2020/12/15 sunhaiqi@bonc.com.cn
HDFS常用操作指令及管理命令(FSCK、安全模式、配额)
一、常用操作指令
1.1、基本语法
hadoop fs 【】
hdfs dfs 【】
1.2、参数大全
[-appendToFile <localsrc> ... <dst>]
[-cat [-ignoreCrc] <src> ...]
[-checksum <src> ...]
[-chgrp [-R] GROUP PATH...]
[-chmod [-R] <MODE[,MODE]... | OCTALMODE> PATH...]
[-chown [-R] [OWNER][:[GROUP]] PATH...]
[-copyFromLocal [-f] [-p] <localsrc> ... <dst>]
[-copyToLocal [-p] [-ignoreCrc] [-crc] <src> ... <localdst>]
[-count [-q] <path> ...]
[-cp [-f] [-p] <src> ... <dst>]
[-createSnapshot <snapshotDir> [<snapshotName>]]
[-deleteSnapshot <snapshotDir> <snapshotName>]
[-df [-h] [<path> ...]]
[-du [-s] [-h] <path> ...]
[-expunge]
[-get [-p] [-ignoreCrc] [-crc] <src> ... <localdst>]
[-getfacl [-R] <path>]
[-getmerge [-nl] <src> <localdst>]
[-help [cmd ...]]
[-ls [-d] [-h] [-R] [<path> ...]]
[-mkdir [-p] <path> ...]
[-moveFromLocal <localsrc> ... <dst>]
[-moveToLocal <src> <localdst>]
[-mv <src> ... <dst>]
[-put [-f] [-p] <localsrc> ... <dst>]
[-renameSnapshot <snapshotDir> <oldName> <newName>]
[-rm [-f] [-r|-R] [-skipTrash] <src> ...]
[-rmdir [--ignore-fail-on-non-empty] <dir> ...]
[-setfacl [-R] [{-b|-k} {-m|-x <acl_spec>} <path>]|[--set <acl_spec> <path>]]
[-setrep [-R] [-w] <rep> <path> ...]
[-stat [format] <path> ...]
[-tail [-f] <file>]
[-test -[defsz] <path>]
[-text [-ignoreCrc] <src> ...]
[-touchz <path> ...]
[-usage [cmd ...]]
1.3、操作实例:
-help:输出这个命令参数
bin/hdfs dfs -help rm
-ls: 显示目录信息
hadoop fs -ls /
hadoop fs -ls -R = hadoop fs -lsr
-mkdir:在hdfs上创建目录
hadoop fs -mkdir -p /user/bduser/test
-moveFromLocal从本地剪切粘贴到hdfs
hadoop fs - moveFromLocal /home/hadoop/a.txt /user/bduser/test
-moveToLocal:从hdfs剪切粘贴到本地
hadoop fs - moveToLocal /user/bduser/test /home/hadoop/a.txt
-appendToFile :追加一个文件到已经存在的文件末尾
hadoop fs -appendToFile ./hello.txt /hello.txt
-cat :显示文件内容
-tail:显示一个文件的末尾
hadoop fs -tail /weblog/access_log.1
-text:以字符形式打印一个文件的内容
hadoop fs -text /weblog/access_log.1
-chgrp 、-chmod、-chown:linux文件系统中的用法一样,修改文件所属权限
hadoop fs -chmod 666 /hello.txt
hadoop fs -chown someuser:somegrp /hello.txt
-copyFromLocal:从本地文件系统中拷贝文件到hdfs路径去
hadoop fs -copyFromLocal ./jdk.tar.gz /aaa/
-copyToLocal:从hdfs拷贝到本地
hadoop fs -copyToLocal /aaa/jdk.tar.gz
-cp :从hdfs的一个路径拷贝到hdfs的另一个路径
hadoop fs -cp /user/bduser/test/jdk.tar.gz /user/bduser/soft/jdk.tar.gz
-mv:在hdfs目录中移动文件
hadoop fs -mv /user/bduser/test/jdk.tar.gz /
-get:等同于copyToLocal,就是从hdfs下载文件到本地
hadoop fs -get /user/bduser/test/jdk.tar.gz ~/test/
-getmerge :合并下载多个文件,比如hdfs的目录 /aaa/下有多个文件:log.1, log.2,log.3,...
hadoop fs -getmerge /aaa/log.* ./log.sum
-put:等同于copyFromLocal
hadoop fs -put /opt/softwares/jdk.tar.gz /user/bduser/test//jdk.tar.gz
-rm:删除文件或文件夹
hadoop fs -rm -r /user/bduser/test/adir/
hadoop fs -rmr /user/bduser/test/bdir/
-rmdir:删除空目录
hadoop fs -rmdir /user/bduser/test/cdir
-df :统计文件系统的可用空间信息
hadoop fs -df -h /
-du统计文件夹的大小信息
hadoop fs -du -s -h /user/bduser/*
-count:统计一个指定目录下的文件节点数量
hadoop fs -count /user/bduser/
-setrep:设置hdfs中文件的副本数量
hadoop fs -setrep 3 /aaa/jdk.tar.gz
(这里设置的副本数只是记录在namenode的元数据中,是否真的会有这么多副本,还得看datanode的数量。如果只有3台设备,最多也就3个副本,只有节点数的增加到10台时,副本数才能达到10)
二、FSCK
在HDFS中,提供了fsck命令,用于检查HDFS上文件和目录的健康状态、获取文件的block信息和位置信息等。
2.1、基本语法
hdfs fsck
2.2、参数大全
[]$ hdfs fsck
Usage: hdfs fsck <path> [-list-corruptfileblocks | [-move | -delete | -openforwrite] [-files [-blocks [-locations | -racks]]]] [-includeSnapshots] [-storagepolicies] [-blockId <blk_Id>]
<path> start checking from this path
-move move corrupted files to /lost+found
-delete delete corrupted files
-files print out files being checked
-openforwrite print out files opened for write
-includeSnapshots include snapshot data if the given path indicates a snapshottable directory or there are snapshottable directories under it
-list-corruptfileblocks print out list of missing blocks and files they belong to
-blocks print out block report
-locations print out locations for every block
-racks print out network topology for data-node locations
-storagepolicies print out storage policy summary for the blocks
-blockId print out which file