离散时间傅里叶变换和离散傅里叶变换

$$\{\begin{array}{l}X(k)=\text{DFT}[x(n)]=\sum _{n=0}^{N-1}x(n)W_N^{nk}k=0,1,...,N-1\\ x(n)=\text{IDFT}[X(k)]=\frac{1}{N}\sum _{n=0}^{N-1}x(n)W_N^{-nk}n=0,1,...,N-1\end{array}$$

$$\{\begin{array}{l}X(e^{j\omega })=\text{DTFT}[x(n)]=\sum _{n=-\infty }^{\infty }x(n)e^{-j\omega n}k=0,1,...,N-1\\ x(n)=\text{IDTFT}[X(e^{j\omega })]=\frac{1}{2\pi }{\int }_{-\pi }^{\pi }X(e^{j\omega })e^{j\omega n}d\omega \end{array}$$

自定义dtft()

function [w,X] = dtft(x)
    % DTFT变换
    N = length(x);
    n = 0:N-1;
    w = linspace(-2*pi,2*pi,500); %将[-2pi,2pi]分割成500份
    X = x * exp(-1j*n'*w);
end

自定义dft()

function X = dft(xn)
% 计算离散傅立叶变换（DFT）
N = length(xn);  % 获取序列长度
n = 0:N-1;  % 时间序列
X = zeros(1, N);  % 初始化频域序列
	for k = 0:N-1
	    X(k+1) = sum(xn .* exp(-1i*2*pi*k*n/N));  % 计算DFT的每个频率分量
	end
end

例子：

% DTFT
clear;
xn = [0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7];
[w,X] = dtft(xn);
N = length(xn);
n = 0:N-1;

figure('Color','w');
subplot(2 ,2 ,[1,2])
stem(xn,"filled");
subplot(223)
plot(w,abs(X));
subplot(224)
plot(w,angle(X));

% DFT

clear;
xn = [0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 zeros(1,92)];
X = dft(xn);
N = length(xn);
n = 0:N-1;

figure('Color','w');
subplot(2 ,2 ,[1,2])
stem(xn,"filled");
subplot(223)
stem(abs(X),'filled');
subplot(224)
stem(angle(X),'filled');