python 第6章抽象

1.callable(函数) 能不能被调用

2.记录函数

def fibs(num):
    'This is just doc for document!'
    fb = [0,1]
    for i in range(num-2):
        fb.append(fb[-1]+fb[-2])
    return fb


print fibs(5)
print fibs.__doc__

>>> 
[0, 1, 1, 2, 3]
This is just doc for document!
>>> 

3.传参问题

python 中函数传入对象就可以在函数中改变实际值

class node:
    num = 0
    
num=node()
change(num)
print num.num
print num

5
<__main__.node instance at 0x02B48760>

4.默认参数

def manners(say = "Hi",name='john'):
    'This is just doc for document!'
    print say+"."+name
manners()
manners("fun")
manners(name = "fun")

>>> 
Hi.john
fun.john
Hi.fun
>>> 

5.收集参数

# -*- coding: cp936 -*-
def collect(*get):
    "可以接收任意个参数，以元组形式存储"
    print get
    print get[0]
    print get[0][1]
collect([1,2,3,4,5],"hello")

([1, 2, 3, 4, 5], 'hello')
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
2

# -*- coding: cp936 -*-
def collect(num,*get,**keyget):
    '''可以接收任意个参数，以元组形式存储,**收集用字典存储,并且输入调用也得按顺序\
    collect('11','22',name=5,'help')这是错误的
    '''
    print num
    print get
    print keyget
    
collect([1,2,3,4,5],"hello","world",['help','me'],name="wang",want="money")

>>> 
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
('hello', 'world', ['help', 'me'])
{'name': 'wang', 'want': 'money'}
>>> 

6.反转过程

元组用* ，字典用**

def add(x,y):return x+y

sum=(1,2)
print add(*sum)
7作用域

>>> x=1000
>>> x
1000
>>> def foo():
x=20
>>> foo()
>>> x
1000
>>> 
因为函数每个函数调用会建立个作用域

>>> x=1000
>>> x
1000
>>> def foo():
global x #声明是全局的x
x=20
>>> foo()
>>> x
20
>>>