1．编写一个程序读取输入，读到#字符停止，然后报告读取的空格数、换行符数和所有其他字符的数量。
#include <stdio.h>
#define STOP '#'
#define SPACE ' '
int main(void)
{
int ch, space, enter, others;
space = enter = others = 0;
printf("请输入信息(输入#结束):\n");
while ((ch = getchar()) != STOP) //字符输入的方式，读到'#'停止
{
if (ch == SPACE)
{
space++;
}
else if (ch == '\n')
{
enter++;
}
else
{
others++;
}
}
printf("打印结果是:\n");
printf("空格:%10d个\n", space);
printf("换行符:%8d个\n", enter);
printf("其它字符:%6d个\n", others);
return 0;
}
2．编写一个程序读取输入，读到#字符停止。程序要打印每个输入的字符以及对应的ASCII码(十进制)。一行打印8个字符。建议:使用字符计数和求模运算符（%）在每8个循环周期时打印一个换行符。3．编写一个程序，读取整数直到用户输入0。输入结束后，程序应报告用户输入的偶数（不包括0)个数、这些偶数的平均值、输入的奇数个数及其奇数的平均值。
#include <stdio.h>
#define STOP '#'
int main(void)
{
int ch;
int i = 0;
printf("请输入信息(输入#结束):\n");
while ((ch = getchar()) != STOP)
{
if (i++ % 8 == 0)
{
printf("\n");
}
if (ch == '\n')
{
printf("'\\n'-%3d ", ch);
}
else if (ch == '\t')
{
printf("'\\t'-%3d ", ch);
}
else
{
printf("'%c'-%3d ", ch, ch);
}
}
printf("\nDone!\n");
return 0;
}
3．编写一个程序，读取整数直到用户输入0。输入结束后，程序应报告用户输入的偶数（不包括0)个数、这些偶数的平均值、输入的奇数个数及其奇数的平均值。
#include <stdio.h>
int main(void)
{
int n, odd, even;
int e_sum, o_sum;
odd = even = 0;
e_sum = o_sum = 0;
printf("请输入一个整数(0退出程序):");
while ((scanf("%d", &n) == 1) && (n != 0))
{
if (n % 2 == 0)
{
even++;
e_sum += n;
}
else
{
odd++;
o_sum += n;
}
printf("您可以再次输入(0则退出):");
}
printf("偶数:%d个\n", even);
if (even > 0)
{
printf("偶数的平均值是%g\n", (float)e_sum / even);
}
printf("奇数:%d个\n", odd);
if (odd > 0)
{
printf("奇数的平均值是%g\n", (float)o_sum / odd);
}
printf("本程序完成!\n");
return 0;
}
4．使用if else 语句编写一个程序读取输入，读到#停止。用感叹号替换句号，用两个感叹号替换原来的感叹号，最后报告进行了多少次替换。
#include <stdio.h>
#define STOP '#'
int main(void)
{
int ch;
int n = 0;
printf("请输入信息(输入#结束):\n");
while ((ch = getchar()) != STOP)
{
if (ch == '.')
{
putchar('!');
n++;
}
else if (ch == '!')
{
printf("!!");
n++;
}
else
{
putchar(ch);
}
}
printf("\n共替代了%d次.\n", n);
printf("('.'->'!') or ('!'->'!!').\n");
return 0;
}
5．使用switch重写练习4。
#include <stdio.h>
#define STOP '#'
int main(void)
{
int ch;
int n = 0;
printf("请输入信息(输入#结束):\n");
while ((ch = getchar()) != STOP)
{
switch (ch)
{
case '.':
{
putchar('!');
n++;
break;
}
case '!':
{
printf("!!");
n++;
break;
}
default:
{
putchar(ch);
}
}
}
printf("\n共出现了%d次.\n", n);
printf("('.'->'!') or ('!'->'!!').\n");
return 0;
}
6．编写程序读取输入，读到#停止，报告ei出现的次数。
（注意：该程序要记录前一个字符和当前字符。用“Receive your eieio award”这样的输入来测试.）
#include <stdio.h>
#define STOP '#'
int main(void)
{
int ch;
int n = 0;
int flag = 0;
printf("请输入一个整数(0退出程序):\n");
while ((ch = getchar()) != STOP)
{
switch (ch)
{
case 'e':
{
flag = 1;
break;
}
case 'i':
{
if (1 == flag)
{
n++;
}
flag = 0;
break;
}
default:
{
flag = 0;
}
}
}
printf("\n共出现了%d次 \'ei\'.\n", n);
return 0;
}
7．编写一个程序，提示用户输入一周工作的小时数，然后打印工资总额、税金和净收入。做如下假设:
a．基本工资= 1000美元/小时
b. 加班（超过40小时）= 1.5倍的时间
c. 税率:前300美元为15%
续150美元为20%
余下的为25%
用#define定义符号常量。不用在意是否符合当前的税法。
#include <stdio.h>
#define BASE_SALARY 10.0f
#define EXTRA_HOUR 1.5f
#define BASE_TAX 0.15f
#define EXTRA_TAX 0.2f
#define EXCEED_TAX 0.25f
int main(void)
{
float hours = 0.0f;
float salary, tax, taxed_salary;
printf("Enter the working hours a week:");
while ((!scanf("%f", &hours)) || (hours < 0))
{
while (getchar() != '\n')
continue;
printf("Please enter a positive number:");
}
if (hours <= 30)
{
salary = hours * BASE_SALARY;
tax = salary * BASE_TAX;
taxed_salary = salary - tax;
}
else if (hours <= 40)
{
salary = hours * BASE_SALARY;
tax = 300 * BASE_TAX + (salary - 300) * EXTRA_TAX;
taxed_salary = salary - tax;
}
else
{
salary = (40 + (hours - 40) * EXTRA_HOUR) * BASE_SALARY;
if (salary <= 450)
{
tax = 300 * BASE_TAX + (salary - 300) * EXTRA_TAX;
}
else
{
tax = 300 * BASE_TAX + (salary - 300) * EXTRA_TAX + (salary - 450) * EXCEED_TAX;
}
taxed_salary = salary - tax;
}
printf("salary(before tax):$%g\n", salary);
printf("tax:$%g\n", tax);
printf("salary(after tax):$%g\n", taxed_salary);
return 0;
}
8．修改练习7的假设a，让程序可以给出一个供选择的工资等级菜单。使用switch完成工资等级选择。
运行程序后，显示的菜单应该类似这样:
Enter the number corresponding to the desired pay rate or action:1) $8.75/hr
2)$9.33/hr
3)$10.00 /hr
4)$11.20 /hr
5) quit
如果选择1-4其中的一个数字，程序应该询问用户工作的小时数。程序要通过循环运行，除非用户输入5。如果输入1~5以外的数字，程序应提醒用户输入正确的选项，然后再重复显示菜单提示用户输入。使用#define创建符号常量表示各工资等级和税率。
#include <stdio.h>
#include <ctype.h>
#define EXTRA_HOUR 1.5f
#define BASE_TAX 0.15f
#define EXTRA_TAX 0.2f
#define EXCEED_TAX 0.25f
int show_menu(void);
void show_salary(float base_salary, float hours);
int get_choice(void);
void eatline(void);
int main(void)
{
int ch;
float n;
while ((ch = show_menu()) != 5)
{
printf("Enter the working hours a week:");
while ((!scanf("%f", &n)) || (n < 0))
{
eatline();
printf("Enter a positive number:");
}
eatline();
switch (ch)
{
case 1:
{
show_salary(8.75f, n);
break;
}
case 2:
{
show_salary(9.33f, n);
break;
}
case 3:
{
show_salary(10.00f, n);
break;
}
case 4:
{
show_salary(11.20f, n);
break;
}
}
putchar('\n');
}
printf("Done!\n");
return 0;
}
int get_choice(void)
{
int ch = 0;
scanf("%d", &ch);
eatline();
return ch;
}
void eatline(void)
{
while (getchar() != '\n')
continue;
return;
}
int show_menu(void)
{
int ch;
printf("**********************************************************************\n");
printf("Enter the number corresponding to the desired pay rate or action:\n");
printf("1) $8.75/hr 2) $9.33/hr\n");
printf("3) $10.00/hr 4) $11.20/hr\n");
printf("5) Quit\n");
printf("**********************************************************************\n");
printf("Please you choose:");
ch = get_choice();
while (ch != 1 && ch != 2 && ch != 3 && ch != 4 && ch != 5)
{
printf("Please enter 1,2,3,4 or 5:");
ch = get_choice();
}
return ch;
}
void show_salary(float base_salary, float hours)
{
float salary, tax, taxed_salary;
if (hours <= 30)
{
salary = hours * base_salary;
tax = salary * BASE_TAX;
taxed_salary = salary - tax;
}
else if (hours <= 40)
{
salary = hours * base_salary;
tax = 300 * BASE_TAX + (salary - 300) * EXTRA_TAX;
taxed_salary = salary - tax;
}
else
{
salary = (40 + (hours - 40) * EXTRA_HOUR) * base_salary;
if (salary <= 450)
{
tax = 300 * BASE_TAX + (salary - 300) * EXTRA_TAX;
}
else
{
tax = 300 * BASE_TAX + (salary - 300) * EXTRA_TAX + (salary - 450) * EXCEED_TAX;
}
taxed_salary = salary - tax;
}
printf("salary(before tax):$%g\n", salary);
printf("tax:$%g\n", tax);
printf("salary(after tax):$%g\n", taxed_salary);
return;
}
9．编写一个程序，只接受正整数输入，然后显示所有小于或等于该数的素数。
#include <stdio.h>
#include <math.h>
int main(void)
{
int i, n, number, prime;
printf("请您输入一个正整数(<=0退出):");
while ((scanf("%d", &number) == 1) && (number > 0))
{
if (number == 1)
{
printf("1不是素数!\n");
printf("您可以再次输入一个正整数(<=0退出):");
continue;
}
printf("小于或等于%d的素数有:\n", number);
for (i = 2; i <= number; i++)
{
prime = 1;
for (n = 2; n <= sqrt(i); n++)
{
if (i % n == 0)
{
prime = 0;
break;
}
}
if (prime)
{
printf("%-3d", i);
}
}
printf("\n您可以再次输入一个正整数(<=0退出):");
}
printf("本程序完成!\n");
return 0;
}
10.1988年的美国联邦税收计划是近代最简单的税收方案。它分为4个类别，每个类别有两个等级。
下面是该税收计划的摘要（美元数为应征税的收入):
类别 税金
单身 17850美元按15%计，超出部分按28%计
户主 23900美元按15%计，超出部分按28%计
已婚，共有 29750美元按15%计，超出部分按28%计
已婚，离异 14875美元按15%计，超出部分按28%计
例如，一位工资为20000美元的单身纳税人，应缴纳税费0.15×17850+0.28×（20000-17850）美元。编写一个程序，让用户指定缴纳税金的种类和应纳税收入，然后计算税金。程序应通过循环让用户可以多次输入。
#include <stdio.h>
#define PLAN1 17850
#define PLAN2 23900
#define PLAN3 29750
#define PLAN4 14875
#define RATE1 0.15
#define RATE2 0.28
int main(void)
{
int n;
double wage, tax;
while (1)
{
printf("********************************\n");
printf("1)单身 2)户主\n");
printf("3)已婚，共有 4)已婚，离异\n");
printf("5)退出本程序\n");
printf("********************************\n");
printf("请您选择您的身份(输入5退出本程序):");
while ((!scanf("%d", &n)) || (n > 5 || n < 1))
{
while (getchar() != '\n')
continue;
printf("请重新输入1,2,3,4或5:");
}
if (1 == n)
{
printf("请输入您的工资:");
scanf("%lf", &wage);
if (wage <= PLAN1)
{
tax = wage * RATE1;
printf("您需要交$%g税金\n\n", tax);
}
else
{
tax = PLAN1 * RATE1 + (wage - PLAN1) * RATE2;
printf("您需要交$%g税金\n\n", tax);
}
}
else if (2 == n)
{
printf("请输入您的工资:");
scanf("%lf", &wage);
if (wage <= PLAN2)
{
tax = wage * RATE1;
printf("您需要交$%g税金\n\n", tax);
}
else
{
tax = PLAN2 * RATE1 + (wage - PLAN2) * RATE2;
printf("您需要交$%g税金\n\n", tax);
}
}
else if (3 == n)
{
printf("请输入您的工资:");
scanf("%lf", &wage);
if (wage <= PLAN3)
{
tax = wage * RATE1;
printf("您需要交$%g税金\n\n", tax);
}
else
{
tax = PLAN3 * RATE1 + (wage - PLAN3) * RATE2;
printf("您需要交$%g税金\n\n", tax);
}
}
else if (4 == n)
{
printf("请输入您的工资:");
scanf("%lf", &wage);
if (wage <= PLAN4)
{
tax = wage * RATE1;
printf("您需要交$%g税金\n\n", tax);
}
else
{
tax = PLAN4 * RATE1 + (wage - PLAN4) * RATE2;
printf("您需要交$%g税金\n\n", tax);
}
}
else if (5 == n)
{
break;
}
}
printf("本程序完成!\n");
return 0;
}
11.ABC邮购杂货店出售的洋蓟售价为2.05美元/磅，甜菜售价为1.15美元/磅，胡萝卜售价为1.09美元/磅。在添加运费之前，100美元的订单有5%的打折优惠。少于或等于5磅的订单收取6.5美元的运费和包装费，5磅～20磅的订单收取14美元的运费和包装费，超过20磅的订单在14美元的基础上每续重Ⅰ磅增加0.5美元。编写一个程序，在循环中用switch语句实现用户输入不同的字母时有不同的响应，即输入a的响应是让用户输入洋蓟的磅数，b是甜菜的磅数，c是胡萝卜的磅数，q是退出订购。程序要记录累计的重量。即，如果用户输入4磅的甜菜，然后输入5磅的甜菜，程序应报告9磅的甜菜。然后，该程序要计算货物总价、折扣（如果有的话)、运费和包装费。随后，程序应显示所有的购买信息:物品售价、订购的重量（单位:磅)、订购的蔬菜费用、订单的总费用、折扣（如果有的话)、运费和包装费，以及所有的费用总额。
#include <stdio.h>
#include <ctype.h>
int main(void)
{
const double price_artichokes = 2.05;
const double price_beets = 1.15;
const double price_carrots = 1.09;
const double DISCOUNT_RATE = 0.05;
const double under5 = 6.50;
const double under20 = 14.00;
const double base20 = 14.00;
const double extralb = 0.50;
int ch;
double lb_artichokes = 0;
double lb_beets = 0;
double lb_carrots = 0;
double lb_temp;
double lb_total;
double cost_artichokes;
double cost_beets;
double cost_carrots;
double cost_total;
double final_total;
double discount;
double shipping;
printf("Enter a to buy artichokes, b for beets, ");
printf("c for carrots, q to quit: ");
while ((ch = tolower(getchar())) != 'q')
{
if (isspace(ch))
{
continue;
}
while (getchar() != '\n')
continue;
switch (ch)
{
case 'a':
{
printf("Enter pounds of artichokes: ");
scanf("%lf", &lb_temp);
lb_artichokes += lb_temp;
break;
}
case 'b':
{
printf("Enter pounds of beets: ");
scanf("%lf", &lb_temp);
lb_beets += lb_temp;
break;
}
case 'c':
{
printf("Enter pounds of carrots: ");
scanf("%lf", &lb_temp);
lb_carrots += lb_temp;
break;
}
default:
{
printf("%c is not a valid choice.\n", ch);
}
}
printf("Enter a to buy artichokes, b for beets, ");
printf("c for carrots, q to quit: ");
}
cost_artichokes = price_artichokes * lb_artichokes;
cost_beets = price_beets * lb_beets;
cost_carrots = price_carrots * lb_carrots;
cost_total = cost_artichokes + cost_beets + cost_carrots;
lb_total = lb_artichokes + lb_beets + lb_carrots;
if (lb_total <= 0)
{
shipping = 0.0;
}
else if (lb_total < 5.0)
{
shipping = under5;
}
else if (lb_total < 20.0)
{
shipping = under20;
}
else
{
shipping = base20 + extralb * lb_total;
}
if (cost_total > 100.0)
{
discount = DISCOUNT_RATE * cost_total;
}
else
{
discount = 0.0;
}
final_total = cost_total + shipping - discount;
printf("Your order:\n");
printf("%.2f lbs of artichokes at $%.2f per pound:$ %.2f\n",
lb_artichokes, price_artichokes, cost_artichokes);
printf("%.2f lbs of beets at $%.2f per pound: $%.2f\n",
lb_beets, price_beets, cost_beets);
printf("%.2f lbs of carrots at $%.2f per pound: $%.2f\n",
lb_carrots, price_carrots, cost_carrots);
printf("Total cost of vegetables: $%.2f\n", cost_total);
if (cost_total > 100)
{
printf("Volume discount: $%.2f\n", discount);
}
printf("Shipping: $%.2f\n", shipping);
printf("Total charges: $%.2f\n", final_total);
return 0;
}
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