前言
- 🍨 本文為🔗365天深度學習訓練營 中的學習紀錄博客
- 🍖 原作者:K同学啊 | 接輔導、項目定制
一 我的环境
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电脑:Dell Inspire 7000 i7 9750H
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操作系统:Windows 11
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显卡:NVIDIA GTX 1650 4G
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语言环境:Python 3.11.0
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开发工具:Jupyter Notebook 6.5.4
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深度学习环境:Pytorch 2.2.2
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cuda: 12.2.91
二 开发过程
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导入模块
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import torch import torch.nn as nn import matplotlib.pyplot as plt import torchvision
设置硬件
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# 设置硬件设备,如果有GPU则使用,没有则使用cpu device = torch.device("cuda" if torch.cuda.is_available() else "cpu") print(device)
加载数据
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train_ds = torchvision.datasets.MNIST('data', train=True, transform=torchvision.transforms.ToTensor(), # 将数据类型转化为Tensor download=True) test_ds = torchvision.datasets.MNIST('data', train=False, transform=torchvision.transforms.ToTensor(), # 将数据类型转化为Tensor download=True) batch_size = 32 train_dl = torch.utils.data.DataLoader(train_ds, batch_size=batch_size, shuffle=True) test_dl = torch.utils.data.DataLoader(test_ds, batch_size=batch_size)
查看数据
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# 取一个批次查看数据格式 # 数据的shape为:[batch_size, channel, height, weight] # 其中batch_size为自己设定,channel,height和weight分别是图片的通道数,高度和宽度。 imgs, labels = next(iter(train_dl)) print(imgs.shape) import numpy as np # 指定图片大小,图像大小为20宽、5高的绘图(单位为英寸inch) plt.figure(figsize=(20, 5)) for i, imgs in enumerate(imgs[:20]): # 维度缩减 npimg = np.squeeze(imgs.numpy()) # 将整个figure分成2行10列,绘制第i+1个子图。 plt.subplot(2, 10, i+1) plt.imshow(npimg, cmap=plt.cm.binary) plt.axis('off') plt.show() #如果你使用的是Pycharm编译器,请加上这行代码
训练
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import torch.nn.functional as F num_classes = 10 # 图片的类别数 class Model(nn.Module): def __init__(self): super().__init__() # 特征提取网络 self.conv1 = nn.Conv2d(1, 32, kernel_size=3) # 第一层卷积,卷积核大小为3*3 self.pool1 = nn.MaxPool2d(2) # 设置池化层,池化核大小为2*2 self.conv2 = nn.Conv2d(32, 64, kernel_size=3) # 第二层卷积,卷积核大小为3*3 self.pool2 = nn.MaxPool2d(2) # 分类网络 self.fc1 = nn.Linear(1600, 64) self.fc2 = nn.Linear(64, num_classes) # 前向传播 def forward(self, x): x = self.pool1(F.relu(self.conv1(x))) x = self.pool2(F.relu(self.conv2(x))) x = torch.flatten(x, start_dim=1) x = F.relu(self.fc1(x)) x = self.fc2(x) return x from torchinfo import summary # 将模型转移到GPU中(我们模型运行均在GPU中进行) model = Model().to(device) summary(model) loss_fn = nn.CrossEntropyLoss() # 创建损失函数 learn_rate = 1e-2 # 学习率 opt = torch.optim.SGD(model.parameters(),lr=learn_rate) # 训练循环 def train(dataloader, model, loss_fn, optimizer): size = len(dataloader.dataset) # 训练集的大小,一共60000张图片 num_batches = len(dataloader) # 批次数目,1875(60000/32) train_loss, train_acc = 0, 0 # 初始化训练损失和正确率 for X, y in dataloader: # 获取图片及其标签 X, y = X.to(device), y.to(device) # 计算预测误差 pred = model(X) # 网络输出 loss = loss_fn(pred, y) # 计算网络输出和真实值之间的差距,targets为真实值,计算二者差值即为损失 # 反向传播 optimizer.zero_grad() # grad属性归零 loss.backward() # 反向传播 optimizer.step() # 每一步自动更新 # 记录acc与loss train_acc += (pred.argmax(1) == y).type(torch.float).sum().item() train_loss += loss.item() train_acc /= size train_loss /= num_batches return train_acc, train_loss def test (dataloader, model, loss_fn): size = len(dataloader.dataset) # 测试集的大小,一共10000张图片 num_batches = len(dataloader) # 批次数目,313(10000/32=312.5,向上取整) test_loss, test_acc = 0, 0 # 当不进行训练时,停止梯度更新,节省计算内存消耗 with torch.no_grad(): for imgs, target in dataloader: imgs, target = imgs.to(device), target.to(device) # 计算loss target_pred = model(imgs) loss = loss_fn(target_pred, target) test_loss += loss.item() test_acc += (target_pred.argmax(1) == target).type(torch.float).sum().item() test_acc /= size test_loss /= num_batches return test_acc, test_loss epochs = 5 train_loss = [] train_acc = [] test_loss = [] test_acc = [] for epoch in range(epochs): model.train() epoch_train_acc, epoch_train_loss = train(train_dl, model, loss_fn, opt) model.eval() epoch_test_acc, epoch_test_loss = test(test_dl, model, loss_fn) train_acc.append(epoch_train_acc) train_loss.append(epoch_train_loss) test_acc.append(epoch_test_acc) test_loss.append(epoch_test_loss) template = ('Epoch:{:2d}, Train_acc:{:.1f}%, Train_loss:{:.3f}, Test_acc:{:.1f}%,Test_loss:{:.3f}') print(template.format(epoch+1, epoch_train_acc*100, epoch_train_loss, epoch_test_acc*100, epoch_test_loss)) print('Done')
查看结果
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import matplotlib.pyplot as plt #隐藏警告 import warnings warnings.filterwarnings("ignore") #忽略警告信息 plt.rcParams['font.sans-serif'] = ['SimHei'] # 用来正常显示中文标签 plt.rcParams['axes.unicode_minus'] = False # 用来正常显示负号 plt.rcParams['figure.dpi'] = 100 #分辨率 epochs_range = range(epochs) plt.figure(figsize=(12, 3)) plt.subplot(1, 2, 1) plt.plot(epochs_range, train_acc, label='Training Accuracy') plt.plot(epochs_range, test_acc, label='Test Accuracy') plt.legend(loc='lower right') plt.title('Training and Validation Accuracy') plt.subplot(1, 2, 2) plt.plot(epochs_range, train_loss, label='Training Loss') plt.plot(epochs_range, test_loss, label='Test Loss') plt.legend(loc='upper right') plt.title('Training and Validation Loss') plt.show()
三 运行截图
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四 个人总结
- 第一个入门的深度学习项目,基本按照文章的流程走了一遍。
- 就当入手吧。感觉复杂不在程序,熟悉了工具,还是要看怎么组合使用。
- 希望能坚持完。