硬件介绍:
EXTI:
外部中断(事件)控制器,由19个能产生事件\中断请求的边缘检测器组成(互联型产品有20个)每个输入线可以独立地配置输入类型(脉冲 或挂起)和对应的触发事件(上升沿或下降沿或者双边沿都触发)。每个输入线都可以独立地被屏 蔽。挂起寄存器保持着状态线的中断请求。
上图就是stm32f103可用的外部中断
EXTI 触发方式:上升沿触发,下降沿触发,双边缘触发,软件触发)支持GPIO_Pin0-----GAIO_Pin15所有引脚触发
EXTI的基本结构:
中断屏蔽寄存器:可以控制中断通道的开关断开,事件屏蔽寄存器同理。
请求挂起寄存器:可以在检测到中断信号时置标志位。
事件响应和中断响应的区别:略
AFIO:可以选择中断引脚
NVIC:
可以先对中断进行预处理比如分组后传递信息给CPU,NVIC可处理的中断不只是外部中断括ADC,TIM,URAST等等。各个中断用NVIC统一管理中断,每个中断通道都有16个可编程的优先级。分为抢占优先级和响应优先级
实验:旋转编码器触发外部中断并且计次(OLED显示):
接线图: PB0,1口检测中断。
1.开启GPIOB,AFIO的时钟
RCC_APB2PeriphClockCmd(RCC_APB2Periph_GPIOB,ENABLE);
RCC_APB2PeriphClockCmd(RCC_APB2Periph_AFIO,ENABLE);
2.配置GPIOB
GPIO_InitTypeDef GPIO_InitStructure;
GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Mode=GPIO_Mode_IPU;
GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Pin=GPIO_Pin_0|GPIO_Pin_1;//同时配置Pin0hePin1为输入模式
GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Speed=GPIO_Speed_50MHz;
GPIO_Init(GPIOB,&GPIO_InitStructure);
3.配置AFIO选择外部中断引脚
void GPIO_EventOutputCmd(FunctionalState NewState);
配置引脚重映射函数
void GPIO_PinRemapConfig(uint32_t GPIO_Remap, FunctionalState NewState);
配置AFIO选择引脚函数
GPIO_EXTILineConfig(GPIO_PortSourceGPIOB,GPIO_PinSource1);
GPIO_EXTILineConfig(GPIO_PortSourceGPIOB,GPIO_PinSource0);
4.配置EXTI
void EXTI_DeInit(void);恢复到默认定义初始化状态
void EXTI_Init(EXTI_InitTypeDef* EXTI_InitStruct);初始化EXTI
void EXTI_StructInit(EXTI_InitTypeDef* EXTI_InitStruct);配置EXTI参数
void EXTI_GenerateSWInterrupt(uint32_t EXTI_Line);软件触发外部中断
FlagStatus EXTI_GetFlagStatus(uint32_t EXTI_Line);获取挂起标志位(多用于主程序)
void EXTI_ClearFlag(uint32_t EXTI_Line);清楚挂起标志位(多用于主程序)
ITStatus EXTI_GetITStatus(uint32_t EXTI_Line);获取中断触发标志位(多用于中断程序)
void EXTI_ClearITPendingBit(uint32_t EXTI_Line);清楚中断触发标志位(多用于中断程序)
EXTI_InitTypeDef EXTI_InitStructure;
EXTI_InitStructure.EXTI_Line=EXTI_Line0|EXTI_Line1 ;//选择1和0两个中断线
EXTI_InitStructure.EXTI_LineCmd=ENABLE ;
EXTI_InitStructure.EXTI_Mode=EXTI_Mode_Interrupt;//外部触发模式
EXTI_InitStructure.EXTI_Trigger=EXTI_Trigger_Falling;//下降沿触发
EXTI_Init(&EXTI_InitStructure);
5.配置NVIC
void NVIC_PriorityGroupConfig(uint32_t NVIC_PriorityGroup);配置中断优先级分组
void NVIC_Init(NVIC_InitTypeDef* NVIC_InitStruct);初始化NVIC
NVIC_PriorityGroupConfig(NVIC_PriorityGroup_2);
NVIC_InitTypeDef NVIC_InitStructure;
NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannel=EXTI0_IRQn ;//中断通道0
NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelCmd=ENABLE ;
NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelPreemptionPriority=2;//抢占优先级
NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelSubPriority=2;//响应优先级
NVIC_Init(& NVIC_InitStructure);
NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannel=EXTI1_IRQn ;//中断通道1
NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelCmd=ENABLE ;
NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelPreemptionPriority=2;
NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelSubPriority=2;
NVIC_Init(& NVIC_InitStructure);
6.中断函数(函数名在启动文件有定义)
FlagStatus EXTI_GetFlagStatus(uint32_t EXTI_Line);获取挂起标志位(多用于主程序)
void EXTI_ClearFlag(uint32_t EXTI_Line);清楚挂起标志位(多用于主程序)
void EXTI0_IRQHandler (void)//检测到Pin0口下降沿触发中断
{
if(EXTI_GetITStatus(EXTI_Line0)==SET)//判断中断挂起位
{
if(GPIO_ReadInputDataBit(GPIOB,GPIO_Pin_1)==0)
{
count--;
}
EXTI_ClearITPendingBit(EXTI_Line0);//清除中断挂起位
}
}
void EXTI1_IRQHandler(void)//检测到Pin1口下降沿触发中断
{
if(EXTI_GetITStatus(EXTI_Line1)==SET)
{
if(GPIO_ReadInputDataBit(GPIOB,GPIO_Pin_0)==0)
{
count++;
}
EXTI_ClearITPendingBit(EXTI_Line1);
}
10-15通道和5-9通道分别公用同一个中断服务函数名
6.完整函数:
#include "stm32f10x.h"
uint16_t count;//储存计次值
void Encoder_Init(void)
{
RCC_APB2PeriphClockCmd(RCC_APB2Periph_GPIOB,ENABLE);
RCC_APB2PeriphClockCmd(RCC_APB2Periph_AFIO,ENABLE);
GPIO_InitTypeDef GPIO_InitStructure;
GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Mode=GPIO_Mode_IPU;
GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Pin=GPIO_Pin_0|GPIO_Pin_1;
GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Speed=GPIO_Speed_50MHz;
GPIO_Init(GPIOB,&GPIO_InitStructure);
GPIO_EXTILineConfig(GPIO_PortSourceGPIOB,GPIO_PinSource1);
GPIO_EXTILineConfig(GPIO_PortSourceGPIOB,GPIO_PinSource0);
EXTI_InitTypeDef EXTI_InitStructure;
EXTI_InitStructure.EXTI_Line=EXTI_Line0|EXTI_Line1 ;
EXTI_InitStructure.EXTI_LineCmd=ENABLE ;
EXTI_InitStructure.EXTI_Mode=EXTI_Mode_Interrupt;
EXTI_InitStructure.EXTI_Trigger=EXTI_Trigger_Falling;
EXTI_Init(&EXTI_InitStructure);
NVIC_PriorityGroupConfig(NVIC_PriorityGroup_2);
NVIC_InitTypeDef NVIC_InitStructure;
NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannel=EXTI0_IRQn ;
NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelCmd=ENABLE ;
NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelPreemptionPriority=2;
NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelSubPriority=2;
NVIC_Init(& NVIC_InitStructure);
NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannel=EXTI1_IRQn ;
NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelCmd=ENABLE ;
NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelPreemptionPriority=2;
NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelSubPriority=2;
NVIC_Init(& NVIC_InitStructure);
}
int16_t ReceiveDate(void)
{
int16_t Temp;
Temp=count;
count=0;
return Temp;//返回计次值到主函数
}
void EXTI0_IRQHandler (void)
{
if(EXTI_GetITStatus(EXTI_Line0)==SET)
{
if(GPIO_ReadInputDataBit(GPIOB,GPIO_Pin_1)==0)
{
count--;
}
EXTI_ClearITPendingBit(EXTI_Line0);
}
}
void EXTI1_IRQHandler(void)
{
if(EXTI_GetITStatus(EXTI_Line1)==SET)
{
if(GPIO_ReadInputDataBit(GPIOB,GPIO_Pin_0)==0)
{
count++;
}
EXTI_ClearITPendingBit(EXTI_Line1);
}
}
7.主函数:
#include "stm32f10x.h"
#include "OLED.h"
#include "Encoder.h"
int16_t NUM;
int main(void)
{
OLED_Init();
Encoder_Init();
OLED_ShowString(1,3,"Count:");
while(1)
{
NUM += ReceiveDate();
OLED_ShowSignedNum(2,1,NUM,4);
}
}