App自动化测试之Appium环境部署后续问题及解决方案

最新推荐文章于 2024-08-16 09:36:15 发布

测试界潇潇

最新推荐文章于 2024-08-16 09:36:15 发布

阅读量1.3k

点赞数 30

分类专栏：软件测试文章标签： appium 软件测试功能测试自动化测试职场和发展程序人生

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/nhb687096/article/details/139024765

版权

软件测试专栏收录该内容

1220 篇文章 14 订阅

订阅专栏

1 关于appium driver

在之前的文章我们已经完整的安装了appium以及安装过程中相关问题的排查；参考文章《App自动化测试之Appium基础篇：定义、原理、环境搭建》、《干货！App自动化测试之Appium问题排查及定位》

我们启动下appium的服务看看：


C:\Users\Administrator>appium

[Appium] Welcome to Appium v2.2.3

[Appium] Appium REST http interface listener started on http://0.0.0.0:4723

[Appium] You can provide the following URLs in your client code to connect to this server:

[Appium] http://172.16.1.33:4723/

[Appium] http://127.0.0.1:4723/ (only accessible from the same host)

[Appium] http://172.23.16.1:4723/

[Appium] No drivers have been installed in C:\Users\Administrator\.appium. Use the "appium driver" command to install the one(s) you want to use.

[Appium] No plugins have been installed. Use the "appium plugin" command to install the one(s) you want to use.

发现提示appium driver没有安装，我们安装下吧；appium driver测试驱动是分开管理的，默认不会安装任何的测试驱动，通过 appium driver 子命令管理所有的驱动；
官方可用的驱动如下：


C:\Users\Administrator>appium driver list

- Listing available drivers

✔ Listing available drivers

- uiautomator2 [not installed]

- xcuitest [not installed]

- mac2 [not installed]

- espresso [not installed]

- safari [not installed]

- gecko [not installed]

- chromium [not installed]

我们的环境是Android，所以需要安装下uiautomator2，其他的按照情况来安装即可。

2 安装appium driver

我们使用以下appium driver install uiautomator2命令安装，但是报错了：


C:\Windows\System32>appium driver install uiautomator2

- Installing 'uiautomator2' using NPM install spec 'appium-uiautomator2-driver'

× Installing 'uiautomator2' using NPM install spec 'appium-uiautomator2-driver'

Error: × Encountered an error when installing package: npm command 'install --save-dev --omit=peer --save-exact --global-style --no-package-lock appium-uiautomator2-driver --json' failed with code 1.


STDOUT:

{

"error": {

"code": "ETIMEDOUT",

"summary": "request to https://registry.npmjs.org/appium-uiautomator2-driver failed, reason: ",

"detail": "This is a problem related to network connectivity.\nIn most cases you are behind a proxy or have bad network settings.\n\nIf you are behind a proxy, please make sure that the\n'proxy' config is set properly. See: 'npm help config'"

解决方法是修改npm的镜像源


# 1.查看npm镜像设置

npm config get registry

# 2.将npm设置为淘宝镜像

npm config set registry https://registry.npm.taobao.org

# 3.再次查看npm镜像设置

npm config get registry

再次安装就成功了：


C:\Windows\System32>appium driver install uiautomator2

- Installing 'uiautomator2' using NPM install spec 'appium-uiautomator2-driver'

√ Installing 'uiautomator2' using NPM install spec 'appium-uiautomator2-driver'

i Driver uiautomator2@2.34.2 successfully installed

- automationName: UiAutomator2

- platformNames: ["Android"]

3 安装Appium Python Client

Python Client针对不同的语言有不同的安装方法，我们使用的python版本的；
关于appium的安装过程的步骤之前已经介绍，也可参考管放文档：Quickstart Intro；
安装Appium Python Client：

pip install Appium-Python-Client


Successfully built Appium-Python-Client

Installing collected packages: sortedcontainers, urllib3, sniffio, pysocks, pycparser, idna, h11, certifi, attrs, wsproto, outcome, cffi, trio, trio-websocket, selenium, Appium-Python-Client

Successfully installed Appium-Python-Client-3.1.0 attrs-23.1.0 certifi-2023.11.17 cffi-1.16.0 h11-0.14.0 idna-3.6 outcome-1.3.0.post0 pycparser-2.21 pysocks-1.7.1 selenium-4.16.0 sniffio-1.3.0 sortedcontainers-2.4.0 trio-0.23.1 trio-websocket-0.11.1 urllib3-2.1.0 wsproto-1.2.0

4 安装测试对象

下载一个支持安卓6.0的扣扣，因为我们模拟器是安卓6.0的；
把下载的扣扣传到模拟器中，本地保存在如下：

F:\monkey_test\QQv5.apk

我们先卸载之前装的：

adb uninstall com.tencent.mobileqqi

F:\monkey_test>adb uninstall com.tencent.mobileqqi
Success

重新安装：

adb install QQv5.apk /data/temp


F:\monkey_test>adb install QQv5.apk /data/temp

Performing Push Install

QQv5.apk: 1 file pushed, 0 skipped. 13.1 MB/s (22506899 bytes in 1.634s)

pkg: /data/local/tmp/QQv5.apk

ver: /data/temp

Success

5 获取测试对象信息

以下有三种方式获取应用程序的信息；
我们需要获取的重要信息为：当前app的包名和活动窗口名；
三种方式都可以，选择自己方便的即可。

5.1 使用dumpsys

前提是需要先打开需要测试的app；
我们启动APP后在命令行输入：

adb shell dumpsys | find "mFocusedActivity"

可以看到如下：

 mFocusedActivity: ActivityRecord{54035c5 u0 com.tencent.mobileqqi/com.tencent.mobileqq.activity.InstallActivity t4}

那么重要信息有两个：

# 包名：com.tencent.mobileqqi
# 活动窗口名：com.tencent.mobileqq.activity.LoginActivity

5.2 使用AndroidKiller

AndroidKiller主要是对apk进行反编译操作获取相关信息；
这里不说了，自行搜索吧。

5.3 使用aapt

这个相对来说会方便点，直接找到安装包的路径，使用命令查看即可；
比如我的安装包在本地的F:\monkey_test下：

aapt dump badging QQv5.apk

查看的信息如下：


F:\monkey_test>aapt dump badging QQv5.apk

package: name='com.tencent.mobileqqi' versionCode='6062' versionName='5.1.1'

install-location:'auto'

sdkVersion:'7'

targetSdkVersion:'15'

uses-permission: name='com.android.launcher.permission.INSTALL_SHORTCUT'

uses-permission: name='android.permission.INTERNET'

uses-permission: name='android.permission.VIBRATE'

uses-permission: name='android.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE'

uses-permission: name='android.permission.CHANGE_CONFIGURATION'

uses-permission: name='android.permission.RECEIVE_BOOT_COMPLETED'

uses-permission: name='android.permission.WAKE_LOCK'

uses-permission: name='android.permission.SYSTEM_ALERT_WINDOW'

uses-permission: name='android.permission.RECORD_AUDIO'

uses-permission: name='com.tencent.msf.permission.account.sync'

uses-permission: name='android.permission.MODIFY_AUDIO_SETTINGS'

uses-permission: name='android.permission.CAMERA'

uses-permission: name='android.permission.CHANGE_WIFI_STATE'

uses-permission: name='android.permission.ACCESS_WIFI_STATE'

uses-permission: name='android.permission.READ_PHONE_STATE'

uses-permission: name='android.permission.KILL_BACKGROUND_PROCESSES'

uses-permission: name='android.permission.CALL_PHONE'

uses-permission: name='com.android.launcher.permission.READ_SETTINGS'

uses-permission: name='com.android.launcher.permission.UNINSTALL_SHORTCUT'

uses-permission: name='android.permission.PERSISTENT_ACTIVITY'

uses-permission: name='android.permission.WRITE_SETTINGS'

uses-permission: name='android.permission.SEND_SMS'

uses-permission: name='android.permission.READ_SMS'

uses-permission: name='android.permission.GET_TASKS'

uses-permission: name='com.tencent.permission.VIRUS_SCAN'

uses-permission: name='android.permission.READ_LOGS'

uses-permission: name='android.permission.READ_CONTACTS'

uses-permission: name='android.permission.FLASHLIGHT'

uses-permission: name='android.permission.BLUETOOTH'

uses-permission: name='android.permission.BLUETOOTH_ADMIN'

uses-permission: name='android.permission.BROADCAST_STICKY'

uses-permission: name='android.permission.WRITE_CONTACTS'

uses-permission: name='android.permission.WRITE_OWNER_DATA'

uses-permission: name='android.permission.SYSTEM_OVERLAY_WINDOW'

uses-permission: name='android.permission.CHANGE_NETWORK_STATE'

uses-permission: name='com.android.launcher.permission.WRITE_SETTINGS'

uses-permission: name='com.android.launcher3.permission.READ_SETTINGS'

uses-permission: name='com.android.launcher3.permission.WRITE_SETTINGS'

uses-permission: name='com.htc.launcher.permission.READ_SETTINGS'

uses-permission: name='com.htc.launcher.permission.WRITE_SETTINGS'

uses-permission: name='com.huawei.launcher3.permission.READ_SETTINGS'

uses-permission: name='com.google.android.launcher.permission.READ_SETTINGS'

uses-permission: name='com.google.android.launcher.permission.WRITE_SETTINGS'

uses-permission: name='android.permission.READ_CALENDAR'

uses-permission: name='android.permission.WRITE_CALENDAR'

uses-permission: name='com.sonyericsson.home.permission.BROADCAST_BADGE'

uses-permission: name='com.sec.android.provider.badge.permission.READ'

uses-permission: name='com.sec.android.provider.badge.permission.WRITE'

uses-permission: name='android.permission.GET_ACCOUNTS'

uses-permission: name='android.permission.MANAGE_ACCOUNTS'

uses-permission: name='android.permission.AUTHENTICATE_ACCOUNTS'

uses-permission: name='android.permission.WRITE_CONTACTS'

uses-permission: name='android.permission.READ_SYNC_SETTINGS'

uses-permission: name='android.permission.WRITE_SYNC_SETTINGS'

uses-permission: name='android.permission.DISABLE_KEYGUARD'

uses-permission: name='android.permission.CHANGE_WIFI_MULTICAST_STATE'

uses-permission: name='com.qq.qcloud.permission.ACCESS_ALBUM_BACKUP_LIST'

uses-permission: name='com.android.vending.BILLING'

uses-permission: name='android.permission.RESTART_PACKAGES'

uses-permission: name='android.permission.NFC'

application-label:'QQi'

application-label-de:'QQi'

application-label-es:'QQi'

application-label-fr:'QQi'

application-label-ja:'QQi'

application-label-ko:'QQi'

application-label-zh-CN:'QQi'

application-label-zh-TW:'QQi'

application-icon-120:'R/m/hcw.png'

application-icon-160:'R/m/hcw.png'

application-icon-240:'R/m/hcw.png'

application-icon-320:'R/m/hcw.png'

application-icon-480:'R/m/hcw.png'

application-icon-65535:'R/m/hcw.png'

application: label='QQi' icon='R/m/hcw.png'

launchable-activity: name='com.tencent.mobileqq.activity.SplashActivity' label='QQi' icon=''

uses-library-not-required:'com.google.android.media.effects'

uses-library-not-required:'com.motorola.hardware.frontcamera'

uses-permission: name='com.tencent.photos.permission.DATA'

uses-permission: name='com.tencent.msf.permission.account.sync'

uses-permission: name='com.tencent.music.data.permission'

uses-permission: name='com.tencent.msf.permission.ACCOUNT_NOTICE'

uses-permission: name='android.permission.CHANGE_WIFI_STATE'

uses-permission: name='android.permission.INTERNET'

uses-permission: name='android.permission.ACCESS_WIFI_STATE'

uses-permission: name='android.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE'

uses-permission: name='android.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION'

uses-permission: name='android.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION'

uses-permission: name='android.permission.CAMERA'

uses-permission: name='android.permission.READ_PHONE_STATE'

uses-permission: name='android.permission.WAKE_LOCK'

uses-permission: name='com.android.launcher.permission.INSTALL_SHORTCUT'

uses-permission: name='android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE'

uses-permission: name='android.permission.RECEIVE_BOOT_COMPLETED'

uses-permission: name='com.tencent.msg.permission.pushnotify'

uses-permission: name='com.tencent.msf.permission.account.sync'

uses-permission: name='android.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE'

uses-implied-permission: name='android.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE' reason='requested WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE'

uses-permission: name='android.permission.READ_CALL_LOG'

uses-implied-permission: name='android.permission.READ_CALL_LOG' reason='targetSdkVersion < 16 and requested READ_CONTACTS'

uses-permission: name='android.permission.WRITE_CALL_LOG'

uses-implied-permission: name='android.permission.WRITE_CALL_LOG' reason='targetSdkVersion < 16 and requested WRITE_CONTACTS'

feature-group: label=''

uses-feature-not-required: name='android.hardware.camera'

uses-feature-not-required: name='android.hardware.camera.autofocus'

uses-feature-not-required: name='android.hardware.location'

uses-feature-not-required: name='android.hardware.location.gps'

uses-feature-not-required: name='android.hardware.location.network'

uses-feature-not-required: name='android.hardware.telephony'

uses-feature: name='android.hardware.bluetooth'

uses-implied-feature: name='android.hardware.bluetooth' reason='requested android.permission.BLUETOOTH permission, requested android.permission.BLUETOOTH_ADMIN permission, and targetSdkVersion > 4'

uses-feature: name='android.hardware.faketouch'

uses-implied-feature: name='android.hardware.faketouch' reason='default feature for all apps'

uses-feature: name='android.hardware.microphone'

uses-implied-feature: name='android.hardware.microphone' reason='requested android.permission.RECORD_AUDIO permission'

uses-feature: name='android.hardware.screen.portrait'

uses-implied-feature: name='android.hardware.screen.portrait' reason='one or more activities have specified a portrait orientation'

uses-feature: name='android.hardware.wifi'

uses-implied-feature: name='android.hardware.wifi' reason='requested android.permission.ACCESS_WIFI_STATE permission, requested android.permission.CHANGE_WIFI_MULTICAST_STATE permission, and requested android.permission.CHANGE_WIFI_STATE permission'

main

other-activities

other-receivers

other-services

supports-screens: 'small' 'normal' 'large' 'xlarge'

supports-any-density: 'true'

locales: '--_--' 'de' 'es' 'fr' 'ja' 'ko' 'zh-CN' 'zh-TW'

densities: '120' '160' '240' '320' '480' '65535'

native-code: 'armeabi'

需要的重要信息为：

name='com.tencent.mobileqqi'
launchable-activity: name='com.tencent.mobileqq.activity.SplashActivity'

如果aapt提示找不到命令，需要把它的安装路径加入到系统环境变量中，aapt的路径在：

D:\android-sdk-windows\build-tools\29.0.3

6 Capabilities详解

6.1 Capabilities介绍

Capabilities是启动appium服务端的参数设置；
关于Capabilities可以参考官方文档：Appium capabilities；

以下重点了解几个Capabilities参数。

6.2 automationName

automationName表示自动化测试引擎，好比测试驱动一样；
可供选择的有Appium、Selendriod、uiautomator2等；
本文及后续都使用的是uiautomator2。

6.3 platformName

platformName表示手机或模拟器使用的操作系统；
一般包括iOS、Android等；
本文使用Android。

6.4 platformVersion

platformVersion表示真机或模拟器操作系统的版本；
本文为Android6.0。

6.5 deviceName

deviceName表示使用的测试设备类型；
可以使用adb devices查看设备类型名称：


C:\Windows\System32>adb devices

List of devices attached

emulator-5554 device

比如我的是emulator-5554。

6.6 app

app表示安装包；
如果指定这个参数就会把指定的app安装到指定的路径。

6.7 newCommandTimeout

newCommandTimeout表示两条Appium命令间的最长时间间隔；
如果超时，会自动退出app。

6.8 noReset

noReset表示不需要在会话前重置应用状态；
默认为false。

6.9 fullReset

fullReset可通过卸载而不清空数据来重置应用状态；
默认为false。

6.10 appPackage和appActivity

启动待测试app的appPackage和appActivity；appPackage是app的包名；
appActivity是app的活动窗口名；
这两个参数的获取已经在第五章节说明了。

还有几个参数，这个不一一说明了，直接看官方文档即可。

7 官方示例

以下这个是官方的一个示例，是python版本的；


import unittest

from appium import webdriver

from appium.options.android import UiAutomator2Options

from appium.webdriver.common.appiumby import AppiumBy


capabilities = dict(

platformName='Android',

automationName='uiautomator2',

deviceName='Android',

appPackage='com.android.settings',

appActivity='.Settings',

language='en',

locale='US'

)


appium_server_url = 'http://localhost:4723'


class TestAppium(unittest.TestCase):

def setUp(self) -> None:

self.driver = webdriver.Remote(appium_server_url, options=UiAutomator2Options().load_capabilities(capabilities))


def tearDown(self) -> None:

if self.driver:

self.driver.quit()


def test_find_battery(self) -> None:

el = self.driver.find_element(by=AppiumBy.XPATH, value='//*[@text="Battery"]')

el.click()


if __name__ == '__main__':

unittest.main()

8 测试示例

这里我们写一个我们自己的测试示例；
之前我们已经安装了测试对象扣扣，且已经获取到了它的相关信息；
我们启动appium服务，直接在命令行输入appium即可：

设计如下脚本：


# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-

# 作者：虫无涯

# 日期：2023/12/12

# 文件名称：test_qq.py

# 作用：appium启动一个应用程序

# 联系：VX

# 博客：https://blog.csdn.net/NoamaNelson


from appium import webdriver

from appium.options.android import UiAutomator2Options

from appium.webdriver.common.appiumby import AppiumBy

import time


capabilities = dict(

platformName='Android',

automationName='uiautomator2',

deviceName='emulator-5554',

appPackage='com.tencent.mobileqqi',

appActivity='com.tencent.mobileqq.activity.SplashActivity',

language='en',

locale='US'

)



print("start....")

# 创建driver对象

appium_server_url = 'http://localhost:4723'

driver = webdriver.Remote(appium_server_url, options=UiAutomator2Options().load_capabilities(capabilities))


# 启动应用程

print(driver.capabilities)

# driver.launch_app()


time.sleep(1)

print("已经连接到模拟器了~")


driver.quit()

执行脚本：

D:\Python37\python.exe F:/python_study/appium_test/test_qq.py

start....

{'platformName': 'Android',

'automationName': 'uiautomator2',

'deviceName': 'emulator-5554',

'appPackage': 'com.tencent.mobileqqi',

'appActivity': 'com.tencent.mobileqq.activity.SplashActivity',

'language': 'en',

'locale': 'US',

'platform': 'LINUX',

'webStorageEnabled': False,

'takesScreenshot': True,

'javascriptEnabled': True,

'databaseEnabled': False,

'networkConnectionEnabled': True,

'locationContextEnabled': False,

'warnings': {},

'desired': {'platformName': 'Android', 'automationName': 'uiautomator2', 'deviceName': 'emulator-5554', 'appPackage': 'com.tencent.mobileqqi', 'appActivity': 'com.tencent.mobileqq.activity.SplashActivity', 'language': 'en', 'locale': 'US'},

'deviceUDID': 'emulator-5554', 'pixelRatio': '2', 'statBarHeight': 48, 'viewportRect': {'left': 0, 'top': 48, 'width': 768, 'height': 1136},

'deviceApiLevel': 23, 'platformVersion': '6.0', 'deviceManufacturer': 'unknown', 'deviceModel': 'sdk_phone_armv7', 'deviceScreenSize': '768x1280', 'deviceScreenDensity': 320}

已经连接到模拟器了~

这时候appium的服务端也给出了启动信息：


[AndroidUiautomator2Driver@455c (f190abfc)] Proxying [DELETE /] to [DELETE http://127.0.0.1:8200/session/f9cc13f6-4c4e-4ab5-a2eb-8dfb44f05100] with no body

[AndroidUiautomator2Driver@455c (f190abfc)] Got response with status 200: {"sessionId":"f9cc13f6-4c4e-4ab5-a2eb-8dfb44f05100","value":null}

[ADB] Running 'D:\android-sdk-windows\platform-tools\adb.exe -P 5037 -s emulator-5554 shell am force-stop com.tencent.mobileqqi'

[Instrumentation] .

[Instrumentation] Time: 74.226

[Instrumentation]

[Instrumentation] OK (1 test)

同时模拟器中也打开了扣扣应用程序。

9 启动问题排查

9.1 urllib3 v2.0 only supports OpenSSL 1.1.1+

如果启动过程出现这个错误：

DEPRECATION: celery 5.0.5 has a non-standard dependency specifier pytz>dev. pip 24.0 will enforce this behaviour change. A possible replacement is to upgrade to a newer version of celery or contact the author to suggest that they release a version with a conforming dependency specifiers. Discussion can be found at https://github.com/pypa/pip/issues/12063

则说明Python 环境使用的是 OpenSSL 1.1.0h，而 urllib3 v2.0 需要使用 OpenSSL 1.1.1；
解决方法是：

# 要么升级 OpenSSL 到 1.1.1 或更高版本。
# 要么降级 urllib3 到 v1.x 版本，可以通过命令 pip install urllib3==1.* 来实现。

本文使用降级 urllib3来解决的，但是可能会导致其他依赖包问题。

pip install urllib3==1.26.15

9.2 UnknownError: An unknown server-side error occurred

如果出现以下错误：

UnknownError: An unknown server-side error occurred while processing the command. Original error: Error executing adbExec. Original error: 'Command 'D:\\android-sdk-windows\\platform-tools\\adb.exe -P 5037 -s emulator-5554 shell pm install -r /data/local/tmp/appium_cache/72200c7819db015d5717d05800401c19b35842d5.apk' timed out after 20000ms'. Try to increase the 20000ms adb execution timeout represented by 'uiautomator2ServerInstallTimeout' capability

说明adb安装appium服务的时候报错；
解决方法是先卸载：

adb uninstall /data/local/tmp/appium_cache/72200c7819db015d5717d05800401c19b35842d5.apk

再原样使用命令安装即可：

adb  -P 5037 -s emulator-5554 shell pm install -r /data/local/tmp/appium_cache/72200c7819db015d5717d05800401c19b35842d5.apk

行动吧，在路上总比一直观望的要好，未来的你肯定会感谢现在拼搏的自己！如果想学习提升找不到资料，没人答疑解惑时，请及时加入扣群： 320231853，里面有各种软件测试+开发资料和技术可以一起交流学习哦。

最后感谢每一个认真阅读我文章的人，礼尚往来总是要有的，虽然不是什么很值钱的东西，如果你用得到的话可以直接拿走：

这些资料，对于【软件测试】的朋友来说应该是最全面最完整的备战仓库，这个仓库也陪伴上万个测试工程师们走过最艰难的路程，希望也能帮助到你！