Guava 介绍

Guava 介绍

Guava是gooogle开放的Java开源库，提高了最佳代码实践并减少代码错误。内置了很多适用的集合方法，缓存机制，原始类型工具，并发编程，通用注解，字符串处理，I/O以及验证等功能。
本文通过简单直接的示例来引入Guava包，希望引起兴趣。

缓存

缓存在软件设计中经常用到，这里看看guava提供的缓存功能。LoadingCache接口声明如下：

   @Beta
   @GwtCompatible
   public interface LoadingCache<K,V> extends Cache<K,V>, Function<K,V>

接口中提供了一些便捷的方法用于操作缓存。这里直接通过示例来说明：

一个实体类，需要缓存：

class Employee {
   String name;
   String dept;
   String emplD;

   public Employee(String name, String dept, String empID) {
      this.name = name;
      this.dept = dept;
      this.emplD = empID;
   }

   public String getName() {
      return name;
   }

   public void setName(String name) {
      this.name = name;
   }

   public String getDept() {
      return dept;
   }

   public void setDept(String dept) {
      this.dept = dept;
   }

   public String getEmplD() {
      return emplD;
   }

   public void setEmplD(String emplD) {
      this.emplD = emplD;
   }

   @Override
   public String toString() {
      return MoreObjects.toStringHelper(Employee.class)
      .add("Name", name)
      .add("Department", dept)
      .add("Emp Id", emplD).toString();
   }    
}

实现缓存的应用代码：

public class CacheTester {
   public static void main(String args[]) {

      //create a cache for employees based on their employee id
      LoadingCache<String, Employee> employeeCache = 
         CacheBuilder.newBuilder()
            .maximumSize(100) // maximum 100 records can be cached
            .expireAfterAccess(30, TimeUnit.MINUTES) // cache will expire after 30 minutes of access
            .build(new CacheLoader<String, Employee>(){ // build the cacheloader

               @Override
               public Employee load(String empId) throws Exception {
                  //make the expensive call
                  return getFromDatabase(empId);
               } 
            });

      try {         
         //on first invocation, cache will be populated with corresponding
         //employee record
         System.out.println("Invocation #1");
         System.out.println(employeeCache.get("100"));
         System.out.println(employeeCache.get("103"));
         System.out.println(employeeCache.get("110"));

         //second invocation, data will be returned from cache
         System.out.println("Invocation #2");
         System.out.println(employeeCache.get("100"));
         System.out.println(employeeCache.get("103"));
         System.out.println(employeeCache.get("110"));

      }catch (ExecutionException e) {
         e.printStackTrace();
      }
   }

   private static Employee getFromDatabase(String empId) {

      Employee e1 = new Employee("Mahesh", "Finance", "100");
      Employee e2 = new Employee("Rohan", "IT", "103");
      Employee e3 = new Employee("Sohan", "Admin", "110");

      Map<String, Employee> database = new HashMap<String, Employee>();

      database.put("100", e1);
      database.put("103", e2);
      database.put("110", e3);

      System.out.println("Database hit for" + empId);

      return database.get(empId);       
   }
}

字符串工具类

Guava提供了很多高级字符串工具类，这里介绍下字符串格式转换：

首先介绍下其定义的几中枚举常量：

• LOWER_CAMEL
  小写字母开头的骆驼命名方式变量，如： “lowerCamel”.

• LOWER_HYPHEN
  小写字母有连字符连接方式变量，如：”lower-hyphen”.

• LOWER_UNDERSCORE
  小写字母有下划线连接方式变量，如：”lower_underscore”.

• UPPER_CAMEL
  大写字母开头的下划线方式变量，如： “UpperCamel”.

• UPPER_UNDERSCORE
  大写字母有下划线连接方式变量，如：”UPPER_UNDERSCORE”.

下面示例其转换功能，在自己实现生成代码功能经常用到，如数据库命名为下划线方式，对应java类则是骆驼命名方式。

package com.dataz;

import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;

import org.junit.Test;
import com.google.common.base.CaseFormat;

/**
 * 把指定字符串从一种格式转换为另一种格式
 * @author Administrator
 *
 */
public class StringConvertDemoTest {

    @Test
    public void test1() {
        String data = "test-data";
        assertEquals("testData", CaseFormat.LOWER_HYPHEN.to(CaseFormat.LOWER_CAMEL, data));
    }

    @Test
    public void test2() {
        String data = "test_data";
        assertEquals("testData", CaseFormat.LOWER_UNDERSCORE.to(CaseFormat.LOWER_CAMEL, data));
    }

    @Test
    public void test3() {
        String data = "test_data";
        assertEquals("TestData", CaseFormat.UPPER_UNDERSCORE.to(CaseFormat.UPPER_CAMEL, data));
    }   
}