工厂模式总结

工厂模式实现了创建者和调用者的分离，工厂模式分为简单工厂模式、工厂模式、抽象工厂模式。

工厂模式有很多的应用场景

1、JDK中Calendar的getInstance()方法。

2、JDBC中Connection对象的获取。

3、Spring中IOC容器创建者管理bean对象

4、XML解析时的DocumentBuilderFactory创建解析器对象

5、反射中Class对象是newInstance（）。

下面，我们先来介绍一下工厂模式

1、简单工厂模式

简单工厂模式是由一个工厂对象决定创建出哪一种产品类的实例。

public interface Operation {
 
    public double getResult(double numberA,double numberB) throws Exception;
 
}

public class Add implements Operation{
 
    // 加法计算
    public double getResult(double numberA, double numberB) {
 
        return numberA + numberB;
    }
}
 
 
public class Sub implements Operation{
 
    // 减法计算
    public double getResult(double numberA, double numberB) {
        return numberA-numberB;
    }
}
 
 
public class Mul implements Operation{
 
    // 乘法计算
    public double getResult(double numberA, double numberB) {
        return numberA * numberB;
    }
}
 
 
public class Div implements Operation {
 
    // 除法计算
    public double getResult(double numberA, double numberB) throws Exception {
        if (numberB == 0) {
            throw new Exception("除数不能为0！");
        }
        return numberA / numberB;
    }
}

public class EasyFactory {
 
    // 简单工厂，根据字符串创建相应的对象
    public static Operation createOperation(String name) {
        Operation operationObj = null;
        switch (name) {
            case "+":
                operationObj = new Add();
                break;
            case "-":
                operationObj = new Sub();
                break;
            case "*":
                operationObj = new Mul();
                break;
            case "/":
                operationObj = new Div();
                break;
        }
        return operationObj;
    }
}

public class Client {
 
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
 
        Operation add = EasyFactory.createOperation("+");
        Operation sub = EasyFactory.createOperation("-");
        Operation mul = EasyFactory.createOperation("*");
        Operation div = EasyFactory.createOperation("/");
 
        System.out.println(add.getResult(1, 1));
        System.out.println(sub.getResult(1, 1));
        System.out.println(mul.getResult(1, 1));
        System.out.println(div.getResult(1, 1));
    }
}

简单工厂模式用工厂类方法代替new操作，将选择实现类，创建对象进行统一管理和控制

缺点：如果需要在方法里写很多与对象创建有关的业务代码，而且需要的创建的对象还不少的话，我们要在这个简单工厂类里编写很多个方法，这样就导致耦合性比较高。

2、工厂方法模式

对于简单工厂模式的缺点，工厂方法模式中是一个子类对应一个工厂类，而这些工厂类都实现于一个抽象接口。

abstract class Car{  
    private String name;  
      
    public abstract void drive();  
      
    public String getName() {  
        return name;  
    }  
    public void setName(String name) {  
        this.name = name;  
    }  
}  

class Benz extends Car{  
    public void drive(){  
        System.out.println(this.getName()+"----go-----------------------");  
    }  
}  
class Bmw extends Car{  
    public void drive(){  
        System.out.println(this.getName()+"----go-----------------------");  
    }  
}  
  
  

abstract class Driver{  
    public abstract Car createCar(String car) throws Exception;  
}  
 
class BenzDriver extends Driver{  
    public Car createCar(String car) throws Exception {  
        return new Benz();  
    }  
}  
class BmwDriver extends Driver{  
    public Car createCar(String car) throws Exception {  
        return new Bmw();  
    }  
}  
  
public class Boss{  
  
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {  
        Driver d = new BenzDriver();  
        Car c = d.createCar("benz");   
        c.setName("benz");  
        c.drive();  
    }  
} 

这里我们不难看出，定义了一个抽象产品类，其中有两个类实现了这个抽象类，有定义了一个工厂类，通过继承这个工厂类分别实现实例化产品类，这就大大降低了耦合

3、抽象工厂模式

它和工厂方法模式的区别就在于需要创建对象的复杂程度上。而且抽象工厂模式是三个里面最为抽象、最具一般性的。抽象工厂模式的用意为：给客户端提供一个接口，可以创建多个产品族中的产品对象。

//抽象产品（Bmw和Audi同理）  
abstract class BenzCar{  
    private String name;  
      
    public abstract void drive();  
      
    public String getName() {  
        return name;  
    }  
    public void setName(String name) {  
        this.name = name;  
    }  
}  
//具体产品（Bmw和Audi同理）  
class BenzSportCar extends BenzCar{  
    public void drive(){  
        System.out.println(this.getName()+"----BenzSportCar-----------------------");  
    }  
}  
class BenzBusinessCar extends BenzCar{  
    public void drive(){  
        System.out.println(this.getName()+"----BenzBusinessCar-----------------------");  
    }  
}  
  
abstract class BmwCar{  
    private String name;  
      
    public abstract void drive();  
      
    public String getName() {  
        return name;  
    }  
    public void setName(String name) {  
        this.name = name;  
    }  
}  
class BmwSportCar extends BmwCar{  
    public void drive(){  
        System.out.println(this.getName()+"----BmwSportCar-----------------------");  
    }  
}  
class BmwBusinessCar extends BmwCar{  
    public void drive(){  
        System.out.println(this.getName()+"----BmwBusinessCar-----------------------");  
    }  
}  
  
abstract class AudiCar{  
    private String name;  
      
    public abstract void drive();  
      
    public String getName() {  
        return name;  
    }  
    public void setName(String name) {  
        this.name = name;  
    }  
}  
class AudiSportCar extends AudiCar{  
    public void drive(){  
        System.out.println(this.getName()+"----AudiSportCar-----------------------");  
    }  
}  
class AudiBusinessCar extends AudiCar{  
    public void drive(){  
        System.out.println(this.getName()+"----AudiBusinessCar-----------------------");  
    }  
}  
  
  
//抽象工厂  
abstract class Driver3{  
    public abstract BenzCar createBenzCar(String car) throws Exception;  
      
    public abstract BmwCar createBmwCar(String car) throws Exception;  
      
    public abstract AudiCar createAudiCar(String car) throws Exception;  
}  
//具体工厂  
class SportDriver extends Driver3{  
    public BenzCar createBenzCar(String car) throws Exception {  
        return new BenzSportCar();  
    }  
    public BmwCar createBmwCar(String car) throws Exception {  
        return new BmwSportCar();  
    }  
    public AudiCar createAudiCar(String car) throws Exception {  
        return new AudiSportCar();  
    }  
}  
class BusinessDriver extends Driver3{  
    public BenzCar createBenzCar(String car) throws Exception {  
        return new BenzBusinessCar();  
    }  
    public BmwCar createBmwCar(String car) throws Exception {  
        return new BmwBusinessCar();  
    }  
    public AudiCar createAudiCar(String car) throws Exception {  
        return new AudiBusinessCar();  
    }  
}  
  
//老板  
public class BossAbstractFactory {  
  
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {  
          
        Driver3 d = new BusinessDriver();  
        AudiCar car = d.createAudiCar("");  
        car.drive();  
    }  
}  

这里我们是不方便扩展的，不妨我们用反射+简单工厂来改进抽象工厂

abstract class BenzCar{  
    private String name;  
      
    public abstract void drive();  
      
    public String getName() {  
        return name;  
    }  
    public void setName(String name) {  
        this.name = name;  
    }  
}  
class BenzSportCar extends BenzCar{  
    public void drive(){  
        System.out.println(this.getName()+"----BenzSportCar-----------------------");  
    }  
}  
class BenzBusinessCar extends BenzCar{  
    public void drive(){  
        System.out.println(this.getName()+"----BenzBusinessCar-----------------------");  
    }  
}  
  
abstract class BmwCar{  
    private String name;  
      
    public abstract void drive();  
      
    public String getName() {  
        return name;  
    }  
    public void setName(String name) {  
        this.name = name;  
    }  
}  
class BmwSportCar extends BmwCar{  
    public void drive(){  
        System.out.println(this.getName()+"----BmwSportCar-----------------------");  
    }  
}  
class BmwBusinessCar extends BmwCar{  
    public void drive(){  
        System.out.println(this.getName()+"----BmwBusinessCar-----------------------");  
    }  
}  
  
abstract class AudiCar{  
    private String name;  
      
    public abstract void drive();  
      
    public String getName() {  
        return name;  
    }  
    public void setName(String name) {  
        this.name = name;  
    }  
}  
class AudiSportCar extends AudiCar{  
    public void drive(){  
        System.out.println(this.getName()+"----AudiSportCar-----------------------");  
    }  
}  
class AudiBusinessCar extends AudiCar{  
    public void drive(){  
        System.out.println(this.getName()+"----AudiBusinessCar-----------------------");  
    }  
}  
  
  
/** 
 * 简单工厂通过反射改进抽象工厂及其子工厂 
 * @author Administrator 
 * 
 */  
class Driver3{  
    public static BenzCar createBenzCar(String car) throws Exception {  
        return (BenzCar) Class.forName(car).newInstance();  
    }  
      
    public static BmwCar createBmwCar(String car) throws Exception {  
        return (BmwCar) Class.forName(car).newInstance();  
    }  
      
    public static AudiCar createAudiCar(String car) throws Exception {  
        return (AudiCar) Class.forName(car).newInstance();  
    }  
}  
//客户端  
public class SimpleAndAbstractFactory {  
  
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {  
  
        AudiCar car = Driver3.createAudiCar("com.java.pattendesign.factory.AudiSportCar");  
        car.drive();  
    }  
}