365深度学习基础营：P5周 Pytorch实现运动鞋识别

• 🍨 本文為🔗365天深度學習訓練營 中的學習紀錄博客
• 🍖 原作者：K同学啊 | 接輔導、項目定制

  一  我的环境

• 电脑：Dell Inspire 7000 i7 9750H

  操作系统：Windows 11

  显卡：NVIDIA GTX 1650 4G

  语言环境：Python 3.11.0

  开发工具：Jupyter Notebook 6.5.4

  深度学习环境：Pytorch 2.2.2

• 二 开发过程

• 1. 设置GPU

• import torch
  import torch.nn as nn
  import torchvision.transforms as transforms
  import torchvision
  from torchvision import transforms, datasets
  
  import os,PIL,pathlib
  
  device = torch.device("cuda" if torch.cuda.is_available() else "cpu")
  
  device

  2. 导入数据

• import os,PIL,random,pathlib
  
  data_dir = './Data/'
  data_dir = pathlib.Path(data_dir)
  
  data_paths  = list(data_dir.glob('*'))
  classeNames = [str(path).split("\\")[1] for path in data_paths]
  
  # 关于transforms.Compose的更多介绍可以参考：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_38251616/article/details/124878863
  train_transforms = transforms.Compose([
      transforms.Resize([224, 224]),  # 将输入图片resize成统一尺寸
      # transforms.RandomHorizontalFlip(), # 随机水平翻转
      transforms.ToTensor(),          # 将PIL Image或numpy.ndarray转换为tensor，并归一化到[0,1]之间
      transforms.Normalize(           # 标准化处理-->转换为标准正太分布（高斯分布），使模型更容易收敛
          mean=[0.485, 0.456, 0.406], 
          std=[0.229, 0.224, 0.225])  # 其中 mean=[0.485,0.456,0.406]与std=[0.229,0.224,0.225] 从数据集中随机抽样计算得到的。
  ])
  
  test_transform = transforms.Compose([
      transforms.Resize([224, 224]),  # 将输入图片resize成统一尺寸
      transforms.ToTensor(),          # 将PIL Image或numpy.ndarray转换为tensor，并归一化到[0,1]之间
      transforms.Normalize(           # 标准化处理-->转换为标准正太分布（高斯分布），使模型更容易收敛
          mean=[0.485, 0.456, 0.406], 
          std=[0.229, 0.224, 0.225])  # 其中 mean=[0.485,0.456,0.406]与std=[0.229,0.224,0.225] 从数据集中随机抽样计算得到的。
  ])
  
  train_dataset = datasets.ImageFolder("./Data/train/",transform=train_transforms)
  test_dataset  = datasets.ImageFolder("./Data/test/",transform=train_transforms)

  3. 划分数据集

• batch_size = 16
  
  train_dl = torch.utils.data.DataLoader(train_dataset,
                                             batch_size=batch_size,
                                             shuffle=True,
                                             num_workers=1)
  test_dl = torch.utils.data.DataLoader(test_dataset,
                                            batch_size=batch_size,
                                            shuffle=True,
                                            num_workers=1)
  
  for X, y in test_dl:
      print("Shape of X [N, C, H, W]: ", X.shape)
      print("Shape of y: ", y.shape, y.dtype)
      break

  二、构建简单的CNN网络

• import torch.nn.functional as F
  
  class Model(nn.Module):
      def __init__(self):
          super(Model, self).__init__()
          self.conv1=nn.Sequential(
              nn.Conv2d(3, 12, kernel_size=5, padding=0), # 12*220*220
              nn.BatchNorm2d(12),
              nn.ReLU())
          
          self.conv2=nn.Sequential(
              nn.Conv2d(12, 12, kernel_size=5, padding=0), # 12*216*216
              nn.BatchNorm2d(12),
              nn.ReLU())
          
          self.pool3=nn.Sequential(
              nn.MaxPool2d(2))                              # 12*108*108
          
          self.conv4=nn.Sequential(
              nn.Conv2d(12, 24, kernel_size=5, padding=0), # 24*104*104
              nn.BatchNorm2d(24),
              nn.ReLU())
          
          self.conv5=nn.Sequential(
              nn.Conv2d(24, 24, kernel_size=5, padding=0), # 24*100*100
              nn.BatchNorm2d(24),
              nn.ReLU())
          
          self.pool6=nn.Sequential(
              nn.MaxPool2d(2))                              # 24*50*50
  
          self.dropout = nn.Sequential(
              nn.Dropout(0.2))
          
          self.fc=nn.Sequential(
              nn.Linear(24*50*50, len(classeNames)))
          
      def forward(self, x):
          
          batch_size = x.size(0)
          x = self.conv1(x)  # 卷积-BN-激活
          x = self.conv2(x)  # 卷积-BN-激活
          x = self.pool3(x)  # 池化
          x = self.conv4(x)  # 卷积-BN-激活
          x = self.conv5(x)  # 卷积-BN-激活
          x = self.pool6(x)  # 池化
          x = self.dropout(x)
          x = x.view(batch_size, -1)  # flatten 变成全连接网络需要的输入 (batch, 24*50*50) ==> (batch, -1), -1 此处自动算出的是24*50*50
          x = self.fc(x)
         
          return x
  
  device = "cuda" if torch.cuda.is_available() else "cpu"
  print("Using {} device".format(device))
  
  model = Model().to(device)
  print(model)
  
  for name, param in model.named_parameters():
      print(f"Layer: {name} | Size: {param.size()} | Total params: {param.numel()}")
  
  

  三、 训练模型

• 1. 编写训练函数

• # 训练循环
  def train(dataloader, model, loss_fn, optimizer):
      size = len(dataloader.dataset)  # 训练集的大小
      num_batches = len(dataloader)   # 批次数目, (size/batch_size，向上取整)
  
      train_loss, train_acc = 0, 0  # 初始化训练损失和正确率
      
      for X, y in dataloader:  # 获取图片及其标签
          X, y = X.to(device), y.to(device)
          
          # 计算预测误差
          pred = model(X)          # 网络输出
          loss = loss_fn(pred, y)  # 计算网络输出和真实值之间的差距，targets为真实值，计算二者差值即为损失
          
          # 反向传播
          optimizer.zero_grad()  # grad属性归零
          loss.backward()        # 反向传播
          optimizer.step()       # 每一步自动更新
          
          # 记录acc与loss
          train_acc  += (pred.argmax(1) == y).type(torch.float).sum().item()
          train_loss += loss.item()
              
      train_acc  /= size
      train_loss /= num_batches
  
      return train_acc, train_loss

  2. 编写测试函数

• def test (dataloader, model, loss_fn):
      size        = len(dataloader.dataset)  # 测试集的大小
      num_batches = len(dataloader)          # 批次数目, (size/batch_size，向上取整)
      test_loss, test_acc = 0, 0
      
      # 当不进行训练时，停止梯度更新，节省计算内存消耗
      with torch.no_grad():
          for imgs, target in dataloader:
              imgs, target = imgs.to(device), target.to(device)
              
              # 计算loss
              target_pred = model(imgs)
              loss        = loss_fn(target_pred, target)
              
              test_loss += loss.item()
              test_acc  += (target_pred.argmax(1) == target).type(torch.float).sum().item()
  
      test_acc  /= size
      test_loss /= num_batches
  
      return test_acc, test_loss

  3. 设置动态学习率

• def adjust_learning_rate(optimizer, epoch, start_lr):
      # 每 2 个epoch衰减到原来的 0.92
      lr = start_lr * (0.92 ** (epoch // 2))
      for param_group in optimizer.param_groups:
          param_group['lr'] = lr
  
  learn_rate = 1e-4 # 初始学习率
  optimizer  = torch.optim.SGD(model.parameters(), lr=learn_rate)

  4. 正式训练

• loss_fn    = nn.CrossEntropyLoss() # 创建损失函数
  epochs     = 40
  
  train_loss = []
  train_acc  = []
  test_loss  = []
  test_acc   = []
  
  for epoch in range(epochs):
      # 更新学习率（使用自定义学习率时使用）
      adjust_learning_rate(optimizer, epoch, learn_rate)
      
      model.train()
      epoch_train_acc, epoch_train_loss = train(train_dl, model, loss_fn, optimizer)
      # scheduler.step() # 更新学习率（调用官方动态学习率接口时使用）
      
      model.eval()
      epoch_test_acc, epoch_test_loss = test(test_dl, model, loss_fn)
      
      train_acc.append(epoch_train_acc)
      train_loss.append(epoch_train_loss)
      test_acc.append(epoch_test_acc)
      test_loss.append(epoch_test_loss)
      
      # 获取当前的学习率
      lr = optimizer.state_dict()['param_groups'][0]['lr']
      
      template = ('Epoch:{:2d}, Train_acc:{:.1f}%, Train_loss:{:.3f}, Test_acc:{:.1f}%, Test_loss:{:.3f}, Lr:{:.2E}')
      print(template.format(epoch+1, epoch_train_acc*100, epoch_train_loss, 
                            epoch_test_acc*100, epoch_test_loss, lr))
  print('Done')

  四、 运行截图

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• 五、 个人总结

• 这次的运行不太复杂。第一次遇到了cuda out of memory的问题。没办法，在外面只能用笔记本，4G的显存有点吃力。
• 把batch size从32调整到64，问题解决。
• 而且训练结果最高准确率达到了88.2%，还是不错的。