365深度学习基础营:P4周 猴痘病识别

 前言

  • 🍨 本文為🔗365天深度學習訓練營 中的學習紀錄博客
  • 🍖 原作者:K同学啊 | 接輔導、項目定制

    一 我的环境

    电脑:Dell Inspire 7000 i7 9750H

    操作系统:Windows 11

    显卡:NVIDIA GTX 1650 4G

    语言环境:Python 3.11.0

    开发工具:Jupyter Notebook 6.5.4

    深度学习环境:Pytorch 2.2.2

    cuda: 12.2.91

  •  二 开发过程

  • 1. 设置GPU

  • import torch
    import torch.nn as nn
    import torchvision.transforms as transforms
    import torchvision
    from torchvision import transforms, datasets
    
    import os,PIL,pathlib
    
    device = torch.device("cuda" if torch.cuda.is_available() else "cpu")
    
    device

    2. 导入数据

  • import os,PIL,random,pathlib
    
    data_dir = 'Data'
    data_dir = pathlib.Path(data_dir)
    
    data_paths = list(data_dir.glob('*'))
    print(data_paths)
    classeNames = [str(path).split("\\")[1] for path in data_paths]
    classeNames
    
    total_datadir = './Data/'
    
    # 关于transforms.Compose的更多介绍可以参考:https://blog.csdn.net/qq_38251616/article/details/124878863
    train_transforms = transforms.Compose([
        transforms.Resize([224, 224]),  # 将输入图片resize成统一尺寸
        transforms.ToTensor(),          # 将PIL Image或numpy.ndarray转换为tensor,并归一化到[0,1]之间
        transforms.Normalize(           # 标准化处理-->转换为标准正太分布(高斯分布),使模型更容易收敛
            mean=[0.485, 0.456, 0.406], 
            std=[0.229, 0.224, 0.225])  # 其中 mean=[0.485,0.456,0.406]与std=[0.229,0.224,0.225] 从数据集中随机抽样计算得到的。
    ])
    
    total_data = datasets.ImageFolder(total_datadir,transform=train_transforms)
    print(total_data)
    
    total_data.class_to_idx

    3. 划分数据集

  • train_size = int(0.8 * len(total_data))
    test_size  = len(total_data) - train_size
    train_dataset, test_dataset = torch.utils.data.random_split(total_data, [train_size, test_size])
    print(train_dataset, test_dataset)
    print(train_size,test_size)
    
    batch_size = 24
    
    train_dl = torch.utils.data.DataLoader(train_dataset,
                                               batch_size=batch_size,
                                               shuffle=True,
                                               num_workers=1)
    test_dl = torch.utils.data.DataLoader(test_dataset,
                                              batch_size=batch_size,
                                              shuffle=True,
                                              num_workers=1)
    
    for X, y in test_dl:
        print("Shape of X [N, C, H, W]: ", X.shape)
        print("Shape of y: ", y.shape, y.dtype)
        break

    二、构建简单的CNN网络

  • import torch.nn.functional as F
    
    class Network_bn(nn.Module):
        def __init__(self):
            super(Network_bn, self).__init__()
            """
            nn.Conv2d()函数:
            第一个参数(in_channels)是输入的channel数量
            第二个参数(out_channels)是输出的channel数量
            第三个参数(kernel_size)是卷积核大小
            第四个参数(stride)是步长,默认为1
            第五个参数(padding)是填充大小,默认为0
            """
            self.conv1 = nn.Conv2d(in_channels=3, out_channels=12, kernel_size=5, stride=1, padding=0)
            self.bn1 = nn.BatchNorm2d(12)
            self.conv2 = nn.Conv2d(in_channels=12, out_channels=12, kernel_size=5, stride=1, padding=0)
            self.bn2 = nn.BatchNorm2d(12)
            self.pool = nn.MaxPool2d(2,2)
            self.conv4 = nn.Conv2d(in_channels=12, out_channels=24, kernel_size=5, stride=1, padding=0)
            self.bn4 = nn.BatchNorm2d(24)
            self.conv5 = nn.Conv2d(in_channels=24, out_channels=24, kernel_size=5, stride=1, padding=0)
            self.bn5 = nn.BatchNorm2d(24)
            self.fc1 = nn.Linear(24*50*50, len(classeNames))
    
        def forward(self, x):
            x = F.relu(self.bn1(self.conv1(x)))      
            x = F.relu(self.bn2(self.conv2(x)))     
            x = self.pool(x)                        
            x = F.relu(self.bn4(self.conv4(x)))     
            x = F.relu(self.bn5(self.conv5(x)))  
            x = self.pool(x)                        
            x = x.view(-1, 24*50*50)
            x = self.fc1(x)
    
            return x
    
    device = "cuda" if torch.cuda.is_available() else "cpu"
    print("Using {} device".format(device))
    
    model = Network_bn().to(device)
    model

    三、 训练模型

    loss_fn    = nn.CrossEntropyLoss() # 创建损失函数
    learn_rate = 0.00065 # 学习率
    opt        = torch.optim.SGD(model.parameters(),lr=learn_rate)
    
    # 训练循环
    def train(dataloader, model, loss_fn, optimizer):
        size = len(dataloader.dataset)  # 训练集的大小,一共60000张图片
        num_batches = len(dataloader)   # 批次数目,1875(60000/32)
    
        train_loss, train_acc = 0, 0  # 初始化训练损失和正确率
        
        for X, y in dataloader:  # 获取图片及其标签
            X, y = X.to(device), y.to(device)
            
            # 计算预测误差
            pred = model(X)          # 网络输出
            loss = loss_fn(pred, y)  # 计算网络输出和真实值之间的差距,targets为真实值,计算二者差值即为损失
            
            # 反向传播
            optimizer.zero_grad()  # grad属性归零
            loss.backward()        # 反向传播
            optimizer.step()       # 每一步自动更新
            
            # 记录acc与loss
            train_acc  += (pred.argmax(1) == y).type(torch.float).sum().item()
            train_loss += loss.item()
                
        train_acc  /= size
        train_loss /= num_batches
    
        return train_acc, train_loss
    
    def test (dataloader, model, loss_fn):
        size        = len(dataloader.dataset)  # 测试集的大小,一共10000张图片
        num_batches = len(dataloader)          # 批次数目,313(10000/32=312.5,向上取整)
        test_loss, test_acc = 0, 0
        
        # 当不进行训练时,停止梯度更新,节省计算内存消耗
        with torch.no_grad():
            for imgs, target in dataloader:
                imgs, target = imgs.to(device), target.to(device)
                
                # 计算loss
                target_pred = model(imgs)
                loss        = loss_fn(target_pred, target)
                
                test_loss += loss.item()
                test_acc  += (target_pred.argmax(1) == target).type(torch.float).sum().item()
    
        test_acc  /= size
        test_loss /= num_batches
    
        return test_acc, test_loss

    正式训练

  • epochs     = 50
    train_loss = []
    train_acc  = []
    test_loss  = []
    test_acc   = []
    
    for epoch in range(epochs):
        model.train()
        epoch_train_acc, epoch_train_loss = train(train_dl, model, loss_fn, opt)
        
        model.eval()
        epoch_test_acc, epoch_test_loss = test(test_dl, model, loss_fn)
        
        train_acc.append(epoch_train_acc)
        train_loss.append(epoch_train_loss)
        test_acc.append(epoch_test_acc)
        test_loss.append(epoch_test_loss)
        
        template = ('Epoch:{:2d}, Train_acc:{:.1f}%, Train_loss:{:.3f}, Test_acc:{:.1f}%,Test_loss:{:.3f}')
        print(template.format(epoch+1, epoch_train_acc*100, epoch_train_loss, epoch_test_acc*100, epoch_test_loss))
    print('Done')

  • 四、 结果可视化

  • import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
    #隐藏警告
    import warnings
    warnings.filterwarnings("ignore")               #忽略警告信息
    plt.rcParams['font.sans-serif']    = ['SimHei'] # 用来正常显示中文标签
    plt.rcParams['axes.unicode_minus'] = False      # 用来正常显示负号
    plt.rcParams['figure.dpi']         = 100        #分辨率
    
    epochs_range = range(epochs)
    
    plt.figure(figsize=(12, 3))
    plt.subplot(1, 2, 1)
    
    plt.plot(epochs_range, train_acc, label='Training Accuracy')
    plt.plot(epochs_range, test_acc, label='Test Accuracy')
    plt.legend(loc='lower right')
    plt.title('Training and Validation Accuracy')
    
    plt.subplot(1, 2, 2)
    plt.plot(epochs_range, train_loss, label='Training Loss')
    plt.plot(epochs_range, test_loss, label='Test Loss')
    plt.legend(loc='upper right')
    plt.title('Training and Validation Loss')
    plt.show()

    指定图片进行预测

  • from PIL import Image 
    
    classes = list(total_data.class_to_idx)
    
    def predict_one_image(image_path, model, transform, classes):
        
        test_img = Image.open(image_path).convert('RGB')
        # plt.imshow(test_img)  # 展示预测的图片
    
        test_img = transform(test_img)
        img = test_img.to(device).unsqueeze(0)
        
        model.eval()
        output = model(img)
    
        _,pred = torch.max(output,1)
        pred_class = classes[pred]
        print(f'预测结果是:{pred_class}')
        
    # 预测训练集中的某张照片
    predict_one_image(image_path='./Data/Monkeypox/M01_01_00.jpg', 
                      model=model, 
                      transform=train_transforms, 
                      classes=classes)

    五、保存并加载模型

  • # 模型保存
    PATH = './model.pth'  # 保存的参数文件名
    torch.save(model.state_dict(), PATH)
    
    # 将参数加载到model当中
    model.load_state_dict(torch.load(PATH, map_location=device))

    六、 运行截图

  • 六,个人总结

  • 这次收获比较多的。关键是那个预测准确率90%以上的目标,试了很多方法。
  • 上手先调整学习率,达到88%甚至89%不费什么力气,但是最后这1%试了很多方法。
    • 调整学习率,效果不大了。测试有一些波动,但是极少情况有能见到90%,属于误差。
    • 试了Transforms翻转图片,旋转角度,没有效果。后来看了数据集,本来里面的数据图片很多就是翻转平移旋转来了,所以在里面再做就没效果了。
    • 试了VGG模型,结果很差,猜测是不是数据量太小,复杂的模型反倒效果不好。
    • 在模型里面增加了一层,似乎有改善,但是非常微小,甚至不如误差影响大。
    • 修改Batch,似乎有些影响,但是组合太复杂。最后写了个程序,batch size从8-64,每次增加8个,然后learn rate从0.00025到0.0008,每次增加0.00005。每组跑40个epoch,跑3次。跑了一夜,最后看到能稳定3次都有90%+的batch size和learn Rate组合,batch size24和learn rate0.00065。
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