【I/O】Character Streams

本文目录:

Character Streams

Reader

read()

read(char[] buf, int offset, int count)

read(char[] buf)

read(java.nio.CharBuffer buf)

skip(long count)

ready()

close()

Writer

write(int ch)

write(char[] buf, int offset, int count)

write(char[] buf)

write(String str, int offset, int count)

write(String str)

flush()

close()

Character Streams: character是16位的UTF-16字符, 基于文本的I/O流是人们可读的字符, 如程序的源代码. Charater streams被称为readers和writers. 对于多数的input或output streams都有相应的reader或writer字符流, 反之亦然. 和byte streams一样, character streams也要明确地关闭以释放资源.

java.io包中的Character Streams类型树:

Reader

public int read() throws IOException

作用: 读取一个字符.

说明: 返回值的取值范围为0-65535. 读取的数据作为int型数据的低16位. 若由于到达流的末尾而无字符可读, 则返回-1.

eg.

package mjn.io;

import java.io.FileReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.Reader;

/**
 * count the total characters 
 * and spaces of a text file
 * 
 * @author MJN
 * @date   2011-09-30
 */
public class CountSpaces {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        Reader in = new FileReader("in.txt");
        int total = 0;
        int spaces = 0;
        int ch;
        while ((ch = in.read()) != -1) {
            if (Character.isWhitespace((char) ch)) {
                spaces++;
            }
            total++;
        }
        System.out.println(total + " chars, " + spaces + " spaces.");
    }
}

文件in.txt的内容:

hello world!

程序输出:

12 chars, 1 spaces.

public int read(char[] buf, int offset, int count) throws IOException

作用: 读取count个字符到数组buf(从buf[offset]到buf[offset + count - 1]), 返回实际读取的字符个数.

说明: 若因为其他原因(非遇到流的末尾)如流已被关闭, 则抛出IOException异常.

public int read(char[] buf) throws IOException

作用: 执行read(buf, 0, buf.length).

public int read(java.nio.CharBuffer buf) throws IOException

作用: 读取尽可能多的字符到buf中, 而不会有溢出.

public long skip(long count) throws IOException

作用: 跳过count个字符

public boolean ready() throws IOException

作用: 流是否已经准备好.

说明: 至少有一个字符可以读.

public abstract void close() throws IOException

作用: 关闭字符输入流.

Writer

public void write(int ch throws IOException

作用: 将一个字符写入流

说明: 只有ch的低16位被写入.

public void write(char[] buf, int offset, int count) throws IOException

作用: 将字符数组buf的count个字符写入流(从buf[offset]到buf[offset + count - 1]).

说明: 若count > buf.length - offset, 则抛出java.lang.IndexOutOfBoundsException异常.

public void write(char[] buf) throws IOException

作用: 执行write(buf, 0, buf.length).

public void write(String str, int offset, int count) throws IOException

作用: 将字符串str的count个字符写入流(从str.charAt(offset)到str.charAt(offset + count - 1)).

public void write(String str) throws IOException

作用: 执行write(str, 0, str.length()).

public abstract void flush() throws IOException

作用: 刷新缓冲.

public abstract void close() throws IOException

作用: 关闭流, 释放资源.

References:

[1] 《The Java Programming Language, Fourth Edition》