release）而D:\NVIDIA\GPU\lib\x64对应的cuda保存地址下的lib文件大多数人应该是放在C:\Program Files\NVIDIA GPU Computing Toolkit\CUDA\v10.1中的lib。
然后添加lib，同样是在属性中

首先添加caffe的：
caffe.lib
compute_image_mean.lib
convert_imageset.lib
convert_mnist_data.lib
libcaffe.lib
然后添加nuget的：
opencv_highgui2410.lib
opencv_imgproc2410.lib
opencv_objdetect2410.lib
opencv_core2410.lib
opencv_ml2410.lib
libboost_date_time-vc120-mt-gd-1_59.lib
libboost_filesystem-vc120-mt-gd-1_59.lib
libboost_system-vc120-mt-gd-1_59.lib
libglog.lib
hdf5.lib
hdf5_cpp.lib
hdf5_f90cstub.lib
hdf5_fortran.lib
hdf5_hl.lib
hdf5_hl_cpp.lib
hdf5_hl_f90cstub.lib
hdf5_hl_fortran.lib
hdf5_tools.lib
szip.lib
zlib.lib
LevelDb.lib
lmdb.lib
libprotobuf.lib
libopenblas.dll.a
gflags_nothreads.lib
gflags.lib
然后添加GPU需要使用的库（把对应cuda下的所有lib添加下去，不一定与我的相同根据自己的添加）
cublas.lib
cublasLt.lib
cuda.lib
cudadevrt.lib
cudart.lib
cudart_static.lib
cudnn.lib
cufft.lib
cufftw.lib
curand.lib
cusolver.lib
cusolverMg.lib
cusparse.lib
nppc.lib
nppial.lib
nppicc.lib
nppicom.lib
nppidei.lib
nppif.lib
nppig.lib
nppim.lib
nppist.lib
nppisu.lib
nppitc.lib
npps.lib
nvblas.lib
nvgraph.lib
nvjpeg.lib
nvml.lib
nvrtc.lib
OpenCL.lib
这里就完成了配置。

6.编写main函数

事实上是复制前面提到的c++接口函数的代码到main中

#define USE_OPENCV 1
#include <caffe/caffe.hpp>
#ifdef USE_OPENCV
#include <opencv2/core/core.hpp>
#include <opencv2/highgui/highgui.hpp>
#include <opencv2/imgproc/imgproc.hpp>
#endif  // USE_OPENCV
#include <algorithm>
#include <iosfwd>
#include <memory>
#include <string>
#include <utility>
#include <vector>
#include "head.h"

#ifdef USE_OPENCV
using namespace caffe;  // NOLINT(build/namespaces)
using std::string;

/* Pair (label, confidence) representing a prediction. */
typedef std::pair<string, float> Prediction;

class Classifier {
public:
 Classifier(const string& model_file,
  const string& trained_file,
  const string& mean_file,
  const string& label_file);
  
 std::vector<Prediction> Classify(const cv::Mat& img, int N = 5);
 
private:
  void SetMean(const string& mean_file);
  std::vector<float> Predict(const cv::Mat& img);
  void WrapInputLayer(std::vector<cv::Mat>* input_channels);
  void Preprocess(const cv::Mat& img,
  std::vector<cv::Mat>* input_channels);
private:
 shared_ptr<Net<float> > net_;
 cv::Size input_geometry_;
 int num_channels_;
 cv::Mat mean_;
 std::vector<string> labels_;
};

Classifier::Classifier(const string& model_file,
 const string& trained_file,
 const string& mean_file,
 const string& label_file) {
#ifdef CPU_ONLY
 Caffe::set_mode(Caffe::CPU);
#else
 Caffe::set_mode(Caffe::GPU);
#endif
 //Caffe::set_mode(Caffe::GPU);
 /* Load the network. */
 net_.reset(new Net<float>(model_file, TEST));
 net_->CopyTrainedLayersFrom(trained_file);
 CHECK_EQ(net_->num_inputs(), 1) << "Network should have exactly one input.";
 CHECK_EQ(net_->num_outputs(), 1) << "Network should have exactly one output.";
 Blob<float>* input_layer = net_->input_blobs()[0];
 num_channels_ = input_layer->channels();
 CHECK(num_channels_ == 3 || num_channels_ == 1)
  << "Input layer should have 1 or 3 channels.";
 input_geometry_ = cv::Size(input_layer->width(), input_layer->height());
  /* Load the binaryproto mean file. */
 SetMean(mean_file);
 std::ifstream labels(label_file.c_str());
 CHECK(labels) << "Unable to open labels file " << label_file;
 string line;
 while (std::getline(labels, line))
  labels_.push_back(string(line));
 Blob<float>* output_layer = net_->output_blobs()[0];
 CHECK_EQ(labels_.size(), output_layer->channels())
  << "Number of labels is different from the output layer dimension.";
}
/* Return the indices of the top N values of vector v. */
static std::vector<int> Argmax(const std::vector<float>& v, int N) {
 std::vector<std::pair<float, int> > pairs;
 for (size_t i = 0; i < v.size(); ++i)
  pairs.push_back(std::make_pair(v[i], static_cast<int>(i)));
 std::partial_sort(pairs.begin(), pairs.begin() + N, pairs.end(), PairCompare); 
 std::vector<int> result;
 for (int i = 0; i < N; ++i)
  result.push_back(pairs[i].second); 
 return result;
}
/* Return the top N predictions. */
std::vector<Prediction> Classifier::Classify(const cv::Mat& img, int N) {
 std::vector<float> output = Predict(img);
 
 N = std::min<int>(labels_.size(), N);
 std::vector<int> maxN = Argmax(output, N);
 std::vector<Prediction> predictions;
 for (int i = 0; i < N; ++i) {
  int idx = maxN[i];
  predictions.push_back(std::make_pair(labels_[idx], output[idx]));
 }
  return predictions;
}
/* Load the mean file in binaryproto format. */
void Classifier::SetMean(const string& mean_file) {
 BlobProto blob_proto;
 ReadProtoFromBinaryFileOrDie(mean_file.c_str(), &blob_proto);
 /* Convert from BlobProto to Blob<float> */
 Blob<float> mean_blob;
 mean_blob.FromProto(blob_proto);
 CHECK_EQ(mean_blob.channels(), num_channels_)
  << "Number of channels of mean file doesn't match input layer.";
 /* The format of the mean file is planar 32-bit float BGR or grayscale. */
 std::vector<cv::Mat> channels;
 float* data = mean_blob.mutable_cpu_data();
 for (int i = 0; i < num_channels_; ++i) {
  /* Extract an individual channel. */
  cv::Mat channel(mean_blob.height(), mean_blob.width(), CV_32FC1, data);
  channels.push_back(channel);
  data += mean_blob.height() * mean_blob.width();
 }
 /* Merge the separate channels into a single image. */
 cv::Mat mean;
 cv::merge(channels, mean); 
/* Compute the global mean pixel value and create a mean image
 * filled with this value. */
 cv::Scalar channel_mean = cv::mean(mean);
 mean_ = cv::Mat(input_geometry_, mean.type(), channel_mean);
} 

std::vector<float> Classifier::Predict(const cv::Mat& img) {
 Blob<float>* input_layer = net_->input_blobs()[0];
 input_layer->Reshape(1, num_channels_,
  input_geometry_.height, input_geometry_.width);
 /* Forward dimension change to all layers. */
 net_->Reshape();
 std::vector<cv::Mat> input_channels;
 WrapInputLayer(&input_channels);
 Preprocess(img, &input_channels);
 net_->Forward();
 /* Copy the output layer to a std::vector */
 Blob<float>* output_layer = net_->output_blobs()[0];
 const float* begin = output_layer->cpu_data();
 const float* end = begin + output_layer->channels();
 return std::vector<float>(begin, end);
}
/* Wrap the input layer of the network in separate cv::Mat objects
* (one per channel). This way we save one memcpy operation and we
* don't need to rely on cudaMemcpy2D. The last preprocessing
* operation will write the separate channels directly to the input
* layer. */
void Classifier::WrapInputLayer(std::vector<cv::Mat>* input_channels) {
 Blob<float>* input_layer = net_->input_blobs()[0];
 
 int width = input_layer->width();
 int height = input_layer->height();
 float* input_data = input_layer->mutable_cpu_data();
 for (int i = 0; i < input_layer->channels(); ++i) {
  cv::Mat channel(height, width, CV_32FC1, input_data);
  input_channels->push_back(channel);
  input_data += width * height;
 }
}

void Classifier::Preprocess(const cv::Mat& img,
 std::vector<cv::Mat>* input_channels) {
 /* Convert the input image to the input image format of the network. */
 cv::Mat sample;
 if (img.channels() == 3 && num_channels_ == 1)
  cv::cvtColor(img, sample, cv::COLOR_BGR2GRAY);
 else if (img.channels() == 4 && num_channels_ == 1)
  cv::cvtColor(img, sample, cv::COLOR_BGRA2GRAY);
 else if (img.channels() == 4 && num_channels_ == 3)
  cv::cvtColor(img, sample, cv::COLOR_BGRA2BGR);
 else if (img.channels() == 1 && num_channels_ == 3)
  cv::cvtColor(img, sample, cv::COLOR_GRAY2BGR);
 else
  sample = img;

 cv::Mat sample_resized;
 if (sample.size() != input_geometry_)
  cv::resize(sample, sample_resized, input_geometry_);
 else
  sample_resized = sample;
  
 cv::Mat sample_float;
 if (num_channels_ == 3)
  sample_resized.convertTo(sample_float, CV_32FC3);
 else
  sample_resized.convertTo(sample_float, CV_32FC1);

 cv::Mat sample_normalized;
 cv::subtract(sample_float, mean_, sample_normalized);

 /* This operation will write the separate BGR planes directly to the
 * input layer of the network because it is wrapped by the cv::Mat
 * objects in input_channels. */
 cv::split(sample_normalized, *input_channels);
 CHECK(reinterpret_cast<float*>(input_channels->at(0).data)
  == net_->input_blobs()[0]->cpu_data())
  << "Input channels are not wrapping the input layer of the network.";
}

int main(int argc, char** argv) {
 //if (argc != 6) {
 // std::cerr << "Usage: " << argv[0]
 //  << " deploy.prototxt network.caffemodel"
 //  << " mean.binaryproto labels.txt img.jpg" << std::endl;
 // return 1;
 //}

 ::google::InitGoogleLogging(argv[0]);
 //string model_file = argv[1];
 //string trained_file = argv[2];
 //string mean_file = argv[3];
 //string label_file = argv[4];
 string model_file = "lenet.prototxt";
 string trained_file = "lenet_iter_10000.caffemodel";
 string mean_file = "lenet_mean.binaryproto";
 string label_file = "label_file.txt";
 Classifier classifier(model_file, trained_file, mean_file, label_file);
 string file = "..\\img\\1.jpg";
 std::cout << "---------- Prediction for "
  << file << " ----------" << std::endl;
 cv::Mat img = cv::imread(file, -1);
 CHECK(!img.empty()) << "Unable to decode image " << file;
 std::vector<Prediction> predictions = classifier.Classify(img);
 /* Print the top N predictions. */
 for (size_t i = 0; i < predictions.size(); ++i) {
  Prediction p = predictions[i];
  std::cout << std::fixed << std::setprecision(4) << p.second << " - \""
   << p.first << "\"" << std::endl;
 }
 system("pause");
}
#else
int main(int argc, char** argv) {
 LOG(FATAL) << "This example requires OpenCV; compile with USE_OPENCV.";
}
#endif  // USE_OPENCV

然后创建head.h头文件并输入

#include <caffe/common.hpp>
#include <caffe/layer.hpp>
#include <caffe/layer_factory.hpp>
#include <caffe/layers/input_layer.hpp>
#include <caffe/layers/inner_product_layer.hpp>
#include <caffe/layers/dropout_layer.hpp>
#include <caffe/layers/conv_layer.hpp>
#include <caffe/layers/relu_layer.hpp>
#include <caffe/layers/pooling_layer.hpp>
#include <caffe/layers/lrn_layer.hpp>
#include <caffe/layers/softmax_layer.hpp> 

namespace caffe
{
 extern INSTANTIATE_CLASS(InputLayer);
 extern INSTANTIATE_CLASS(InnerProductLayer);
 extern INSTANTIATE_CLASS(DropoutLayer);
 extern INSTANTIATE_CLASS(ConvolutionLayer);
 REGISTER_LAYER_CLASS(Convolution);
 extern INSTANTIATE_CLASS(ReLULayer);
 REGISTER_LAYER_CLASS(ReLU);
 extern INSTANTIATE_CLASS(PoolingLayer);
 REGISTER_LAYER_CLASS(Pooling);
 extern INSTANTIATE_CLASS(LRNLayer);
 REGISTER_LAYER_CLASS(LRN);
 extern INSTANTIATE_CLASS(SoftmaxLayer);
 REGISTER_LAYER_CLASS(Softmax);
}

添加完代码后在把

6个文件移到运行程序所在文件夹下，（这6个文件全在caffe-master\examples\mnist中）。
然后创建label_file.txt并输入

然后保存，并运行程序，最后得到结果：

PS：输入的图片是黑底白字28*28的

总结

如果完成上一步，说明已经初步完成了caffe的调用以及lenet的使用。