时域离散信号的产生

函数汇总

函数	功能
axis([x1,x2,y1,y2])	限制坐标显示范围
real(),imag()	取实虚部
sawtooth	产生锯齿波，三角波
square	产生矩形波
sinc	产生Sa和sinc函数
diric	产生dirichlet和周期sinc函数

信号产生

$\text{单位抽样序列}$

$$\delta (n-k)=\{\begin{array}{llc}1& & n=k\\ 0& & n\ne k\end{array}$$

%% delta函数

figure('color','w');
left1=-5;right1=7;caiyang1=1;%左端-5，右端7，在1处采样
n1=left1:right1;
x1=[n1==caiyang1];
stem(n1,x1,'filled');
title('单位采样序列');xlabel('n');ylabel('x(n)')
xlim([left1 right1]); 
ylim([min(x1)-0.5 max(x1)+0.5]);
grid on;grid minor;

$单位阶跃序列$

$$u(n-k)=\{\begin{array}{llc}1& & n\ge k\\ 0& & n<k\end{array}$$

%% u函数
figure('Color','w');
left2=-3;right2=8;caiyang2=2;%左端-3，右端8，从2开始采样
n2 = left2:right2;
x2 = [n2>=caiyang2];
stem(n2,x2,'filled');
title('单位响应序列');xlabel('n');ylabel('x(n)')
xlim([left2 right2]); 
ylim([min(x2)-0.5 max(x2)+0.5]);
grid on;grid minor;

#### $\textcolor{plum}{\small 指数序列}$ $$x(n)=a^n,x(n)=a^nu(n),x(n)=a^{(\delta+j\omega)n}$$

figure('Color','w');
sgtitle('实指数信号');
left3=-4;right3=5;
a1=0.5;a2=2;
n3=left3:right3;
u3= [n3>=0];
x3_1 = a1.^n3;   x3_2 = a2.^n3;
x3_3 = x3_1.*u3; x3_4 = x3_2.*u3;
subplot(221)
stem(n3,x3_1,"filled");title('a=0.5指数序列');xlabel('n');ylabel('x(n)');
grid on;grid minor;
subplot(222)
stem(n3,x3_2,"filled");title('a=2指数序列');xlabel('n');ylabel('x(n)');
grid on;grid minor;
subplot(223);
stem(n3,x3_3,"filled");title('a=0.5物理实现指数序列');xlabel('n');ylabel('x(n)');
grid on;grid minor;
subplot(224);
stem(n3,x3_4,"filled");title('a=2物理实现指数序列');xlabel('n');ylabel('x(n)');
grid on;grid minor;

%% 复指数信号
figure('Color','w');
sgtitle('复指数信号');

sigma = -0.1;omega = 0.6;
n4=0:30;
x4 = exp((sigma+ omega*1j).*n4);
subplot(211);
stem(n4,real(x4),"filled",'color','m');xlabel('n');ylabel('x(n)实部');
grid on;grid minor;

subplot(212);
stem(n4,imag(x4),"filled",'color','c');xlabel('n');ylabel('x(n)虚部');
grid on;grid minor;

$正余弦序列$

$$x(n)=U_{m}sin(\omega n+\theta )$$

%% 正余弦序列
figure('color','w');
sgtitle('不同采样间隔对比');

f=1;Am=7;omega_0=2*pi*f;phi=3;
left5=-2;right5=3;
T=1/f;

%对比不同采样间隔
N1=8;       %采样点8
dt1=T/N1;    %采样时间间隔
N2=4;       %采样点4
dt2=T/N2;    %采样时间间隔
N3=2;
dt3=T/N3;
N4=1;
dt4=T/N4;

n5_1=left5:dt1:right5;
n5_2=left5:dt2:right5;
n5_3=left5:dt3:right5;
n5_4=left5:dt4:right5;
x5_1=Am.*sin(omega_0.*n5_1+phi);
x5_2=Am.*sin(omega_0.*n5_2+phi);
x5_3=Am.*sin(omega_0.*n5_3+phi);
x5_4=Am.*sin(omega_0.*n5_4+phi);

subplot(221);
stem(n5_1,x5_1,"filled",'color','#00FF8B');xlabel('n');ylabel('x(n)');
xlim([left5 right5]); 
ylim([min(x5_1)-3.5 max(x5_1)+3.5]);
grid on;grid minor;
subplot(222);
stem(n5_2,x5_2,"filled",'color','#009BFF');xlabel('n');ylabel('x(n)');
xlim([left5 right5]); 
ylim([min(x5_2)-3.5 max(x5_2)+3.5]);
grid on;grid minor;
subplot(223);
stem(n5_3,x5_3,"filled",'color','#FF8B00');xlabel('n');ylabel('x(n)');
xlim([left5 right5]); 
ylim([min(x5_3)-3.5 max(x5_3)+3.5]);
grid on;grid minor;
subplot(224);
stem(n5_4,x5_4,"filled",'color','#FF4500');xlabel('n');ylabel('x(n)');
xlim([left5 right5]); 
ylim([min(x5_4)-3.5 max(x5_4)+3.5]);
grid on;grid minor;

$锯齿波三角波序列$

%% 锯齿三角波序列

figure('color','w');
sgtitle('锯齿三角波函数不同采样周期对比')
left6=-3;right6=7;
Am2=3;f6=1;T6=1/f6;


%对比不同采样周期
Fs1=16;N6_1=Fs1/f; dt6_1=T6/N6_1;
Fs2=8; N6_2=Fs2/f; dt6_2=T6/N6_2;
Fs3=4; N6_3=Fs3/f; dt6_3=T6/N6_3;
Fs4=2; N6_4=Fs4/f; dt6_4=T6/N6_4;


n6_1=left6:dt6_1:right6;
n6_2=left6:dt6_2:right6;
n6_3=left6:dt6_3:right6;
n6_4=left6:dt6_4:right6;

subplot(221);
x6_1=Am2.*sawtooth(2.*pi.*f.*n6_1);
stem(n6_1,x6_1,"filled",'color','#00FF8B');
xlim([left6 right6]); 
ylim([min(x6_1)-1.5 max(x6_1)+1.5]);
grid on;grid minor;

subplot(222);
x6_2=Am2.*sawtooth(2.*pi.*f.*n6_2);
stem(n6_2,x6_2,"filled",'color','#009BFF');
xlim([left6 right6]); 
ylim([min(x6_2)-1.5 max(x6_2)+1.5]);
grid on;grid minor;

subplot(223);
x6_3=Am2.*sawtooth(2.*pi.*f.*n6_3);
stem(n6_3,x6_3,"filled",'color','#FF8B00');
xlim([left6 right6]); 
ylim([min(x6_3)-1.5 max(x6_3)+1.5]);
grid on;grid minor;

subplot(224);
x6_4=Am2.*sawtooth(2.*pi.*f.*n6_4);
stem(n6_4,x6_4,"filled",'color','#FF4500');
xlim([left6 right6]); 
ylim([min(x6_4)-1.5 max(x6_4)+1.5]);
grid on;grid minor;

$矩形窗函数$

$$w(t)=\sum _{k=-\infty }^{\infty }\text{rect}\left(\frac{t-kT}{T}\right)$$
其中，rect 表示矩形脉冲函数，其定义为：
$$\text{rect}(x)=\{\begin{array}{ll}1,& |x|\le \frac{1}{2}\\ 0,& \text{其他}\end{array}$$

%% 矩形窗序列
figure('color','w');
left7=-5;right7=9;


f7=5;T7=1/f7;

N7=2;dt7=T7/N7;

n7=left7:dt7:right7;
x7=square(2.*pi.*f.*n7,25)+1;%产生幅度是0~2的信号，因为原square产生幅度是-1~1
stem(n7,x7,"filled");
xlim([left7 right7]); 
ylim([min(x7)-1.5 max(x7)+1.5]);
grid on;grid minor;

$Sa,sinc函数$

$$Sa(x)=\frac{sin(x)}{x},sinc(x)=\frac{sin(\pi x)}{\pi x}$$

%% sinc函数

figure('color','w');
left8=-10;right8=10;
n8=left8:right8;
x8=sinc(n8/4);
stem(n8,x8,"filled");
xlim([left8 right8]); 
ylim([min(x8)-1.5 max(x8)+1.5]);
grid on;grid minor;