scrapy抓取cnblog新闻

tutorial/items.py:项目的items文件
tutorial/pipelines.py:项目的pipelines文件,需要注册到setting.py中,会自动执行process_item方法
tutorial/settings.py:项目的设置文件
tutorial/spiders/:存储爬虫的目录,写好文件后,自动生效

目标:抓取cnblog的标题和新闻

1.新建立一个项目
执行

scrapy startproject cnblog


2.修改item.py,添加title、url、content字段

import scrapy
class CnblogItem(scrapy.Item):
# define the fields for your item here like:
# name = scrapy.Field()
url = scrapy.Field()
title = scrapy.Field()
content = scrapy.Field()
pass



3.新建一个spider,抓取内容

from scrapy.spider import Spider
from scrapy.selector import Selector
import urllib.request
from scrapy.http import Request
from cnblog.items import CnblogItem

class CnSpider(Spider):

#爬虫的名称
name = "cnblog"
#允许爬的域名,防止爬偏了
allowed_domains = ["cnblogs.com","news.cnblogs.com"]

#设置起始的链接,获取全部翻页链接
start_urls = []
for pn in range(1,2):
url = 'https://news.cnblogs.com/n/page/%s/' % pn
start_urls.append(url)

#获取所有的内容页面链接
def parse(self, response):
sel = Selector(response)
news_list = sel.xpath('//h2[@class="news_entry"]')

for new_i in news_list:
new_link=new_i.xpath('a/@href').extract()
link_0=str("https://news.cnblogs.com"+new_link[0])
yield Request(link_0,callback=self.parse_item)

#抓取新闻详细页内容
def parse_item(self,response):
item = CnblogItem()
item['url'] = response.request.url
item['title'] = response.xpath('//div[@id="news_title"]/a/text()').extract()[0]
item['content'] = response.xpath('//div[@id="news_body"]').extract()[0]
yield item


4.定义pipelines,将内容保存到items.jl

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

# Define your item pipelines here
#
# Don't forget to add your pipeline to the ITEM_PIPELINES setting
# See: http://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/item-pipeline.html
import json
from Util import FileUtil


class CnblogPipeline(object):
def __init__(self):
self.file = open('items.jl', 'w')
self.url_seen = set()



def process_item(self, item, spider):
#过滤下重复的数据
if item['url'] in self.url_seen:
raise DropItem("Duplicate item found: %s" % item)
else:
self.url_seen.add(item['url'])
line = json.dumps(dict(item)) + "\n"
self.file.write(line)
FileUtil.saveNews(item['url'],item['title'],item['content'])
return item


5.激活定义的pipelines
修改settings.py

ITEM_PIPELINES = {
'cnblog.pipelines.CnblogPipeline': 300,
}


6.FileUtil.py的代码

from urllib.request import quote
import urllib.request
import sqlite3

class FileUtil:

#根据url下载图片,如果没有设置图片地址,自动保存到D:\\download\\图片名称
def downImg(imgUrl,savePath=None):
imgName=imgUrl.split('/')[-1]
preUrl=imgUrl.replace(imgName,"")
if savePath is None:
savePath="D:\\download\\"+imgName

conn = urllib.request.urlopen(preUrl+quote(imgName))
f = open(savePath,'wb')
f.write(conn.read())
f.close()
print('Saved:'+savePath)

def saveNews(url,title=None,content=None):
if title is None:
title=""
if content is None:
content=""
conn = sqlite3.connect('news.db')
cursor = conn.cursor()
# 执行一条SQL语句,创建user表:
cursor.execute('create table IF NOT EXISTS news (id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, url varchar(100),title vachar(100),content text)')
cursor.execute('select * from news where url=\''+url+'\'')
values=cursor.fetchall()
if len(values) > 0:#链接以前就存在
print('链接已经存在:'+url)
else:
cursor.execute('insert into news (url, title,content) values (\''+url+'\', \''+title+'\', \''+content+'\')')
print("save success."+url)
# 关闭Cursor:
cursor.close()
# 提交事务:
conn.commit()
# 关闭Connection:
conn.close()
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