python opencv 图像处理 图像二值化、腐蚀、膨胀、填小洞

图像的二值化，就是将图像上的像素点的灰度值设置为0或255，也就是将整个图像呈现出明显的只有黑和白的视觉效果。

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import cv2 
import numpy as np  
from scipy import ndimage as ndi
from skimage.filters import roberts
#mport cv2.cv as cv
img=cv2.imread('H:\\dicomdata\\cropdata\\1.jpg')  
GrayImage=cv2.cvtColor(img,cv2.COLOR_BGR2GRAY)  
ret,thresh1=cv2.threshold(GrayImage,153,255,cv2.THRESH_BINARY)  
#ret,thresh2=cv2.threshold(GrayImage,130,255,cv2.THRESH_BINARY_INV) 
kernel=np.uint8(np.zeros((5,5)))  
for x in range(5):  
    kernel[x,2]=1;  
    kernel[2,x]=1; 
#腐蚀图像       
eroded=cv2.erode(thresh1,kernel);  
#膨胀图像    
dilated = cv2.dilate(thresh1,kernel)
result = cv2.absdiff(dilated,eroded)
edges = roberts(result)
binary = ndi.binary_fill_holes(edges) 
#plt.subplot(2,2,1)
#plt.imshow(thresh1)
#plt.subplot(2,2,2)
#plt.imshow(result)
#opening = cv2.morphologyEx(result, cv2.MORPH_OPEN, kernel) 
#closing = cv2.morphologyEx(result, cv2.MORPH_CLOSE, kernel)  
plt.imshow(dilated)

#GrayImage=cv2.cvtColor(img,cv2.COLOR_BGR2GRAY)  
#ret,thresh1=cv2.threshold(GrayImage,127,255,cv2.THRESH_BINARY)  
#ret,thresh2=cv2.threshold(GrayImage,127,255,cv2.THRESH_BINARY_INV)

其他opencv 进行二值化的相关操作

#二值化处理，低于阈值的像素点灰度值置为0；高于阈值的值置为参数3
ret,thresh1 = cv2.threshold(grayImage,127,255,cv2.THRESH_BINARY)
cv2.imshow('BINARY',thresh1)


#大于阈值的像素点灰度值置为0；小于阈值置为参数3
ret,thresh2 = cv2.threshold(grayImage,127,200,cv2.THRESH_BINARY_INV)
cv2.imshow('BINARY_INV',thresh2)

#小于阈值的像素点灰度值不变，大于阈值的像素点置为该阈值
ret,thresh3 = cv2.threshold(grayImage,127,255,cv2.THRESH_TRUNC)
cv2.imshow('TRUNC',thresh3)

#小于阈值的像素点灰度值不变，大于阈值的像素点置为0,其中参数3任取
ret,thresh4 = cv2.threshold(grayImage,127,255,cv2.THRESH_TOZERO)
cv2.imshow('BINARY_TOZERO',thresh4)


#大于阈值的像素点灰度值不变，小于阈值的像素点置为0,其中参数3任取
ret,thresh5 = cv2.threshold(grayImage,127,255,cv2.THRESH_TOZERO_INV)
cv2.imshow('BINARY_TOZERO_INV',thresh5)

参考 python数字图像处理（18）：高级形态学处理