Linux Shell 经典实例（1-30）

最新推荐文章于 2024-06-10 06:00:00 发布

nailwl

最新推荐文章于 2024-06-10 06:00:00 发布

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本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/nailwl/article/details/105436719

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这篇博客详细介绍了Linux Shell脚本的各种实用技巧和案例，包括参数传递、文件操作、循环控制、字符串处理、函数应用、系统监控、邮件通知等，旨在帮助读者提升Shell编程能力，实现自动化任务。

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1、如何向脚本传递参数


[wulei@obj02 ~]$ sudo sh ./show1.sh "aa"
aa
[wulei@obj02 ~]$ sudo sh ./show0.sh "aa" 
./show0.sh


[wulei@obj02 ~]$ sudo sh ./show0.sh 1.txt
./show0.sh
[wulei@obj02 ~]$ sudo sh ./show1.sh 1.txt 
1.txt
[wulei@obj02 ~]$ 


#源码展示
[wulei@obj02 ~]$ cat show0.sh 
#!/bin/bash
echo $0

[wulei@obj02 ~]$ cat show1.sh 
#!/bin/bash
echo $1

[wulei@obj02 ~]$ cat 1.txt 
I'm 1.txt
[wulei@obj02 ~]$

2、如何在脚本中使用参数

第一个参数 : $1，第二个参数 : $2，其中$0就是脚本本身


# 执行
[wulei@obj02 ~]$ sudo sh copy.sh 1.txt /tmp/

# 检查
[wulei@obj02 ~]$ ll /tmp/ |grep 1.txt   
-rw-r--r--. 1 root  root       10 Apr 11 00:36 1.txt


# 源码
[wulei@obj02 ~]$ cat copy.sh 
#!/bin/bash
cp $1 $2
[wulei@obj02 ~]$

3、获得脚本文件名

使用$0就可以获得脚本文件名

[root@obj02 wulei]# ./selfname.sh 
./selfname.sh
[root@obj02 wulei]# sh selfname.sh 
selfname.sh

#源码
[root@obj02 wulei]# cat selfname.sh 
#!/bin/bash
echo $0

4、获得文件最后一行

[wulei@obj02 ~]$ tail -1 1.txt 
the end

[wulei@obj02 ~]$ cat 1.txt 
I'm 1.txt
the end

5、获得文件第一行

[wulei@obj02 ~]$ head -1 1.txt 
I'm 1.txt
[wulei@obj02 ~]$ cat 1.txt 
I'm 1.txt
the end

6、如何获得每行第三个参数

[wulei@obj02 ~]$ cat /etc/passwd |awk -F ":" '{print $3}'
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
11
12
14
99
......

7、for循环遍历目录

[wulei@obj02 ~]$ ll
total 28
-rw-rw-r--. 1 wulei wulei 2437 Apr 11 01:00 1.txt
-rw-r--r--. 1 root  root    15 Apr 11 00:48 argsnum.sh
-rw-rw-r--. 1 wulei wulei   21 Apr 11 00:35 copy.sh
drwxr-xr-x. 2 wulei wulei    6 Mar 27 04:33 Desktop
drwxr-xr-x. 2 wulei wulei    6 Mar 27 04:33 Documents
drwxr-xr-x. 2 wulei wulei    6 Mar 27 04:33 Downloads
drwxr-xr-x. 2 wulei wulei    6 Mar 27 04:33 Music
drwxrwxr-x. 2 wulei wulei   26 Mar 30 22:44 notes
drwxr-xr-x. 2 wulei wulei    6 Mar 27 04:33 Pictures
drwxr-xr-x. 2 wulei wulei    6 Mar 27 04:33 Public
-rwxrwxr-x. 1 wulei wulei   20 Apr 11 00:43 selfname.sh
-rw-rw-r--. 1 wulei wulei   20 Apr 11 00:27 show0.sh
-rw-rw-r--. 1 wulei wulei   20 Apr 11 00:27 show1.sh
drwxr-xr-x. 2 wulei wulei    6 Mar 27 04:33 Templates
-rw-rw-r--. 1 wulei wulei   33 Apr 11 00:54 th3perlin.sh
drwxr-xr-x. 2 wulei wulei    6 Mar 27 04:33 Videos
drwxr-xr-x. 3 wulei wulei  182 Mar 30 19:37 vmtools

[wulei@obj02 ~]$ for i in $(ls);do echo item:  $i; done;
item: 1.txt
item: argsnum.sh
item: copy.sh
item: Desktop
item: Documents
item: Downloads
item: Music
item: notes
item: Pictures
item: Public
item: selfname.sh
item: show0.sh
item: show1.sh
item: Templates
item: th3perlin.sh
item: Videos
item: vmtools
[wulei@obj02 ~]$

8、while循环

[wulei@obj02 ~]$ sudo sh whiletest.sh 
The counter is 0
The counter is 1
The counter is 2
The counter is 3
The counter is 4
The counter is 5
The counter is 6
The counter is 7
The counter is 8
The counter is 9

[wulei@obj02 ~]$ cat whiletest.sh 
#!/bin/bash
COUNTER=0
while [ $COUNTER -lt 10 ]; do
echo The counter is $COUNTER
let COUNTER=COUNTER+1
done

9、until循环

[wulei@obj02 ~]$ sudo sh untiltest.sh 
COUNTER 20
COUNTER 19
COUNTER 18
COUNTER 17
COUNTER 16
COUNTER 15
COUNTER 14
COUNTER 13
COUNTER 12
COUNTER 11
COUNTER 10

[wulei@obj02 ~]$ cat untiltest.sh     
#!/bin/bash
COUNTER=20
until [ $COUNTER -lt 10 ]; do
echo COUNTER $COUNTER
let COUNTER-=1
done
[wulei@obj02 ~]$

10、拼接字符串

[wulei@obj02 ~]$ v1="hello";v2="world";v3=${v1}${v2};echo $v3
helloworld

11、函数相加

[wulei@obj02 ~]$ v1=1;v2=2;let v3=v1+v2;echo $v3
3

[wulei@obj02 ~]$ a=5;b=6;echo $(($a+$b))
11

[wulei@obj02 ~]$ a=5;b=6;echo $[$a+$b]
11

[wulei@obj02 ~]$ a=5;b=6;expr $a + $b
11

[wulei@obj02 ~]$ a=5;b=6;echo $a + $b|bc
11

[wulei@obj02 ~]$ a=5;b=6;awk 'BEGIN{print '"$a"'+'"$b"'}'
11

12、判断某个文件存在

[wulei@obj02 ~]$ ls
1.txt       Desktop    filedetect.sh  notes     selfname.sh  Templates     Videos
argsnum.sh  Documents  funcdemo.sh    Pictures  show0.sh     th3perlin.sh  vmtools
copy.sh     Downloads  Music          Public    show1.sh     untiltest.sh  whiletest.sh


#执行
[wulei@obj02 ~]$ sudo sh filedetect.sh 1.txt 
1.txt File exists
[wulei@obj02 ~]$ sudo sh filedetect.sh 2.txt 
2.txt File not exists


#源码
[wulei@obj02 ~]$ cat filedetect.sh 
#!/bin/bash
if [ -f $1 ]
then
echo "$1 File exists"
else
echo "$1 File not exists"
fi

13、获得文本的第10行

#获得文本前10行
[wulei@obj02 ~]$ head -10 1.txt
root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
bin:x:1:1:bin:/bin:/sbin/nologin
daemon:x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/nologin
adm:x:3:4:adm:/var/adm:/sbin/nologin
lp:x:4:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/sbin/nologin
sync:x:5:0:sync:/sbin:/bin/sync
shutdown:x:6:0:shutdown:/sbin:/sbin/shutdown
halt:x:7:0:halt:/sbin:/sbin/halt
mail:x:8:12:mail:/var/spool/mail:/sbin/nologin
operator:x:11:0:operator:/root:/sbin/nologin

#管道重定向给tail取最后一行
[wulei@obj02 ~]$ 
[wulei@obj02 ~]$ 
[wulei@obj02 ~]$ 
[wulei@obj02 ~]$ head -10 1.txt |tail -1
operator:x:11:0:operator:/root:/sbin/nologin

14、管道与bc预算

[wule

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Linux Shell 经典实例（1-30）

1、如何向脚本传递参数[wulei@obj02 ~]$ sudo sh ./show1.sh "aa"aa[wulei@obj02 ~]$ sudo sh ./show0.sh "aa" ./show0.sh[wulei@obj02 ~]$ sudo sh ./show0.sh 1.txt./show0.sh[wulei@obj02 ~]$ sudo sh ./show1....
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