365深度学习基础营：P3周 Pytorch实现天气识别

 前言

• 🍨 本文為🔗365天深度學習訓練營 中的學習紀錄博客
• 🍖 原作者：K同学啊 | 接輔導、項目定制

  一 我的环境

  电脑：Dell Inspire 7000 i7 9750H

  操作系统：Windows 11

  显卡：NVIDIA GTX 1650 4G

  语言环境：Python 3.11.0

  开发工具：Jupyter Notebook 6.5.4

  深度学习环境：Pytorch 2.2.2

  cuda： 12.2.91

   二 开发过程

• 1. 设置GPU

  import torch
  import torch.nn as nn
  import torchvision.transforms as transforms
  import torchvision
  from torchvision import transforms, datasets
  
  import os,PIL,pathlib,random
  
  device = torch.device("cuda" if torch.cuda.is_available() else "cpu")
  
  device

  2. 导入数据

• data_dir = './data/'
  data_dir = pathlib.Path(data_dir)
  
  data_paths = list(data_dir.glob('*'))
  classeNames = [str(path).split("\\")[1] for path in data_paths]
  classeNames

  import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
  from PIL import Image
  
  # 指定图像文件夹路径
  image_folder = './data/cloudy/'
  
  # 获取文件夹中的所有图像文件
  image_files = [f for f in os.listdir(image_folder) if f.endswith((".jpg", ".png", ".jpeg"))]
  
  # 创建Matplotlib图像
  fig, axes = plt.subplots(3, 8, figsize=(16, 6))
  
  # 使用列表推导式加载和显示图像
  for ax, img_file in zip(axes.flat, image_files):
      img_path = os.path.join(image_folder, img_file)
      img = Image.open(img_path)
      ax.imshow(img)
      ax.axis('off')
  
  # 显示图像
  plt.tight_layout()
  plt.show()

  total_datadir = './data/'
  
  # 关于transforms.Compose的更多介绍可以参考：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_38251616/article/details/124878863
  train_transforms = transforms.Compose([
      transforms.Resize([224, 224]),  # 将输入图片resize成统一尺寸
      transforms.ToTensor(),          # 将PIL Image或numpy.ndarray转换为tensor，并归一化到[0,1]之间
      transforms.Normalize(           # 标准化处理-->转换为标准正太分布（高斯分布），使模型更容易收敛
          mean=[0.485, 0.456, 0.406], 
          std=[0.229, 0.224, 0.225])  # 其中 mean=[0.485,0.456,0.406]与std=[0.229,0.224,0.225] 从数据集中随机抽样计算得到的。
  ])
  
  total_data = datasets.ImageFolder(total_datadir,transform=train_transforms)
  total_data

  3. 划分数据集

• train_size = int(0.8 * len(total_data))
  test_size  = len(total_data) - train_size
  train_dataset, test_dataset = torch.utils.data.random_split(total_data, [train_size, test_size])
  train_dataset, test_dataset
  
  
  batch_size = 32
  
  train_dl = torch.utils.data.DataLoader(train_dataset,
                                         batch_size=batch_size,
                                         shuffle=True,
                                         num_workers=1)
  test_dl = torch.utils.data.DataLoader(test_dataset,
                                        batch_size=batch_size,
                                        shuffle=True,
                                        num_workers=1)
  
  for X, y in test_dl:
      print("Shape of X [N, C, H, W]: ", X.shape)
      print("Shape of y: ", y.shape, y.dtype)
      break

  二、构建简单的CNN网络

• import torch.nn.functional as F
  
  class Network_bn(nn.Module):
      def __init__(self):
          super(Network_bn, self).__init__()
          """
          nn.Conv2d()函数：
          第一个参数（in_channels）是输入的channel数量
          第二个参数（out_channels）是输出的channel数量
          第三个参数（kernel_size）是卷积核大小
          第四个参数（stride）是步长，默认为1
          第五个参数（padding）是填充大小，默认为0
          """
          self.conv1 = nn.Conv2d(in_channels=3, out_channels=12, kernel_size=5, stride=1, padding=0)
          self.bn1 = nn.BatchNorm2d(12)
          self.conv2 = nn.Conv2d(in_channels=12, out_channels=12, kernel_size=5, stride=1, padding=0)
          self.bn2 = nn.BatchNorm2d(12)
          self.pool1 = nn.MaxPool2d(2,2)
          self.conv4 = nn.Conv2d(in_channels=12, out_channels=24, kernel_size=5, stride=1, padding=0)
          self.bn4 = nn.BatchNorm2d(24)
          self.conv5 = nn.Conv2d(in_channels=24, out_channels=24, kernel_size=5, stride=1, padding=0)
          self.bn5 = nn.BatchNorm2d(24)
          self.pool2 = nn.MaxPool2d(2,2)
          self.fc1 = nn.Linear(24*50*50, len(classeNames))
  
      def forward(self, x):
          x = F.relu(self.bn1(self.conv1(x)))      
          x = F.relu(self.bn2(self.conv2(x)))     
          x = self.pool1(x)                        
          x = F.relu(self.bn4(self.conv4(x)))     
          x = F.relu(self.bn5(self.conv5(x)))  
          x = self.pool2(x)                        
          x = x.view(-1, 24*50*50)
          x = self.fc1(x)
  
          return x
  
  device = "cuda" if torch.cuda.is_available() else "cpu"
  print("Using {} device".format(device))
  
  model = Network_bn().to(device)
  model

  三、 训练模型

• loss_fn    = nn.CrossEntropyLoss() # 创建损失函数
  learn_rate = 1e-4 # 学习率
  opt        = torch.optim.SGD(model.parameters(),lr=learn_rate)
  
  # 训练循环
  def train(dataloader, model, loss_fn, optimizer):
      size = len(dataloader.dataset)  # 训练集的大小，一共60000张图片
      num_batches = len(dataloader)   # 批次数目，1875（60000/32）
  
      train_loss, train_acc = 0, 0  # 初始化训练损失和正确率
      
      for X, y in dataloader:  # 获取图片及其标签
          X, y = X.to(device), y.to(device)
          
          # 计算预测误差
          pred = model(X)          # 网络输出
          loss = loss_fn(pred, y)  # 计算网络输出和真实值之间的差距，targets为真实值，计算二者差值即为损失
          
          # 反向传播
          optimizer.zero_grad()  # grad属性归零
          loss.backward()        # 反向传播
          optimizer.step()       # 每一步自动更新
          
          # 记录acc与loss
          train_acc  += (pred.argmax(1) == y).type(torch.float).sum().item()
          train_loss += loss.item()
              
      train_acc  /= size
      train_loss /= num_batches
  
      return train_acc, train_loss
  
  def test (dataloader, model, loss_fn):
      size        = len(dataloader.dataset)  # 测试集的大小，一共10000张图片
      num_batches = len(dataloader)          # 批次数目，313（10000/32=312.5，向上取整）
      test_loss, test_acc = 0, 0
      
      # 当不进行训练时，停止梯度更新，节省计算内存消耗
      with torch.no_grad():
          for imgs, target in dataloader:
              imgs, target = imgs.to(device), target.to(device)
              
              # 计算loss
              target_pred = model(imgs)
              loss        = loss_fn(target_pred, target)
              
              test_loss += loss.item()
              test_acc  += (target_pred.argmax(1) == target).type(torch.float).sum().item()
  
      test_acc  /= size
      test_loss /= num_batches
  
      return test_acc, test_loss
  
  epochs     = 20
  train_loss = []
  train_acc  = []
  test_loss  = []
  test_acc   = []
  
  for epoch in range(epochs):
      model.train()
      epoch_train_acc, epoch_train_loss = train(train_dl, model, loss_fn, opt)
      
      model.eval()
      epoch_test_acc, epoch_test_loss = test(test_dl, model, loss_fn)
      
      train_acc.append(epoch_train_acc)
      train_loss.append(epoch_train_loss)
      test_acc.append(epoch_test_acc)
      test_loss.append(epoch_test_loss)
      
      template = ('Epoch:{:2d}, Train_acc:{:.1f}%, Train_loss:{:.3f}, Test_acc:{:.1f}%，Test_loss:{:.3f}')
      print(template.format(epoch+1, epoch_train_acc*100, epoch_train_loss, epoch_test_acc*100, epoch_test_loss))
  print('Done')
  

  四、 结果可视化

• import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
  #隐藏警告
  import warnings
  warnings.filterwarnings("ignore")               #忽略警告信息
  plt.rcParams['font.sans-serif']    = ['SimHei'] # 用来正常显示中文标签
  plt.rcParams['axes.unicode_minus'] = False      # 用来正常显示负号
  plt.rcParams['figure.dpi']         = 100        #分辨率
  
  epochs_range = range(epochs)
  
  plt.figure(figsize=(12, 3))
  plt.subplot(1, 2, 1)
  
  plt.plot(epochs_range, train_acc, label='Training Accuracy')
  plt.plot(epochs_range, test_acc, label='Test Accuracy')
  plt.legend(loc='lower right')
  plt.title('Training and Validation Accuracy')
  
  plt.subplot(1, 2, 2)
  plt.plot(epochs_range, train_loss, label='Training Loss')
  plt.plot(epochs_range, test_loss, label='Test Loss')
  plt.legend(loc='upper right')
  plt.title('Training and Validation Loss')
  plt.show()

  五、 运行截图

• 六，个人总结

• 最近比较忙。代码前面看明白了，又去研究了一下Transforms的功能，找了例子基本搞懂了。 后面的神经网络感觉需要找个资料深入的了解一下。过程现在清楚，但是具体的函数参数功能需要搞明白，如何应用。