我们可以借助obj-c中的键值编码(以后简称KVC,Key-Value Coding)来存取类的属性,通过指定所要访问的属性名字符串标示符,可以使用存取器方法来获取或设置类的属性。下面的例子,借助于KVC的功能读取和设置了类Son实例的属性i:
#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
#define msg(...) NSLog(__VA_ARGS__)
#define mki(x) [NSNumber numberWithInt:x]
@interface Son:NSObject{
NSArray *ary;
NSNumber *i;
}
@property NSArray *ary;
@property NSNumber *i;
@end
@implementation Son
@synthesize ary,i;
-(id)init{
return [self init:0];
}
-(id)init:(int)i_v{
self = [super init];
if(self){
ary = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:mki(1),mki(2),mki(10),\
mki(100),nil];
i = [NSNumber numberWithInt:i_v];
}
return self;
}
@end
int main(int argc,char *argv[])
{
@autoreleasepool{
Son *son = [[Son alloc] init];
[son setValue:mki(1001) forKey:@"i"];
msg(@"%@",[son valueForKey:@"i"]);
msg(@"%@",[son valueForKeyPath:@"ary.@count"]);
运行结果如下:
apple@kissAir: objc_src$clang -fobjc-arc -framework Foundation k.m -o k
apple@kissAir: objc_src$./k
2014-07-06 15:51:56.098 k[1386:507] 1001
KVC其中有KeyPath的概念,比如类Baba中有一个属性名为son,其是Son的对象;而类Son中也有属性NSString name,这时我们可以使用KeyPath的语法,像遍历树一样找到最终的属性name:
[baba valueForKeyPath:@"son.name"];
[baba setValue:@"tom" forKeyPath:@"son.name"];
除了遍历对象关系以外,我们还可以访问一些操作对象集合的函数,比如求平均数等等:
下面实际看一个例子
#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
#define msg(...) NSLog(__VA_ARGS__)
#define mki(x) [NSNumber numberWithInt:x]
@interface Son:NSObject{
NSArray *ary;
NSNumber *i;
}
@property NSArray *ary;
@property NSNumber *i;
@end
@implementation Son
@synthesize ary,i;
-(id)init{
return [self init:0];
}
-(id)init:(int)i_v{
self = [super init];
if(self){
ary = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:mki(1),mki(2),mki(10),\
mki(100),nil];
i = [NSNumber numberWithInt:i_v];
}
return self;
}
@end
int main(int argc,char *argv[])
{
@autoreleasepool{
Son *son = [[Son alloc] init];
[son setValue:mki(1001) forKey:@"i"];
msg(@"%@",[son valueForKey:@"i"]);
msg(@"%@",[son valueForKeyPath:@"ary.@count"]);
Son *son0 = [[Son alloc] init:11];
Son *son1 = [[Son alloc] init:200];
Son *son2 = [[Son alloc] init:25];
NSArray *ary = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:son,son0,son1,son2,nil];
msg(@"avg:%@",[ary valueForKeyPath:@"@avg.i"]);
msg(@"sum:%@",[ary valueForKeyPath:@"@sum.i"]);
}
return 0;
}
运行结果如下:
apple@kissAir: objc_src$./k
2014-07-06 15:51:56.098 k[1386:507] 1001
2014-07-06 15:51:56.100 k[1386:507] 4
2014-07-06 15:51:56.100 k[1386:507] avg:309.25
2014-07-06 15:51:56.101 k[1386:507] sum:1237