Android属性系统就是整个Android的一个全局环境，Android中的应用程序可以设置或者设置属性，其它的应用程序可以获取该属性的值，我们也可以理解为就像Linux中的进程间通信一样。
1、属性系统的初始化
首先在init进程中
queue_builtin_action(property_init_action, "property_init");这里会进行属性的初始化、
static int property_init_action(int nargs, char **args)
{
property_init();
return 0;
}void property_init(void)
{
init_property_area();
load_properties_from_file(PROP_PATH_RAMDISK_DEFAULT);//"/default.prop"
}init_property_area初始化一块内存进行共享，而load_properties_from_file则读取一些默认的属性。
static int init_property_area(void)
{
prop_area *pa;
if(pa_info_array)
return -1;
if(init_workspace(&pa_workspace, PA_SIZE))//PA_SIZE = 32168
return -1;
fcntl(pa_workspace.fd, F_SETFD, FD_CLOEXEC);
pa_info_array = (void*) (((char*) pa_workspace.data) + PA_INFO_START);//PA_INFO_START = 1024
pa = pa_workspace.data;
memset(pa, 0, PA_SIZE);
pa->magic = PROP_AREA_MAGIC;
pa->version = PROP_AREA_VERSION;
/* plug into the lib property services */
__system_property_area__ = pa;
property_area_inited = 1;
return 0;
}
调用init_workspace具体初始化一块32168大小共享内存，然后将全局变量pa_info_array指向共享内存的1024开始处
static int init_workspace(workspace *w, size_t size)
{
void *data;
int fd;
/* dev is a tmpfs that we can use to carve a shared workspace
* out of, so let's do that...
*/
fd = open("/dev/__properties__", O_RDWR | O_CREAT, 0600);
if (fd < 0)
return -1;
if (ftruncate(fd, size) < 0)//将文件大小改为size
goto out;
data = mmap(NULL, size, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE, MAP_SHARED, fd, 0);
if(data == MAP_FAILED)
goto out;
close(fd);
fd = open("/dev/__properties__", O_RDONLY);
if (fd < 0)
return -1;
unlink("/dev/__properties__");
w->data = data;
w->size = size;
w->fd = fd;
return 0;
out:
close(fd);
return -1;
}
主要是打开设备，然后进行共享内存映射操作。
init_property_area()完成之后，就会调用load_properties_from_file(PROP_PATH_RAMDISK_DEFAULT);//"/default.prop"装载默认的属性值
static void load_properties_from_file(const char *fn)
{
char *data;
unsigned sz;
data = read_file(fn, &sz);
if(data != 0) {
load_properties(data);
free(data);
}
}这里主要是调用read_file将文件内容读出来，看一下default.prop中的内容
#
# ADDITIONAL_DEFAULT_PROPERTIES
#
ro.secure=0
ro.allow.mock.location=1
ro.debuggable=1
persist.service.adb.enable=1
然后调用load_properties加载属性
static void load_properties(char *data)
{
char *key, *value, *eol, *sol, *tmp;
sol = data;
while((eol = strchr(sol, '\n'))) {
key = sol;
*eol++ = 0;
sol = eol;
value = strchr(key, '=');
if(value == 0) continue;
*value++ = 0;
while(isspace(*key)) key++;
if(*key == '#') continue;
tmp = value - 2;
while((tmp > key) && isspace(*tmp)) *tmp-- = 0;
while(isspace(*value)) value++;
tmp = eol - 2;
while((tmp > value) && isspace(*tmp)) *tmp-- = 0;
property_set(key, value);
}
}对每个属性对，调用property_set设置属性
int property_set(const char *name, const char *value)
{
prop_area *pa;
prop_info *pi;
int namelen = strlen(name);
int valuelen = strlen(value);
if(namelen >= PROP_NAME_MAX) return -1;
if(valuelen >= PROP_VALUE_MAX) return -1;
if(namelen < 1) return -1;
pi = (prop_info*) __system_property_find(name);//查找该属性是否存在
if(pi != 0) {//存在,则重新设置其值
/* ro.* properties may NEVER be modified once set */
if(!strncmp(name, "ro.", 3)) return -1;
pa = __system_property_area__;
update_prop_info(pi, value, valuelen);//更新属性信息
pa->serial++;
__futex_wake(&pa->serial, INT32_MAX);
} else {
pa = __system_property_area__;
if(pa->count == PA_COUNT_MAX) return -1;
pi = pa_info_array + pa->count;
pi->serial = (valuelen << 24);
memcpy(pi->name, name, namelen + 1);
memcpy(pi->value, value, valuelen + 1);
pa->toc[pa->count] = //toc记录了譔条属性记录的名字长度以及它的偏移，在查处时有用
(namelen << 24) | (((unsigned) pi) - ((unsigned) pa));
pa->count++;
pa->serial++;
__futex_wake(&pa->serial, INT32_MAX);
}
/* If name starts with "net." treat as a DNS property. */
if (strncmp("net.", name, strlen("net.")) == 0) {
if (strcmp("net.change", name) == 0) {
return 0;
}
/*
* The 'net.change' property is a special property used track when any
* 'net.*' property name is updated. It is _ONLY_ updated here. Its value
* contains the last updated 'net.*' property.
*/
property_set("net.change", name);
} else if (persistent_properties_loaded &&
strncmp("persist.", name, strlen("persist.")) == 0) {
/*
* Don't write properties to disk until after we have read all default properties
* to prevent them from being overwritten by default values.
*/
write_persistent_property(name, value);//永久属性，需要保存文件
}
property_changed(name, value);//属性更改，如果有action与它有关则进行相应操作
return 0;
}
const prop_info *__system_property_find(const char *name)
{
prop_area *pa = __system_property_area__;
unsigned count = pa->count;
unsigned *toc = pa->toc;
unsigned len = strlen(name);
prop_info *pi;
while(count--) {
unsigned entry = *toc++;//toc中保存了该条记录的name长度和在共享内存中的偏移
if(TOC_NAME_LEN(entry) != len) continue;//先比较名字
pi = TOC_TO_INFO(pa, entry);//获取prop_area结构
if(memcmp(name, pi->name, len)) continue;//比较name
return pi;
}
return 0;
}
存在则调用update_prop_info更新属性值
static void update_prop_info(prop_info *pi, const char *value, unsigned len)
{
pi->serial = pi->serial | 1;
memcpy(pi->value, value, len + 1);
pi->serial = (len << 24) | ((pi->serial + 1) & 0xffffff);
__futex_wake(&pi->serial, INT32_MAX);
}不存在则将属性添加到__system_property_area__ + count 处，并将count、serial加1。然后对于“net.change”打头的属性直接返回，而如果是”persist.“打头的属性且persistent_properties_loaded为1，则调用write_persistent_property将其永久保存
static void write_persistent_property(const char *name, const char *value)
{
const char *tempPath = PERSISTENT_PROPERTY_DIR "/.temp";
char path[PATH_MAX];
int fd, length;
snprintf(path, sizeof(path), "%s/%s", PERSISTENT_PROPERTY_DIR, name);//"/data/property"
fd = open(tempPath, O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_TRUNC, 0600);
if (fd < 0) {
ERROR("Unable to write persistent property to temp file %s errno: %d\n", tempPath, errno);
return;
}
write(fd, value, strlen(value));
close(fd);
if (rename(tempPath, path)) {
unlink(tempPath);
ERROR("Unable to rename persistent property file %s to %s\n", tempPath, path);
}
}将其以独立文件的形式保存到data/property目录中，接着调用property_changed通知属性已经改变，是否有相应的action操作
void property_changed(const char *name, const char *value)
{
if (property_triggers_enabled)
queue_property_triggers(name, value);
}void queue_property_triggers(const char *name, const char *value)
{
struct listnode *node;
struct action *act;
list_for_each(node, &action_list) {
act = node_to_item(node, struct action, alist);
if (!strncmp(act->name, "property:", strlen("property:"))) {
const char *test = act->name + strlen("property:");
int name_length = strlen(name);
if (!strncmp(name, test, name_length) &&
test[name_length] == '=' &&
!strcmp(test + name_length + 1, value)) {
action_add_queue_tail(act);
}
}
}
}查找以”property:“打头的action，如果相应action需要的条件成立，则调用action_add_queue_tail触发相应的action我们可以看一下init.rc中与property有关的action
319 on property:ro.secure=0
327 on property:ro.kernel.qemu=1
330 on property:persist.service.adb.enable=1
333 on property:persist.service.adb.enable=0
到这里property_init就完成了
2、set_init_properties_action设置初始properties
也是在init进程中
queue_builtin_action(set_init_properties_action, "set_init_properties");static int set_init_properties_action(int nargs, char **args)
{
char tmp[PROP_VALUE_MAX];
if (qemu[0])
import_kernel_cmdline(1);
if (!strcmp(bootmode,"factory"))
property_set("ro.factorytest", "1");
else if (!strcmp(bootmode,"factory2"))
property_set("ro.factorytest", "2");
else
property_set("ro.factorytest", "0");
property_set("ro.serialno", serialno[0] ? serialno : "");
property_set("ro.bootmode", bootmode[0] ? bootmode : "unknown");
property_set("ro.baseband", baseband[0] ? baseband : "unknown");
property_set("ro.carrier", carrier[0] ? carrier : "unknown");
property_set("ro.bootloader", bootloader[0] ? bootloader : "unknown");
property_set("ro.hardware", hardware);
snprintf(tmp, PROP_VALUE_MAX, "%d", revision);
property_set("ro.revision", tmp);
return 0;
}3、property_service_init初始化property处理的sever端
也是在init进程 中
queue_builtin_action(property_service_init_action, "property_service_init");static int property_service_init_action(int nargs, char **args)
{
/* read any property files on system or data and
* fire up the property service. This must happen
* after the ro.foo properties are set above so
* that /data/local.prop cannot interfere with them.
*/
start_property_service();
return 0;
}
主要调用start_property_service
void start_property_service(void)
{
int fd;
load_properties_from_file(PROP_PATH_SYSTEM_BUILD);// "/system/build.prop"
load_properties_from_file(PROP_PATH_SYSTEM_DEFAULT);//"/system/default.prop"
load_properties_from_file(PROP_PATH_LOCAL_OVERRIDE);//"/data/local.prop"
/* Read persistent properties after all default values have been loaded. */
load_persistent_properties();
fd = create_socket(PROP_SERVICE_NAME, SOCK_STREAM, 0666, 0, 0);//"property_service"
if(fd < 0) return;
fcntl(fd, F_SETFD, FD_CLOEXEC);
fcntl(fd, F_SETFL, O_NONBLOCK);
listen(fd, 8);
property_set_fd = fd;
}static void load_persistent_properties()
{
DIR* dir = opendir(PERSISTENT_PROPERTY_DIR);
struct dirent* entry;
char path[PATH_MAX];
char value[PROP_VALUE_MAX];
int fd, length;
if (dir) {
while ((entry = readdir(dir)) != NULL) {
if (strncmp("persist.", entry->d_name, strlen("persist.")))
continue;
#if HAVE_DIRENT_D_TYPE
if (entry->d_type != DT_REG)
continue;
#endif
/* open the file and read the property value */
snprintf(path, sizeof(path), "%s/%s", PERSISTENT_PROPERTY_DIR, entry->d_name);
fd = open(path, O_RDONLY);
if (fd >= 0) {
length = read(fd, value, sizeof(value) - 1);
if (length >= 0) {
value[length] = 0;
property_set(entry->d_name, value);
} else {
ERROR("Unable to read persistent property file %s errno: %d\n", path, errno);
}
close(fd);
} else {
ERROR("Unable to open persistent property file %s errno: %d\n", path, errno);
}
}
closedir(dir);
} else {
ERROR("Unable to open persistent property directory %s errno: %d\n", PERSISTENT_PROPERTY_DIR, errno);
}
persistent_properties_loaded = 1;
}
load_persistent_properties也是从"/data/property"读取所有 的文件，并设置到属性里面去。
4、handle_property_set_fd
还是在Init进程里面，在它的main函数的for(;;)中，会将property_set_fd添加到poll函数的监听队列里面去，当有client端连接该socket时就会调用handle_property_set_fd进行处理
void handle_property_set_fd()
{
prop_msg msg;
int s;
int r;
int res;
struct ucred cr;
struct sockaddr_un addr;
socklen_t addr_size = sizeof(addr);
socklen_t cr_size = sizeof(cr);
if ((s = accept(property_set_fd, (struct sockaddr *) &addr, &addr_size)) < 0) {
return;
}
/* Check socket options here */
if (getsockopt(s, SOL_SOCKET, SO_PEERCRED, &cr, &cr_size) < 0) {
close(s);
ERROR("Unable to recieve socket options\n");
return;
}
r = recv(s, &msg, sizeof(msg), 0);//接收数据
close(s);
if(r != sizeof(prop_msg)) {
ERROR("sys_prop: mis-match msg size recieved: %d expected: %d\n",
r, sizeof(prop_msg));
return;
}
switch(msg.cmd) {
case PROP_MSG_SETPROP:
msg.name[PROP_NAME_MAX-1] = 0;
msg.value[PROP_VALUE_MAX-1] = 0;
if(memcmp(msg.name,"ctl.",4) == 0) {//控制类型的消息
if (check_control_perms(msg.value, cr.uid, cr.gid)) {
handle_control_message((char*) msg.name + 4, (char*) msg.value);
} else {
ERROR("sys_prop: Unable to %s service ctl [%s] uid: %d pid:%d\n",
msg.name + 4, msg.value, cr.uid, cr.pid);
}
} else {
if (check_perms(msg.name, cr.uid, cr.gid)) {//权限检查
property_set((char*) msg.name, (char*) msg.value);
} else {
ERROR("sys_prop: permission denied uid:%d name:%s\n",
cr.uid, msg.name);
}
}
break;
default:
break;
}
}
handle_property_set_fd接收从client发过来的消息，然后根据消息的类型进行相应的处理，对于以”ctl.“打头的消息，先调用check_control_perms进行权限的检查
static int check_control_perms(const char *name, unsigned int uid, unsigned int gid) {
int i;
if (uid == AID_SYSTEM || uid == AID_ROOT)
return 1;
/* Search the ACL */
for (i = 0; control_perms[i].service; i++) {
if (strcmp(control_perms[i].service, name) == 0) {
if ((uid && control_perms[i].uid == uid) ||
(gid && control_perms[i].gid == gid)) {
return 1;
}
}
}
return 0;
}system和root用户直接返回1，其它的用户则需要匹配control_perms相应的项，检查通过后调用handle_control_message处理该消息
void handle_control_message(const char *msg, const char *arg)
{
if (!strcmp(msg,"start")) {
msg_start(arg);
} else if (!strcmp(msg,"stop")) {
msg_stop(arg);
} else {
ERROR("unknown control msg '%s'\n", msg);
}
}static void msg_start(const char *name)
{
struct service *svc;
char *tmp = NULL;
char *args = NULL;
if (!strchr(name, ':'))
svc = service_find_by_name(name);
else {
tmp = strdup(name);
args = strchr(tmp, ':');
*args = '\0';
args++;
svc = service_find_by_name(tmp);
}
if (svc) {
service_start(svc, args);
} else {
ERROR("no such service '%s'\n", name);
}
if (tmp)
free(tmp);
}对于不是以”ctl.“开头的属性，先调用check_perms检查权限
/*
* Checks permissions for setting system properties.
* Returns 1 if uid allowed, 0 otherwise.
*/
static int check_perms(const char *name, unsigned int uid, unsigned int gid)
{
int i;
if (uid == 0)
return 1;
if(!strncmp(name, "ro.", 3))
name +=3;
for (i = 0; property_perms[i].prefix; i++) {
int tmp;
if (strncmp(property_perms[i].prefix, name, //匹配前缀
strlen(property_perms[i].prefix)) == 0) {
if ((uid && property_perms[i].uid == uid) || //检查uid和gid
(gid && property_perms[i].gid == gid)) {
return 1;
}
}
}
return 0;
}看一下property_perms
/* White list of permissions for setting property services. */
struct {
const char *prefix;
unsigned int uid;
unsigned int gid;
} property_perms[] = {
{ "net.rmnet0.", AID_RADIO, 0 },
{ "net.gprs.", AID_RADIO, 0 },
{ "net.ppp", AID_RADIO, 0 },
{ "ril.", AID_RADIO, 0 },
{ "gsm.", AID_RADIO, 0 },
{ "persist.radio", AID_RADIO, 0 },
{ "net.dns", AID_RADIO, 0 },
{ "net.", AID_SYSTEM, 0 },
{ "dev.", AID_SYSTEM, 0 },
{ "runtime.", AID_SYSTEM, 0 },
{ "hw.", AID_SYSTEM, 0 },
{ "sys.", AID_SYSTEM, 0 },
{ "service.", AID_SYSTEM, 0 },
{ "wlan.", AID_SYSTEM, 0 },
{ "dhcp.", AID_SYSTEM, 0 },
{ "dhcp.", AID_DHCP, 0 },
{ "vpn.", AID_SYSTEM, 0 },
{ "vpn.", AID_VPN, 0 },
{ "debug.", AID_SHELL, 0 },
{ "log.", AID_SHELL, 0 },
{ "service.adb.root", AID_SHELL, 0 },
{ "persist.sys.", AID_SYSTEM, 0 },
{ "persist.service.", AID_SYSTEM, 0 },
{ "persist.security.", AID_SYSTEM, 0 },
{ "persist.DEVICEINFO_", AID_SYSTEM, 0 },
{ "DEVICEINFO_", AID_SYSTEM, 0 },
{ NULL, 0, 0 }
};所以，当你增加属性的时候，如果需要init进程对其进行设置，需要在这里添加相应的前缀
权限检票通过后，直接调用property_set设置其属性就可以了。
到这里,property的设置基本就差不多了，下面看一下这个时候的共享内存空间图
从我的分析中，其实可以设置248个属性，但促保留了一个，这样整个分区的图形如上
几个全局变量的指针
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