字符串定义和基本操作

字符串是一串有序字符的集合,在swift中,字符串用string类型来表示,也是字符类型的集合,兼容字符类型(character)和字符串类型(string),字符串链接可以用+号,字符串的更新和普通常量和变量那样操作,非常方便,每一个swift的string都是用Unicode的字符来存储,这样如果要在一个页面显示多国文字,很方便.

字符串字面量,let时候,为不可变字符串,var为可变字符串

let a = "hello world"

创建一个空的字符串,两种方式

var emptyString = ""
var anotherEmptyString = String()//构造器法

判断字符串是否为空

if emptyString.isEmpty {
    print("这是一个空的字符串")
}

emptyString = "不是空字符串"

字符串和字符的互操作,一个字符串是单个字符的集合

for character in emptyString.characters {
    print(character)
}

var 单个字符:Character = "u"

字符串和字符的链接

let string1 = "hello"
let string2 = " there"
let character1:Character = "!"
let character2:Character = "?"

//字符串和字符链接
let stringPlusCharacter = string1 + String(character1)
let stringPlusString = string1 + string2
let characterPlusString = String(character1) + string1
let characterPlusCharacter = String(character1) + String(character2)

//不能将字符串赋值给一个字符类型

字符串插入

let multiplier = 3
let message = "\(multiplier) times 2.5 is \(Double(multiplier) * 2.5)"

计算字符串的长度

let unusualMenagerie = "Koala, Snail, Penguin, Dromedary"
print("unusualMenagerie has \(unusualMenagerie.characters.count) characters")
// 打印输出 "unusualMenagerie has 32 characters"